scholarly journals Censuses of agriculture and COVID-19: Global situation and lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-865
Author(s):  
Jairo Castano
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

A review of the status of censuses of agriculture in 150 countries and territories shows that the impact of COVID-19 has not discriminated between developed and developing countries. However, some countries have fared better than others when faced with the challenges posed by the pandemic. Earlier improvements in national statistical systems, a wide range of ICT solutions and the sourcing of census data from administrative registers have enabled these countries to significantly reduce their reliance on physical contact for tasks such as final preparation of field activities, training and data collection. The experience has confirmed the usefulness of these efforts and will likely further accelerate the pace of innovation, even though most of these countries expect that farmers’ non-response rates will be higher than in the past. At the same time, the COVID-19 crisis has been a lesson to other countries on the need to improve the working environment, diversify census data collection and training methods, and make use of administrative registers in future census rounds.

Study on Nozzle Array Structure Fluidic Gyroscope

2012 ◽  
Vol 542-543 ◽  
pp. 727-730
Author(s):  
Chuan Zhi Mei ◽  
Lin Hua Piao ◽  
Quan Gang Yu ◽  
Bao Li Zhang ◽  
Xia Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Sensitive Element ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Velocity Difference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Array Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This paper reports about a nozzle array structure fluidic gyroscope. The gyro used setting sub-nozzle around the main nozzle to inhibit the attenuation which had been caused by the main nozzle jet column spread out and to increase the angular velocity difference of sensitive element in the thermal resistance wire when the jet flow rate had been input, thereby to improve the performance of the jet gyro. The test results showed that: a resolution of better than 0.1°/s nozzle formation jet gyro sensitivity better than 10mv/(0.1°/s), the measurement range is better than ± 60°/s; non-linearity of better than 1%.The impact of the gyroscope impact resistance capability, small size and wide range of applications.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF USING MODERN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
V. Golubeva ◽  
V. Mykhaylenko ◽  
V. Nazymok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Fitness Programs ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of modern information technologies in the process of physical education classes for student youth. Modern fitness programs and fitness bracelets were analyzed, which made it possible to investigate the impact of modern technologies on the popularity of physical education and physical activity among modern youth and there is an increase in motivation to exercise. Therefore, the introduction of modern information technologies in the education system, which provide further improvement of the educational process, preparation of the younger generation for life in the information space, becomes important. The introduction of infocommunication technologies in the educational process can not only increase the efficiency of the learning process, but also form a physical culture, which increases motivation to exercise, lead a healthy lifestyle, physical improvement, improve the level of physical activity. They will allow you to capture data from various sensors, display indicators on a color display, store information in cloud storage. The result of such devices will be a bio-journal with data on the state of physical fitness of a particular student. The device measures body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen content, monitors sleep phases and stress levels, and has a fairly wide range of functionality: speedometer, altimeter, pedometer, calorie counter. Therefore, there is a question in the development and implementation of a system of control and evaluation of physical activity, which would meet the modern requirements of the educational process and have an effective impact on improving the status of physical education and attracting young people to exercise.

NICE's evaluations of medicines authorized by EMA with conditional marketing authorization or under exceptional circumstances

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Pilar Pinilla-Dominguez ◽  
Huseyin Naci ◽  
Leeza Osipenko ◽  
Elias Mossialos
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Marketing Authorization ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Early Access ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of the uncertainty stemming from products with European conditional marketing authorization (CMA) or authorization in exceptional circumstances (AEC) on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) recommendations.MethodsProducts which received CMA/AEC by European Medicines Agency (EMA) up to 1 December 2016 were identified and matched with corresponding NICE decisions issued by August 2017, the status of which was then traced to August 2019. We assessed whether the conversion of CMA to full marketing authorization triggered a review of a NICE decision. The odds of a recommendation carrying a commercial arrangement for products with and without CMA/AEC were calculated.ResultsFifty-four products were granted CMA/AEC by EMA. NICE conducted thirty evaluations of products with CMA/AEC. Twelve products were recommended by NICE by August 2017 and fourteen by August 2019. All recommendations had an associated commercial arrangement. The odds of carrying a commercial arrangement were higher for products with CMA/AEC compared to those with full authorization. Conversions from conditional to full authorization among products not recommended by NICE did not trigger an appraisal review.ConclusionsUncertainty, stemming from the lack of robust clinical data of products authorized with CMA/AEC, has a substantial impact on HTA recommendations, frequently requiring risk mitigation mechanisms such as commercial and data collection arrangements. Further analyses should be conducted to assess whether the benefits of early access strategies outweigh the risks for patients and the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of constipation in adults: Why estimates of prevalence differ

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Barry Werth
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods

This review of over 80 articles published in the last 30 years shows that estimates of the prevalence of chronic constipation in community-dwelling adults varied widely from 2.4% to 39.6% in general adult populations and from 4% to 25.8% in older adult populations. Estimates of the prevalence of any constipation (including both chronic and sporadic constipation) also varied widely from 2.6% to 31.0% in general adult populations and from 4.4% to 44.5% in older adult populations. Apart from any country or regional differences, this wide range of estimated prevalence may be attributed to different definitions used for both chronic and any constipation as well as different data collection methods and sampling differences. Sampling issues include sample size, representativeness and age range of populations sampled. Further research is required to examine the impact of different definitions on prevalence estimates to help determine the best definitions for use in future epidemiological studies. If standard definitions can be universally agreed and used, along with appropriate sampling and data collection methods, more precise estimates of constipation prevalence should be attained. This would allow more meaningful comparisons between countries and may also provide the ability to pool results.

scholarly journals Encrypted Vehicular Communication Using Wireless Controller Area Network

2019 ◽  
Vol sceeer (3d) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Qaraghuli ◽  
Saadaldeen Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Controller Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Communication Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we focus on ensuring encrypted vehicular communication using wireless controller area network performance at high node densities, by means of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) algorithms. We analyses the effect of the vehicular communication parameters, message-rate, data-rate, transmission power and carrier sensing threshold, on the application performance. After a state-of-the-art analysis, we propose a data-rate DSRC algorithm. Simulation studies show that DSRC performs better than other decentralized vehicular communication algorithms for a wide range of application requirements and densities. Vehicular communication plays one of the most important roles for future autonomous vehicle. We have systematically investigated the impact of vehicular communication using the MATLAB© application platform and achieved an accuracy of 93.74% after encrypting all the communications between the vehicles and securing them by applying the encryption on V2V communication in comparison with the existing system of Sensor Networks which stands at 92.97%. The transmission time for the encryption is 165 seconds while the rate of encryption is as low as 120 Mbps for the proposed awareness range of vehicles to vehicle using DSRC algorithm in Wireless-Controller Area Network for communication. Experimental results show that our proposed method performs 3% better than the recently developed algorithms.

scholarly journals Women's Emancipation and Civil Society Organisations

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Women are at the heart of civil society organisations. Through them they have achieved many successes, challenged oppressive practices at local and global levels and have developed outstanding entrepreneurial activities. Yet CSO research tends to ignore considerations of gender and the rich history of activist feminist organisations is rarely examined. This anthology examines the nexus between the emancipation of women, and their role(s) in these organisations. Featuring contrasting studies from a wide range of contributors from different parts of the world, it covers emerging issues such as the role of social media in organising, the significance of religion in many cultural contexts, activism in Eastern Europe and the impact of environmental degradation on women’s lives. Asking whether involvement in CSOs offers a potential source of emancipation for women or maintains the status quo, this anthology will also have an impact on policy and practice in relation to equal opportunities.

Natural hazard risks in Central Africa: a transdisciplinary approach towards disaster risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Michellier ◽  
Olivier Dewitte ◽  
François Kervyn
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural hazards have significant impact on society (people, assets, services, livelihoods and economic growth). Over the past decades, natural hazard disaster risks have increased globally. Due to high population densities, frequently on the rise and combined with high societal vulnerability, natural hazard disasters disproportionately hit regions of the Global south. In addition, these regions are environments where natural hazard and disaster risks are under-researched, and where the population remains under-informed. This is particularly the case of Sub-Saharan Africa: multiple challenges, such as economic development, population growth, environmental issues, and climate change associated to natural disasters risk, are burdened by scientific data scarcity associated with the lack of widely disseminated knowledge to the public. This has a significant negative impact on development.</p><p>To cope such a context, the Royal Museum for Central Africa works in partnership with 10 Central African institutions. In DRC, this partnership involves the Institut Géographique du Congo (Kinshasa and Goma), the Goma Volcano Observatory, the Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro, the Université Officielle de Bukavu, the Université de Goma and the Civil Protection (North and South Kivu); in Burundi, with the Université du Burundi; and, in Uganda, with the Mbarara University of Science and Technology.</p><p>The overall long-term objective of the partnership is to contribute to mitigating natural hazards and associated risks in Central Africa. More specifically, it aims to develop knowledge, expertise, awareness and support for local, national and regional initiatives by following three specific objectives: 1/ academic training of PhD and master students, in order to strengthen the local scientific knowledge regarding risk understanding and assessment, in support to local universities, 2/ hazard and disaster data collection through the development of two citizen scientists networks in collaboration with the Civil Protection in charge of disaster risk prevention and management, to promote long term data collection, storage and analysis, 3/ improving awareness and risk preparedness with the use of a natural disaster risk awareness-raising board game in secondary schools and the implementation of two local geohazards information centres, opened for the general public, in collaboration both with disaster risk managers and scientists of the region.</p><p>To summarise, the RMCA’s partnership aims to target a wide range of stakeholders concerned by natural hazard risks and disasters, from academic or research groups to citizens and policy makers, in the concern of enhancing disaster risk communication, and contribute to the development of risk culture. The impact of the tools implemented will be analysed with a view to contributing not only to the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Action, but also to supporting the Sustainable Development Goals.</p>

Improving the efficiency of wildlife monitoring by estimating detectability: a case study of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Field ◽  
A. J. Tyre ◽  
K. H. Thorn ◽  
P. J. O'Connor ◽  
H. P. Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Ecological Inference ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrating the existence of trends in monitoring data is of increasing practical importance to conservation managers wishing to preserve threatened species or reduce the impact of pest species. However, the ability to do so can be compromised if the species in question has low detectability and the true occupancy level or abundance of the species is thus obscured. Zero-inflated models that explicitly model detectability improve the ability to make sound ecological inference in such situations. In this paper we apply an occupancy model including detectability to data from the initial stages of a fox-monitoring program on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. We find that detectability is extremely low (<18%) and varies according to season and the presence or absence of roadside vegetation. We show that simple methods of using monitoring data to inform management, such as plotting the raw data or performing logistic regression, fail to accurately diagnose either the status of the fox population or its trajectory over time. We use the results of the detectability model to consider how future monitoring could be redesigned to achieve efficiency gains. A wide range of monitoring programs could benefit from similar analyses, as part of an active adaptive approach to improving monitoring and management.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on California farmworkers: Better local data collection and reporting will improve strategic response

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-898
Author(s):  
Edward Kissam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
System Response ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Providing the public with relevant and reliable statistical information about the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations is a crucial weapon in effective public health system response. This article examines the reporting challenges confronted by local public health agencies based on a case study of farmworker communities of the San Joaquin Valley, Eastern Coachella Valley, and Salinas Valley. The analysis includes a quantitative estimate of the impact COVID-19 has on farmworker households and highlights how socioeconomic factors and housing conditions give rise to health disparities. The importance of local data collection and reporting as the foundation for a national epidemiological tracking system is emphasized. Current shortcomings stemming from flawed national guidance and local political pressures are noted. The discussion includes detailed recommendation for improved reporting including: more systematic tabulations of available data, an expanded set of indicators to monitor public health system response, promising approaches to improve representativeness of test-derived data on COVID-19 by making it easier to access testing and support services, coupled with messaging to broaden farmworkers’ and other socio-politically marginalized populations’ willingness to seek testing. Understanding the challenges faced and lessons learned in the San Joaquin Valley region have practical implications for a wide range of countries.

scholarly journals Mobbing and corporate social responsibility: does the status of the organisation guarantee employee wellbeing and intentions to stay in the job?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-778
Author(s):  
Jolita Vveinhardt ◽  
Włodzimierz Sroka
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Research background: In spite of abundant evidence that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contributes to improving the emotional state of employees as stakeholders and can serve as a useful tool for reduction of their turnover in organizations, until now, it remains unclear how the different status of CSR is related to consequences accompanying mobbing. Purpose of the article: This study compares the emotional state and intentions of Polish and Lithuanian organizations? employees who have experienced mobbing with regard to the status of CSR. The paper presents part of the results of a wider study conducted in two neighbouring states, which are exclusively related to the employees? emotional state and employee intentions after experiencing mobbing in the workplace. Methods: The research sample involved 823 respondents employed in Lithuania and Poland. The questionnaire survey was conducted using the questionnaire ?Mobbing as a Psychosocial Stressor in the Organizations Accessing and Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility ? MOB-CSR?. Comparisons are made with regard to and CSR and relate to Lithuania (LT) and Poland (PL), when organisations are divided into three groups: (I) Is CSR; (II) Seeks to be-come CSR and (III) Does not seek to become CSR. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used as the research methods. Findings & Value added: CSR is related to employees? better emotional state and lesser intentions to leave the organisation, but the study revealed unexpected results showing that according to certain parameters, the situation in the organisations seeking CSR was better than in those already declaring this status (e.g. the feeling of hopelessness, reluctance to seek better results, etc.). It is discussed why the results between countries that have similar historical experience and are culturally close differ. The conclusions emphasize the necessity for practitioners and researchers to evaluate the impact of change on employees? emotional state and intentions at different stages of CSR implementation more carefully. Besides, the results revealed a significant impact of the different status of enterprises with regard to CSR on employees? emotional state and intentions to stay in the job. This article contributes to the literature analysing organizational management by filling gaps in empirical research on CSR, mobbing, employees? emotional state and intentions in different cultures.

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