Experimental evaluation of optimal-designed neural electrodes based on simulated implantation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409
Author(s):  
Wenguang Zhang ◽  
Xuele Yin ◽  
Jie Xie ◽  
Yakun Ma ◽  
Zhengwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neural Electrode ◽  
Tissue Strain ◽  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Vibration Attenuation ◽  
Long Lifetime

In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the depths of 3 mm and 4.5 mm. The insertion forces caused by vibration attenuation electrode are steady with the change of insertion speed. The convex streamline neural electrode caused less tissue injury compared with the other two electrodes. The higher or lower insertion speed causes smaller tissue strain for the two optimized electrodes, which is conductive to set implantation parameters to minimize tissue injury.

Optimal design and evaluation of a multi-shank structure based neural probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1380
Author(s):  
Wenguang Zhang ◽  
Xuele Yin ◽  
Xuhui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neural Electrode ◽  
Tissue Strain ◽  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Vibration Attenuation ◽  
Long Lifetime

In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the depths of 3 mm and 4.5 mm. The insertion forces caused by vibration attenuation electrode are steady with the change of insertion speed. The convex streamline neural electrode caused less tissue injury compared with the other two electrodes. The higher or lower insertion speed causes smaller tissue strain for the two optimized electrodes, which is conductive to set implantation parameters to minimize tissue injury.

scholarly journals All-gather Algorithms Resilient to Imbalanced Process Arrival Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jerzy Proficz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Data ◽  
Cluster Architecture ◽  
Novel Algorithms

Two novel algorithms for the all-gather operation resilient to imbalanced process arrival patterns (PATs) are presented. The first one, Background Disseminated Ring (BDR), is based on the regular parallel ring algorithm often supplied in MPI implementations and exploits an auxiliary background thread for early data exchange from faster processes to accelerate the performed all-gather operation. The other algorithm, Background Sorted Linear synchronized tree with Broadcast (BSLB), is built upon the already existing PAP-aware gather algorithm, that is, Background Sorted Linear Synchronized tree (BSLS), followed by a regular broadcast distributing gathered data to all participating processes. The background of the imbalanced PAP subject is described, along with the PAP monitoring and evaluation topics. An experimental evaluation of the algorithms based on a proposed mini-benchmark is presented. The mini-benchmark was performed over 2,000 times in a typical HPC cluster architecture with homogeneous compute nodes. The obtained results are analyzed according to different PATs, data sizes, and process numbers, showing that the proposed optimization works well for various configurations, is scalable, and can significantly reduce the all-gather elapsed times, in our case, up to factor 1.9 or 47% in comparison with the best state-of-the-art solution.

Relationship between the membrane potential of the contractile vacuole complex and its osmoregulatory activity inParamecium multimicronucleatum

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (20) ◽  
pp. 3261-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Grønlien ◽  
Christian Stock ◽  
Marilynn S. Aihara ◽  
Richard D. Allen ◽  
Yutaka Naitoh
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYThe electric potential of the contractile vacuole (CV) of Paramecium multimicronucleatum was measured in situ using microelectrodes,one placed in the CV and the other (reference electrode) in the cytosol of a living cell. The CV potential in a mechanically compressed cell increased in a stepwise manner to a maximal value (approximately 80 mV) early in the fluid-filling phase. This stepwise change was caused by the consecutive reattachment to the CV of the radial arms, where the electrogenic sites are located. The current generated by a single arm was approximately 1.3×10-10 A. When cells adapted to a hypotonic solution were exposed to a hypertonic solution, the rate of fluid segregation, RCVC, in the contractile vacuole complex (CVC) diminished at the same time as immunological labelling for V-ATPase disappeared from the radial arms. When the cells were re-exposed to the previous hypotonic solution, the CV potential, which had presumably dropped to near zero after the cell's exposure to the hypertonic solution, gradually returned to its maximum level. This increase in the CV potential occurred in parallel with the recovery of immunological labelling for V-ATPase in the radial arm and the resumption of RCVC or fluid segregation. Concanamycin B, a potent V-ATPase inhibitor, brought about significant decreases in both the CV potential and RCVC. We confirm that (i) the electrogenic site of the radial arm is situated in the decorated spongiome, and (ii) the V-ATPase in the decorated spongiome is electrogenic and is necessary for fluid segregation in the CVC. The CV potential remained at a constant high level(approximately 80 mV), whereas RCVC varied between cells depending on the osmolarity of the adaptation solution. Moreover, the CV potential did not change even though RCVC increased when cells adapted to one osmolarity were exposed to a lower osmolarity, implying that RCVC is not directly correlated with the number of functional V-ATPase complexes present in the CVC.

scholarly journals A literature review on complications and management of use sodium hypochlorite in endodontics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Sunny Sharma ◽  
Sonali ◽  
Asusa ◽  
Chander Udhey ◽  
Puneet Kour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Other Hand

The most commonly used irrigant in the field of endodontics is sodium hypochlorite in the procedure of root canal therapy. Although the use of sodium hypochlorite is quite safe but on the other hand when it comes in to direct contact with the soft tissue, it can result in soft tissue injury.

ELECTRODE POTENTIALS OF THORIUM TETRACHLORIDE IN ALKALI CHLORIDE MELTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
S. N. Flengas
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Silver Chloride Reference Electrode ◽  
Chloride Melts ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

The electrode potentials of the system Th, ThCl4 (KCl, NaCl) were measured at various concentrations of thorium chloride, and at temperatures between 670 °C and 850 °C, using a silver – silver chloride reference electrode. It was shown by a direct gravimetric method that the reaction,Th(metal) + ThCl4(melt) = 2ThCl2(in melt),postulated by previous investigators, did not take place.The activity coefficients, and the other partial molal properties of the solutions of ThCl4, in the equimolar mixture of potassium and sodium chlorides, were calculated as a function of temperature from the e.m.f. measurements.

Display Energy Management based on Eye Tracking

2012 ◽  
pp. 350-365
Author(s):  
Vasily G. Moshnyaga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Personal Computer System ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Save Energy

With the explosive use of personal computers or PCs, reducing computer energy consumption is paramount for sustainability. The display is the largest energy consumer in a personal computer. Current display energy management technologies ignore the attention of the PC user and therefore may either switch the display off when the user looks at the screen or lose energy by keeping the display on when nobody looks at it. This chapter discusses a new display energy management technology and outlines its implementation in a personal computer system. Unlike existing technologies, which “sense” a PC user through keyboard and/or mouse or the other sensors, this technology “watches” the user through a single camera or CMOS vision sensor. The technology tracks the user’s eyes, keeping display active only if the user looks at its screen. Otherwise, it dims the display down or even switches it off to save energy. The authors implemented the technology in software and hardware and present the results of their experimental evaluation.

Evaluation of Energy-Regenerative Suspension Structure Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Judgment (FCJ)

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 2636-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xu ◽  
Xue Xun Guo ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Judgment ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Suspension Structure

Energy regenerative suspension can transform the shock energy produced in the driving process into electrical or hydraulic energy. This paper proposes a new hydraulic electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension design, and makes a comparison with the other two energy regenerative suspension designs by studying their structures and working principles, and makes an evaluation system by using fuzzy comprehensive judgment. According to the importance of the evaluating indexes, their subjective weights are gotten by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP); according to the performance statistics data, their objective weights are gotten by using entropy method; the general weights can be gotten from the subjective and the objective ones; and the evaluating value of suspension comprehensive performance can be calculated according to the general weights and the performance statistics data of evaluating indexes. The result reveals that the hydraulic electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension design has obvious advantages and is the most feasible design.

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