scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Virulence in Pathogenic Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Botha ◽  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Mariaan Wolfaardt ◽  
Janusz T. Paweska ◽  
Robert Swanepoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Infectious Clones of Novel Lineage 1 and Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Strains WNV-TX02 and WNV-Madagascar

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (14) ◽  
pp. 7704-7709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Suthar ◽  
M. M. Brassil ◽  
G. Blahnik ◽  
M. Gale
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Contrasted Epidemiological Patterns of West Nile Virus Lineages 1 and 2 Infections in France from 2015 to 2019

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Beck ◽  
Isabelle Leparc Goffart ◽  
Florian Franke ◽  
Gaelle Gonzalez ◽  
Marine Dumarest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lineage 2

Since 2015, annual West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of varying intensities have been reported in France. Recent intensification of enzootic WNV circulation was observed in the South of France with most horse cases detected in 2015 (n = 49), 2018 (n = 13), and 2019 (n = 13). A WNV lineage 1 strain was isolated from a horse suffering from West Nile neuro-invasive disease (WNND) during the 2015 episode in the Camargue area. A breaking point in WNV epidemiology was achieved in 2018, when WNV lineage 2 emerged in Southeastern areas. This virus most probably originated from WNV spread from Northern Italy and caused WNND in humans and the death of diurnal raptors. WNV lineage 2 emergence was associated with the most important human WNV epidemics identified so far in France (n = 26, including seven WNND cases and two infections in blood and organ donors). Two other major findings were the detection of WNV in areas with no or limited history of WNV circulation (Alpes-Maritimes in 2018, Corsica in 2018–2019, and Var in 2019) and distinct spatial distribution of human and horse WNV cases. These new data reinforce the necessity to enhance French WNV surveillance to better anticipate future WNV epidemics and epizootics and to improve the safety of blood and organ donations.

Emergence of West Nile Virus Lineage-2 in Resident Corvids in Istanbul, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozge Erdogan Bamac ◽  
Utku Y. Cizmecigil ◽  
Asli Mete ◽  
Aysun Yilmaz ◽  
Ozge Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Introductions of West Nile Virus Strains to Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Deardorff ◽  
José G. Estrada-Franco ◽  
Aaron C. Brault ◽  
Roberto Navarro-Lopez ◽  
Arturo Campomanes-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals West Nile virus lineage 2 in Romania, 2015–2016: co-circulation and strain replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Ioana Cotar ◽  
Elena Fălcuță ◽  
Sorin Dinu ◽  
Adriana Necula ◽  
Victoria Bîrluțiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Lineage 2 West Nile Virus as Cause of Fatal Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietjie Venter ◽  
Stacey Human ◽  
Dewald Zaayman ◽  
Gertruida H. Gerdes ◽  
June Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Experimental infection of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with West Nile virus strains of lineages 1 and 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Del Amo ◽  
Francisco Llorente ◽  
Elisa Pérez-Ramirez ◽  
Ramón C. Soriguer ◽  
Jordi Figuerola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Virus Strains
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