Improving the efficiency of wildlife monitoring by estimating detectability: a case study of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Field ◽  
A. J. Tyre ◽  
K. H. Thorn ◽  
P. J. O'Connor ◽  
H. P. Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Ecological Inference ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrating the existence of trends in monitoring data is of increasing practical importance to conservation managers wishing to preserve threatened species or reduce the impact of pest species. However, the ability to do so can be compromised if the species in question has low detectability and the true occupancy level or abundance of the species is thus obscured. Zero-inflated models that explicitly model detectability improve the ability to make sound ecological inference in such situations. In this paper we apply an occupancy model including detectability to data from the initial stages of a fox-monitoring program on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. We find that detectability is extremely low (<18%) and varies according to season and the presence or absence of roadside vegetation. We show that simple methods of using monitoring data to inform management, such as plotting the raw data or performing logistic regression, fail to accurately diagnose either the status of the fox population or its trajectory over time. We use the results of the detectability model to consider how future monitoring could be redesigned to achieve efficiency gains. A wide range of monitoring programs could benefit from similar analyses, as part of an active adaptive approach to improving monitoring and management.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF USING MODERN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
V. Golubeva ◽  
V. Mykhaylenko ◽  
V. Nazymok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Fitness Programs ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of modern information technologies in the process of physical education classes for student youth. Modern fitness programs and fitness bracelets were analyzed, which made it possible to investigate the impact of modern technologies on the popularity of physical education and physical activity among modern youth and there is an increase in motivation to exercise. Therefore, the introduction of modern information technologies in the education system, which provide further improvement of the educational process, preparation of the younger generation for life in the information space, becomes important. The introduction of infocommunication technologies in the educational process can not only increase the efficiency of the learning process, but also form a physical culture, which increases motivation to exercise, lead a healthy lifestyle, physical improvement, improve the level of physical activity. They will allow you to capture data from various sensors, display indicators on a color display, store information in cloud storage. The result of such devices will be a bio-journal with data on the state of physical fitness of a particular student. The device measures body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen content, monitors sleep phases and stress levels, and has a fairly wide range of functionality: speedometer, altimeter, pedometer, calorie counter. Therefore, there is a question in the development and implementation of a system of control and evaluation of physical activity, which would meet the modern requirements of the educational process and have an effective impact on improving the status of physical education and attracting young people to exercise.

scholarly journals Women's Emancipation and Civil Society Organisations

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Women are at the heart of civil society organisations. Through them they have achieved many successes, challenged oppressive practices at local and global levels and have developed outstanding entrepreneurial activities. Yet CSO research tends to ignore considerations of gender and the rich history of activist feminist organisations is rarely examined. This anthology examines the nexus between the emancipation of women, and their role(s) in these organisations. Featuring contrasting studies from a wide range of contributors from different parts of the world, it covers emerging issues such as the role of social media in organising, the significance of religion in many cultural contexts, activism in Eastern Europe and the impact of environmental degradation on women’s lives. Asking whether involvement in CSOs offers a potential source of emancipation for women or maintains the status quo, this anthology will also have an impact on policy and practice in relation to equal opportunities.

Genetic structure of the western pygmy possum, Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) based on mitochondrial DNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.L. Pestell ◽  
S.J.B. Cooper ◽  
K. Saint ◽  
S. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Unit ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Cercartetus concinnus Gould (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) has a spatially disjunct distribution, with a broad stretch of saltbush on the Nullarbor Plain forming an apparent barrier between the population: one in southern Western Australia, and another in south-eastern Australia, encompassing South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales. This disjunct distribution and slight differences in morphology between western and eastern populations have led to conjecture about the taxonomy of this species. This study assessed the taxonomic status of C. concinnus across southern Australia. Analyses using the mitochondrial (mtDNA) ND4 gene showed little phylogeographic structure throughout the wide range of C. concinnus in southern Australia; closely related haplotypes (~0.1% sequence divergence) had a wide distribution from Western Australia to South Australia, suggesting recent genetic connectivity. These data indicate that C. concinnus populations represent a single taxonomic unit (Evolutionarily Significant Unit) throughout the geographic range. Further research is required to assess the impact of recent population fragmentation and whether an erosion of genetic variation in isolated populations has occurred.

scholarly journals Censuses of agriculture and COVID-19: Global situation and lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-865
Author(s):  
Jairo Castano
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

A review of the status of censuses of agriculture in 150 countries and territories shows that the impact of COVID-19 has not discriminated between developed and developing countries. However, some countries have fared better than others when faced with the challenges posed by the pandemic. Earlier improvements in national statistical systems, a wide range of ICT solutions and the sourcing of census data from administrative registers have enabled these countries to significantly reduce their reliance on physical contact for tasks such as final preparation of field activities, training and data collection. The experience has confirmed the usefulness of these efforts and will likely further accelerate the pace of innovation, even though most of these countries expect that farmers’ non-response rates will be higher than in the past. At the same time, the COVID-19 crisis has been a lesson to other countries on the need to improve the working environment, diversify census data collection and training methods, and make use of administrative registers in future census rounds.

Development, Informal Institutions and Agency Analyzed through the Lens of New Institutional Anthropology: A Modification of Ensminger’s Framework on Institutional Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-91
Author(s):  
Johanna Friederike Goetter
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In development research, much effort has gone into analyzing the impact of economic and political institutions and their adequate design. However, unforeseen factors such as the impact of the cumulative behavior of individuals as shaped by informal institutions – especially social norms and moral values – may also determine the pace and path of development. Thus, positive economic, social or political triggers may only then translate into development if the relevant actors adapt their strategies and actions appropriately. Similarly, while negative triggers may induce a deterioration of the socioeconomic situation if no adaptation or a mal-adaptation takes place, in another real-world setting with a different set of institutions and actors it may in turn be possible to preserve the status quo. Sound analytical frameworks are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the complex and dynamic interaction of factors leading to a case-specific outcome and history of change. These frameworks have to be specific enough to allow the interpretation of complex changes and dynamics and at the same time general enough to fully cover a broad range of diverse settings and all important but possibly unforeseen aspects. In this paper, I present a modified version of the Framework for Modeling Institutional Change developed by Jean Ensminger (1992). Accounting for the relationships and dynamics of incentives, formal and informal institutions, bargaining power and the constellation of actors, Ensminger’s framework, which is rooted in the theoretical approach of New Institutional Anthropology, merges important aspects from New Institutional Economics and anthropology. However, it fails to leave room for agency which, as the paper illustrates, has been shown to play an often important role in development. The modified version of Ensminger’s framework incorporates agency as a main factor. For the purpose of demonstration, it is applied to a case study on informal constraints to cope with cattle rustling in Madagascar. The paper illustrates the modified framework’s analytical strength for a meticulous investigation of a wide range of empirical cases and discusses to which development-related cases and research interests it fits best. JEL Codes: B52, O1, N57, Z13

Legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Ihor Onyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop issues of legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland and to show the impact of foreign policy orientations of the Republic of Poland on the implementation of international law on national minorities. Methodology. Among the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, the following were used: dialectical methods – comparative method – to clarify the general and specific patterns of functioning and development of legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland. The axiological method was used to find the value of the legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland and to reveal its theoretical and applied significance; activity method – for the formation of recommendations to improve the mechanism of protection of the rights of Ukrainian workers and meet the cultural, educational and spiritual and religious needs of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical understanding and delineation of ways to improve the well-being of the Ukrainian community in Poland and gain better prospects, which is extremely important given the territorial dispersion of Ukrainians, and will be an essential element in filling the strategic partnership between Ukraine and Poland. Results. The study found that in view of the revival of Ukraine's interaction with the Ukrainian community in Poland and in order to preserve the ethno-national identity of Polish Ukrainians, it seems appropriate for public authorities in Ukraine to address issues such as the use of practical influence of the Council of Europe. The rights of national minorities and the rule of law in the Member States, etc. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities in order to legally regulate the protection of the rights of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland.

scholarly journals A virtual hydrological framework for evaluation of stochastic rainfall models

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4783-4801
Author(s):  
Bree Bennett ◽  
Mark Thyer ◽  
Michael Leonard ◽  
Martin Lambert ◽  
Bryson Bates
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Streamflow Prediction ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rainfall Statistics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Stochastic rainfall modelling is a commonly used technique for evaluating the impact of flooding, drought, or climate change in a catchment. While considerable attention has been given to the development of stochastic rainfall models (SRMs), significantly less attention has been paid to developing methods to evaluate their performance. Typical evaluation methods employ a wide range of rainfall statistics. However, they give limited understanding about which rainfall statistical characteristics are most important for reliable streamflow prediction. To address this issue a formal evaluation framework is introduced, with three key features: (i) streamflow-based, to give a direct evaluation of modelled streamflow performance, (ii) virtual, to avoid the issue of confounding errors in hydrological models or data, and (iii) targeted, to isolate the source of errors according to specific sites and seasons. The virtual hydrological evaluation framework uses two types of tests, integrated tests and unit tests, to attribute deficiencies that impact on streamflow to their original source in the SRM according to site and season. The framework is applied to a case study of 22 sites in South Australia with a strong seasonal cycle. In this case study, the framework demonstrated the surprising result that apparently “good” modelled rainfall can produce “poor” streamflow predictions, whilst “poor” modelled rainfall may lead to “good” streamflow predictions. This is due to the representation of highly seasonal catchment processes within the hydrological model that can dampen or amplify rainfall errors when converted to streamflow. The framework identified the importance of rainfall in the “wetting-up” months (months where the rainfall is high but streamflow low) of the annual hydrologic cycle (May and June in this case study) for providing reliable predictions of streamflow over the entire year despite their low monthly flow volume. This insight would not have been found using existing methods and highlights the importance of the virtual hydrological evaluation framework for SRM evaluation.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal genetic variation of Drosophila suzukii in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Petermann ◽  
Sabine Otto ◽  
Gerrit Eichner ◽  
Marc F. Schetelig
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Multiple Invasions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNative to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, rapidly invaded America and Europe in the past 20 years. As a crop pest of soft-skinned fruits with a wide range of host plants, it threatens the fruit industry worldwide, causing enormous economic losses. To control this invasive pest species, an understanding of its population dynamics and structure is necessary. Here, we report the population genetics and development of SWD in Germany from 2017–19 using microsatellite markers over 11 different sample sites. It is the first study that examines SWD’s genetic changes over 3 years compared to multiple international SWD laboratory strains. Results show that SWD populations in Germany are highly homogenous without differences between populations or years, which indicates that populations are well adapted, migrate freely, and multiple invasions from outside Germany either did not take place or are negligible. Such high genetic variability and migration between populations could allow for a fast establishment of the pest species. This is especially problematic with regard to the ongoing spread of this invasive species and could bear a potential for developing pesticide resistance, which could increase the impact of the SWD further in the future.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

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