Emergence of West Nile Virus Lineage-2 in Resident Corvids in Istanbul, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozge Erdogan Bamac ◽  
Utku Y. Cizmecigil ◽  
Asli Mete ◽  
Aysun Yilmaz ◽  
Ozge Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Contrasted Epidemiological Patterns of West Nile Virus Lineages 1 and 2 Infections in France from 2015 to 2019

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Beck ◽  
Isabelle Leparc Goffart ◽  
Florian Franke ◽  
Gaelle Gonzalez ◽  
Marine Dumarest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lineage 2

Since 2015, annual West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks of varying intensities have been reported in France. Recent intensification of enzootic WNV circulation was observed in the South of France with most horse cases detected in 2015 (n = 49), 2018 (n = 13), and 2019 (n = 13). A WNV lineage 1 strain was isolated from a horse suffering from West Nile neuro-invasive disease (WNND) during the 2015 episode in the Camargue area. A breaking point in WNV epidemiology was achieved in 2018, when WNV lineage 2 emerged in Southeastern areas. This virus most probably originated from WNV spread from Northern Italy and caused WNND in humans and the death of diurnal raptors. WNV lineage 2 emergence was associated with the most important human WNV epidemics identified so far in France (n = 26, including seven WNND cases and two infections in blood and organ donors). Two other major findings were the detection of WNV in areas with no or limited history of WNV circulation (Alpes-Maritimes in 2018, Corsica in 2018–2019, and Var in 2019) and distinct spatial distribution of human and horse WNV cases. These new data reinforce the necessity to enhance French WNV surveillance to better anticipate future WNV epidemics and epizootics and to improve the safety of blood and organ donations.

scholarly journals West Nile virus lineage 2 in Romania, 2015–2016: co-circulation and strain replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Ioana Cotar ◽  
Elena Fălcuță ◽  
Sorin Dinu ◽  
Adriana Necula ◽  
Victoria Bîrluțiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Lineage 2 West Nile Virus as Cause of Fatal Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietjie Venter ◽  
Stacey Human ◽  
Dewald Zaayman ◽  
Gertruida H. Gerdes ◽  
June Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

West Nile virus lineage 2 in Sardinian wild birds in 2012: a further threat to public health

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2313-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SAVINI ◽  
G. PUGGIONI ◽  
A. DI GENNARO ◽  
G. DI FRANCESCO ◽  
A. M. ROCCHIGIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) strains belonging to lineage 2 were detected and isolated from the tissues of a goshawk and two carrion crows in Sardinia in August 2012. According to NS3 sequence analysis, the Sardinian isolates shared a high level of similarity with those of Italian lineage 2 strains which circulated in 2011 and with the homologous sequence of the 2004 Hungarian isolate. Following the human fatality reported in 2011 in Olbia, this study is the first to report the spread and enzootic circulation of WNV lineage 2 in Sardinia.

scholarly journals Co-Circulation of West Nile and Usutu Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes in Slovakia, 2018

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Čabanová ◽  
Silvie Šikutová ◽  
Petra Straková ◽  
Oldřich Šebesta ◽  
Bronislava Vichová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

Monitoring West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) activity now has the highest priority among mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses circulating in the European Union. This study documents a first time detection and the co-circulation of WNV lineage-2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.46%) and USUV clade Europe 2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.25%) in mosquitoes from the same habitat of south-western Slovakia and underlines necessity to perform rigorous surveillance in birds, mosquitoes, horses and humans in that country.

scholarly journals Human West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Infection: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Findings

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Alessandro Sinigaglia ◽  
Elisa Franchin ◽  
Silvana Pagni ◽  
Enrico Lavezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lineage 2

West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 is expanding and causing large outbreaks in Europe. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of WNV lineage 2 infection during the large outbreak that occurred in northern Italy in 2018. The study population included 86 patients with neuroinvasive disease (WNND), 307 with fever (WNF), and 34 blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis of WNV full genome sequences from patients’ samples showed that the virus belonged to the widespread central/southern European clade of WNV lineage 2 and was circulating in the area at least since 2014. The incidence of WNND and WNF progressively increased with age and was higher in males than in females. Among WNND patients, the case fatality rate was 22%. About 70% of blood donors reported symptoms during follow-up. Within the first week after symptom onset, WNV RNA was detectable in the blood or urine of 80% of patients, while 20% and 40% of WNND and WNF patients, respectively, were WNV IgM-seronegative. In CSF samples of WNND patients, WNV RNA was typically detectable when WNV IgM antibodies were absent. Blunted or no WNV IgM response and high WNV IgG levels were observed in seven patients with previous flavivirus immunity.

Evolutionary dynamics of lineage 2 West Nile virus in Europe, 2004–2018: Phylogeny, selection pressure and phylogeography

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 106617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafeim C. Chaintoutis ◽  
Anna Papa ◽  
Danai Pervanidou ◽  
Chrysostomos I. Dovas
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2
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