scholarly journals Personality and reproductive success in the Ache (Paraguay) : implications for the evolution of human individual differences

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew H. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Human Individual

Individual Variation in the Strength of Territory Defense in Male Song Sparrows: Correlates of Age, Territory Tenure, and Neighbor Aggressiveness

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hyman ◽  
Melissa Hughes ◽  
Stephen Nowicki ◽  
William Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Territory Defense ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Territory Owner ◽  
Older Males

AbstractIn many species, the ability to defend a territory is essential for a male to obtain any reproductive success at all, and even among territorial individuals, variation in the strength of territory defense could have a significant impact on how much reproductive success is obtained. Previous studies have documented consistent individual differences in the vigor with which male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) defend their territories, as measured by the strength of their reactions to territorial intrusions simulated through song playback. Variation in the strength of defense could reflect intrinsic differences among individuals in their resource holding potential (RHP), or variation in extrinsic factors. In this study, we examined whether variation in the strength of territory defense corresponds to differences in intrinsic factors such as the age or experience of the territory owner, the extrinsic factor of the level of aggression shown by neighbours, or both. Results indicate that males that previously held territories on the study site, regardless of whether they were holding the same territory as the previous year, show higher levels of territory defense than males that are new to the study site, and, assuming that returning males are older males, suggest that age is more important than experience on a specific territory in determining strength of territory defense. In addition, we found evidence that males with high levels of territorial aggression tend to be spatially clustered. The pattern observed suggests that a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the expression of individual differences in territorial aggression.

Neural reuse and human individual differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
Cristina D. Rabaglia ◽  
Gary F. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Additional Line ◽  
Important Contributor ◽  
Neural Reuse ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractWe find the theory of neural reuse to be highly plausible, and suggest that human individual differences provide an additional line of argument in its favor, focusing on the well-replicated finding of “positive manifold,” in which individual differences are highly correlated across domains. We also suggest that the theory of neural reuse may be an important contributor to the phenomenon of positive manifold itself.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in reproductive success explained by individual differences in bite rate and mass change

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Gélin ◽  
Graeme Coulson ◽  
Marco Festa-Bianchet
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Bite Rate
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