scholarly journals Ischemic Evidence Type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Type

scholarly journals Deconstructing the evidence: The effects of strength and reliability of evidence on suspect behavior and counter-interrogation tactics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Brimbal ◽  
Timothy John Luke
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Investigative Interview ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evidence Type

ObjectivesStrategic questioning and disclosure of evidence are increasingly recommended as empirically-supported techniques in interviews. To date, no research has evaluated how different types of evidence (e.g., eyewitness, fingerprints) might affect interview outcome. HypothesesWe hypothesized that suspects would be more willing to make statements that contradict pieces of evidence that are perceived to be weaker and less reliable.MethodsIn Study 1, we conducted systematic and meta-analytic reviews of the literature to retrospectively assess these factors. In six experiments, we began to fill this gap by manipulating strength and reliability of evidence (Study 2, 3c, and 4a), assessing the validity of our operationalizations (Study 3a-b) and testing generalizability across operationalizations (Study 3c), and examining participants’ rationale for their responses to a qualitative analysis (Study 4b). ResultsStudy 1 found that evidence type and, hence, reliability had not been taken into account in previous research. Further, we were unable to establish if observed effects of interview tactics were moderated by the properties of the evidence used. In Study 2, we found that participants were more consistent with evidence when it was more reliable, especially when it was highly incriminating. After validating our operationalizations in studies 3a and 3b, we replicated the pattern found in Study 2 (3c and 4a), whereby those in the highly reliable condition were most consistent with the evidence, followed by those with less reliable evidence and no evidence.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that evidence properties should be considered when studying how to disclose information in an investigative interview.

Landmarks in Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: The Top 50 Most Cited Articles

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP7
Author(s):  
Lucas Kreutz-Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Shapiro ◽  
Samir Mardini ◽  
Karim Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Neck Lift ◽  
Brow Lift ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
Surgery Research

Abstract Background Facial rejuvenation procedures are common in plastic surgery. Objectives The aim of this study was to report the 50 most cited articles in the field of aesthetic facial rejuvenation surgery and provide a simple educational resource for plastic surgeons. Methods The authors utilized the Web of Science Citation Index to identify the 50 most cited articles related to surgery for facial rejuvenation published from 1950 to 2019. Articles were classified according to their level of evidence, type of study, country of publication, and topic of interest: facelift, blepharoplasty, brow lift, neck lift, or combined areas. Results The mean number of citations per article was 137, and the majority of articles (n = 19) were published between 1990 and 1999. The most prevalent topic was facelift surgery (n = 24), followed by articles discussing combined procedures (n = 13), blepharoplasty (n = 6), brow lift (n = 4), and neck lift (n = 3). Most of the articles were classified as clinical (n = 26), followed by basic science studies (n = 12) and review articles (n = 12). Among the articles amenable to grading level of evidence (n = 26), most (n = 24) presented their findings utilizing level IV evidence. The nation of origin for most of the articles (n = 41) was the United States. Conclusions Articles addressing facelift surgery represented the largest proportion of peer-reviewed landmark publications in aesthetic facial surgery research. A simple educational resource is presented to encourage the appreciation of the research in this field.

scholarly journals Saphenous Artery Perforator/Propeller Flap in the Reconstruction of Perigenual Soft Tissue Defects

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
T. M. Balakrishnan ◽  
Aishwarya Vadakencherry Lakshmi Narayanan ◽  
J. Jaganmohan
Keyword(s):  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Propeller Flap ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
Therapeutic Study ◽  
Type V ◽  
Artery Perforator ◽  
Saphenous Artery

Abstract Introduction In this article, we investigate the saphenous artery perforator propeller flap for the reconstruction of perigenual defects. We describe the anatomy of the saphenous artery and the method of raising a perforator propeller flap based on our study and early clinical experience. Aim To assess the effectiveness of the saphenous artery perforator propeller flap in the reconstruction of perigenual defects. Materials and Methods A preliminary cadaver dissection and injection study was conducted to discern the anatomical details of the perforator system of the saphenous vessel in 35 cadaveric specimens in 18 fresh cadavers. From March 2016 to March 2018, 16 clinical cases (5 females and 11 males, in the average age group of 33.5 years) with perigenual defects were reconstructed with saphenous artery perforator propeller flap. They were followed up for an average period of 12.5 months. Results Cadaver study established anterior sartorial perforators as the dominant system of the saphenous vessel and brought to the forefront the type 2 blood supply of the saphenous nerve. All patients had well-settled flaps at the end of the follow-up period, with good return of knee function. Conclusion Saphenous artery perforator propeller flap is a viable option for the reconstruction of defects around the knee joint. Level of Evidence Type V, therapeutic study.

Expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases: Effects of expert evidence type and cross-examination.

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Bull Kovera ◽  
Robert J. Levy ◽  
Eugene Borgida ◽  
Steven D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Evidence Type

Severity, Efficacy, and Evidence Type as Determinants of Health Message Exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias R. Hastall ◽  
Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick
Keyword(s):  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Evidence Type

scholarly journals The Impact of Evidence Type on Police Investigators’ Perceptions of Suspect Culpability and Evidence Reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Minhwan Jang ◽  
Timothy J. Luke ◽  
Pär-Anders Granhag ◽  
Aldert Vrij
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
General Information ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crime Reports

Abstract. In a repeated-measures experimental study, we examined how evidence type influences police investigators’ beliefs about (a) suspect’s culpability and (b) reliability of incriminating evidence. South Korean detectives ( N = 202) read four crime reports including general information about a crime and a suspect. In the general case information, one piece of critical and several pieces of noncritical evidence collected during the investigation were presented. Officers read four simulated reports of crimes, and in each report, they were given one piece of evidence linking the suspect to the crime. We manipulated the critical evidence identifying the suspect with four evidence types: CCTV, DNA, fingerprint, and eyewitness testimony. We found that evidence type influenced detectives’ judgments about suspect’s culpability and evidence reliability, such that when eyewitness (vs. CCTV, DNA, fingerprint) evidence was given as critical evidence, officers were more likely to think that the suspect was less culpable and that the evidence was less reliable. Theoretical and legal implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Interpreting the Loss of Function PVS1 ACMG/AMP Variant Criteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun ◽  
Tina Pesaran ◽  
Marina T. DiStefano ◽  
Andrea Oza ◽  
Heidi L. Rehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Variant Interpretation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Intramural Research Program ◽  
National Human ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
Clinical Genomic

ABSTRACTThe 2015 ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guideline provided a framework for classifying variants based on several benign and pathogenic evidence criteria. This guideline includes a pathogenic criterion (PVS1) for predicted loss of function variants. However, the guideline did not elaborate on the specific considerations for the different types of loss of function variants, nor did it provide decision-making pathways assimilating information about the variant type, its location within the gene, or any additional evidence for the likelihood of a true null effect. Furthermore, the ACMG/AMP guideline did not take into account the relative strengths for each evidence type and the final outcome of their combinations with respect to PVS1 strength. Finally, criteria specifying the genes for which PVS1 can be used are still missing. Here, as part of the Clinical Genomic Resource (ClinGen) Sequence Variant Interpretation (SVI) Working Group’s goal of refining ACMG/AMP criteria, we provide recommendations for applying the PVS1 rule using detailed guidance addressing all the above-mentioned gaps. We evaluate the performance of the refined rule using heterogeneous types of loss of function variants (n = 56) curated by seven disease-specific groups across ten genes. Our recommendations will facilitate consistent and accurate interpretation of predicted loss of function variants.GRANT NUMBERSResearch reported in this publication was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) under award number U41HG006834. LGB was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NHGRI grant number HG200359 09.

scholarly journals Evidentiality and temporal distance learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor Koev
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Predicate Logic ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Dynamic Predicate Logic ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
Topic Time

The grammatical category of evidentiality is traditionally defined as marking evidence type or related concepts (Anderson 1986, Willett 1988, Aikhenvald 2004). I argue against this received view as I show that evidential morphemes in Bulgarian mark the temporal distance between the time at which the speaker learned the described proposition and the topic time. I also demonstrate that Bulgarian evidentials represent projective/backgrounded content that is informative but does not affect the described proposition, which is plainly entailed. The latter fact especially has important typological and theoretical consequences. The proposal is formalized in a logic that extends Dynamic Predicate Logic by adding propositional variables (cf. AnderBois et al. 2010).

scholarly journals Selective Exposure to Balanced Content and Evidence Type: The Case of Issue and Non-Issue Publics About Climate Change and Health Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Brenes Peralta ◽  
Magdalena Wojcieszak ◽  
Yphtach Lelkes ◽  
Claes de Vreese
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Numerical Evidence ◽  
Issue Publics ◽  
Evidence Type ◽  
Issue Public ◽  
Climate Change And Health

We examine three under-studied factors in selective exposure research. Linking issue publics and motivated reasoning literatures, we argue that selectivity patterns depend on (a) whether an individual is an issue public member; (b) the availability of balanced, pro-, and counter-attitudinal content; and (c) the evidence for a message claim (numerical vs. narrative). Using an online experiment ( N = 560), we track information selection about climate change and health care. Most notably, on both issues, issue publics selected more balanced content with numerical evidence, compared with non-issue publics. We discuss the implications of our findings for the selective exposure literature.

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