What Drives Women to Extremist Groups?: Internal and External Drivers to Radicalization of Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankuloska
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
Gender Specific

This article addresses the issue of the causes and drivers of radicalization and violent extremism (external and internal/contextual and psychological) from a general (irrespective of gender) and a gender-specific perspective (factors affecting women exclusively). It endeavors to explore and to understand the drivers that are conducive to, specific and inherent to women. The paper attempts to dissect the dichotomy of masculinity and femininity in relation to violent extremism and the gender components that determine, influence and amplify the process of radicalization.

35: Gender-specific factors affecting glycemic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. S33-S34
Author(s):  
Aneesh K. Tosh ◽  
Heather D. Wong ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Donald P. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Radicalization and Violent Extremism in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Garth Davies
Keyword(s):  
Associate Professor ◽  
Guest Speaker ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Intelligence Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
Simon Fraser University

On January 21, 2021, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its first digital roundtable event of the year, Radicalization and Violent Extremism in the Era of COVID-19. The presentation was conducted by guest speaker, Dr. Garth Davies, an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University. He is also currently involved in developing data for evaluating programs for countering violent extremism. Dr. Davies’ presentation provided an overview of the changes that society has had to make in adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic and shared some of his research findings on radicalization and violent extremism online during the pandemic. The increase in working remotely and being on the Internet has possibly contributed to a larger dissemination of misinformation leading people to certain extremist sites and forums that may contribute to radicalization. Additionally, Dr. Davies answered questions submitted by the audience, which focused on online radicalization, online platforms used for recruiting by extremist groups, misinformation, and the Incel movement.

scholarly journals A Life-Course Analysis of Engagement in Violent Extremist Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Carlsson ◽  
Amir Rostami ◽  
Hernan Mondani ◽  
Joakim Sturup ◽  
Jerzy Sarnecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Social Controls ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Life Course Analysis

AbstractIn this exploratory study, individuals’ processes of engagement in violent extremist groups are analysed by drawing from criminological life-course theory and narrative-based understandings of crime. Based on interviews with individuals who have participated in violent extremism, it is suggested that the process of engagement consists of three steps: (1) a weakening of informal social controls, followed by (2) an interaction with individuals in proximity to the group and (3) a stage of meaning-making in relation to the group and one’s identity, resulting in an individual’s willingness and capacity to engaging in the group’s activities, including violence. In future theorizing about processes of engagement in violent extremism, the meanings of age, and the life-course stages of late adolescence and emerging adulthood in particular, should be given analytic attention.

scholarly journals Deradicalization Programs: Recommendations for Policy and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Actionable Knowledge ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Street People ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
Evaluation Work

Involvement in violent extremism is not a one-way street. People can, and do, leave violent extremist movements. Understanding how and why they leave (or want to leave) constitutes actionable knowledge that brings immense practical benefits. Such knowledge may help in designing initiatives aimed at persuading people to leave violent extremist groups as well as reducing the risk of re-engagement in violent extremism in the future. Deradicalization programs have much to offer but they are not a magic solution to a highly complex, fluid problem. Not everyone who engages in violent extremism is necessarily going to benefit from such interventions, and no program can ever expect to produce complete success. Yet, they continue to show promise. Deradicalization programs can be effective for some and, if subjected to greater evaluation efforts, may prove far more beneficial than is currently believed. Despite an abundance (and apparent increase) in programming, a continued lack of evaluation work both fuels skepticism and hinders our ability to believe that there is a strong future for these programs.

scholarly journals Leadership and Peacebuilding: The Role of Young People in Countering Violent Extremism in North East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohammed Machina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Extremist Groups

The involvement of some young people as foot soldiers of extremist groups has led to the stereotype of youth in general as perpetrators of violence and a threat to peace and stability. That is why many commentaries and media reportage on Nigeria portray young people as perpetrators of violence or victims of conflict. However, this picture of young people is incomplete because it fails to acknowledge the role of young people as peacebuilders. This commentary examines the role of young people in countering violent extremism in North East Nigeria and focuses on the North East Intellectual Entrepreneurship Fellowship (NEIEF) Fellows as a case study. I argue that young people who actively joined extremist groups represent a small minority of the youth population. The majority of young people in North East Nigeria have been actively working to counter extremist narratives of violence.

scholarly journals al-Shabaab and Boko Haram: Recruitment Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Omenma ◽  
Cheryl Hendricks ◽  
Nnamdi Ajaebili
Keyword(s):  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Recruitment Practices ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Policies And Practices

This paper is an examination of the membership recruitment strategies of two violent extremist organizations (VEOs), namely al-Shabaab and Boko Haram. The majority of the literature on VEOs concentrates on the conceptualization of terrorism, motivations for terrorism and counter-terrorism strategies, as well as a focus on the frequency of VEO attacks, number of fatalities and funding sources. The literature tends to portray poverty as the main driver of recruitment. The focus on recruitment strategies has been relatively recent. There is therefore still a lack of in-depth analyses on the processes of recruitment of specific extremist groups, and this impacts on the development of effective counter-insurgency policies and practices. We conclude that there is a need for more nuanced studies of recruitment practices, including radicalization strategies, of specific VEOs in Africa. This understanding of recruitment practices, particularly by VEOs such as Boko Haram and al-Shabaab, will enable more context specific counter-insurgency programmes that target the ability of these organizations to recruit and expand. There can be no one-size-fits-all approach to dealing with the challenge of violent extremism in Africa.

Women, Gender and Violent Extremism: The Relevance of a Gender-Sensitive Approach in Responses to Female Supporters of Daesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seran De Leede
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

This paper lays out the complexity of why and how women have supported ISIS. It identifies gendered specifics in women’s pathways towards the group and argues that prevent-, deradicalization- and rehabilitation programmes need to be gender-sensitive in order to adequately respond to these wide-ranging motivations, drivers and gender-specific catalysing factors. It explores women’s different roles in ISIS and points to challenges in law-enforcement and judicial responses to women in ISIS, arguing that a gender-sensitive, case-by-case approach is crucial in order to avoid (subconscious) gender-stereotyping of women and to ensure gendered factors including issues around agency and criminal liability as well as women’s experiences while in the Islamic State are taken into account.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Exploration of Electronic Image Sharing Among Young People: Navigating the Issues of Conformity, Trust, Intention, and Reputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 106S-113S ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Monks ◽  
Amy Barnes ◽  
Donna Cross ◽  
Heather McKee
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Image Sharing ◽  
School Based ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Trust Intention ◽  
Gender Specific

This research sought to explore the main factors affecting young people’s image-sharing behaviors, particularly in the context of peer relationships and norms. Ten focus groups were held with young people aged 13 to 14 years (Grade 9) with a total of 68 participants (39 females and 29 males) across 15 Australian schools contributing to the discussions. Focus groups were divided into either all-girls ( n = 4), all-boys ( n = 4), or mixed gender ( n = 2) participants to observe gender-specific issues. Thematic analysis of the data revealed the considerable complexities that young people encounter daily when sharing images in the online environment, including how they navigate issues of conformity, trust, intention, and reputation. Gender-specific differences in young people’s perceptions of risky image sharing were also observed. These findings have important implications for the design of school-based interventions to prevent and reduce harm from image-sharing behaviors, including the appointment and training of cyber ambassadors in schools to help positively influence peer-level norms about image sharing.

scholarly journals Resiliensi Pesantren Terhadap Ekstrimisme Kekerasan Berbasiskan Agama dan Implikasinya terhadap Masyarakat Pesisir Lamongan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafik Muthohirin ◽  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Institutional Commitment ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Extremist Groups

Pesantren has a strategy of resilience from the infiltration of the ideology of religious violent extremism. This resilience comes from the kiai's charisma and institutional commitment to the integrity of the country which has implications for the practice of Islamic education in Islamic boarding schools. This article discusses the form of the resilience of the Pesantren Karangasem Muhammadiyah Lamongan from the ideology of religious violent extremism. Pesantren Karangasem is located in Paciran, which borders Brondong, Lamongan, where religious life in the two coastal villages of Lamongan faces serious challenges because it is becoming pockets of movement for Islamic extremist groups. This article poses two thesis questions: First, what is the form of the resilience of the Pesantren Karangasem from the ideology of religious violent extremism; Second, how this form of resilience can have implications for preventing the entry of radical Islamic actors into the religious life of the coastal community of Lamongan. This study concludes that Pesantren Karangasem is an Islamic educational institution that contributes to spreading moderate Islamic views through several forms of resilience that originate from the kiai's charisma and the Islamic intellectual tradition of the pesantren. This study also emphasizes that even though the infiltration of massive religious-based violent extremism movements has occurred, the practice of Islamic cosmopolitan which is the character of religious life in the coastal community of Lamongan is always maintained.

Gender-Specific Changes Since 1900 in the Season-of-Birth Effect in Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Eagles ◽  
David Hunter ◽  
John R. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Psychiatric Case Register ◽  
Psychiatric Case ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Gender Specific

BackgroundIt was hypothesised that the size of the season-of-birth effect may have decreased in tandem with the apparent decline in the incidence of schizophrenia.MethodThrough the Aberdeen Psychiatric Case Register, subjects were identified who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic and had been born between 1900 and 1969. The ratio of winter/spring to summer/autumn births was compared across the seven decades for both sexes together, for men, and for women.ResultsFor the 1935 men, but not for the 1620 women, there was a highly significant increase (P = 0.0009) in season-of-birth effect.ConclusionNon-seasonal factors have contributed to a declining incidence of schizophrenia in both sexes. ‘Seasonal’ factors to which female foetuses are more susceptible than male foetuses (such as infection or malnutrition) have also decreased in frequency, severity, or both, but this has not happened with factors affecting males, leading to an increase of their season-of-birth effect.

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