Web search strategies and human individual differences: Cognitive and demographic factors, Internet attitudes, and approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Ford ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Nicola Moss
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Human Individual

scholarly journals A Test of Expectancy Theory and Demographic Characteristics as Predictors of Faking and Honesty in Employment Interviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Ho ◽  
Deborah Powell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Low Levels

Job applicants vary in the extent to which they fake or stay honest in employment interviews, yet the contextual and demographic factors underlying these behaviors are unclear. To help answer this question, we drew on Ellingson and McFarland’s (2011) framework of faking based in valence-instrumentality-expectancy theory. Study 1 collected normative data and established baseline distributions for instrumentality-expectancy beliefs from a Canadian municipality. Results indicated that most respondents had low levels of instrumentality-expectancy beliefs for faking, but high levels for honesty. Moreover, income, education, and age were antecedents of instrumentality-expectancy beliefs. Study 2 extended these findings with a United States sample and sought to determine if they could be explained by individual differences. Results demonstrated that financial insecurity predicted instrumentality of faking, whereas age predicted expectancy of faking. Finally, valence-instrumentality-expectancy beliefs were all predictors of self-reported faking in a past interview.

scholarly journals Perceptions of procedural justice and police legitimacy: A life history perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jody Dorgan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Prior Arrest

<p>Prior research on attitudes towards the police has largely focused on the relationship between demographic factors and perceptions of the police. These studies have produced inconclusive results, and there is no general consensus why and how demographic factors account for individual differences in attitudes towards the police. Life history theory, a “middle-level” evolutionary theory, is one that has largely been neglected in mainstream criminology, but has been used in the current research to explain individual differences in attitudes towards the police. Two studies, both using an online survey, were conducted to explore the extent to which life history strategy explained individual attitudes towards procedural justice, police legitimacy and police socialization after controlling for demographic factors, previous police interaction and prior arrest. Study one, a university sample of 305 participants and study two, a general population sample of 75 Wellington residents both found support for the application of life history theory being used to explain individual differences in attitudes towards the police. Overall, the current research showed that those with a slower life history strategy were more likely hold more positive perceptions of police legitimacy, procedural justice and police socialization regardless of demographic factors, previous police interaction, and prior arrest.</p>

Web search strategies and approaches to studying

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Ford ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Nicola Moss
Keyword(s):  
Web Search ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Approaches To Studying

scholarly journals Information Seeking Behavior of the Ulama in Relation to Preaching and Counseling Roles in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gambo Saleh ◽  
Ahmed Bakeri Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviors

The study of information seeking behavior has over the years attracted the attention of information professionals, resulting in numerous studies conducted with a view to understanding why people seek information, how they seek it, and the problems they encounter. While the information seeking behavior of several professional groups has been studied, an important and influential group of professionals, Muslim clerics (Ulama; sing.--Alim) has been totally neglected. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the information seeking behavior of the Ulama in a developing country. The study investigated such questions as how do the Ulama in Nigeria seek information to perform their preaching and counseling roles? What search strategies do they deploy? Is there a relationship between demographic factors and information seeking patterns? The study used the survey research method. The target population was made up of 973 Ulama dispersed within twenty-seven Local Government Areas of Borno State in Nigeria. A proportional stratified random sampling technique was used to arrive at the sample size of 281. The study used a questionnaire to collect data which was subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The study found out that the Ulama consult different sources and resources for different roles. For purposes of preaching, the Ulama mostly consult their personal collections to use resources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and commentaries by other scholars. However, when performing a counseling role, they consult secular resources and informal channels of information such as council of Ulama, colleagues, or friends and relatives. The study also found out that the Ulama deployed different search strategies to identify and locate information when using public and institutional libraries, information and communication technology facilities, or informal channels. The study has also established significant relationships between demographic factors and search strategies adopted. Finally, the study identified the similarities and differences between the information seeking behaviors of the Christian clergy and the Ulama.

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