scholarly journals Kemampuan Prospektif Fusan FP4 dalam Memproduksi Inulinase dan Profil Pertumbuhannya

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Wijanarka Wijanarka ◽  
Ika Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Growth Profile

Fusan FP4 is one type fused materials derived from intraspecific fusion of Pichia manshurca. The fused materials have superior capabilities compared with other materials, especially in producing inulinase enzyme (E.C. 3.2.1.7). The aims of the study are to determine the production of the enzyme inulinase of fusan FP4 and the growth profile formed. Growth can be detected by the addition of size and cell division. Growth measurements of fusan FP4 was carried out for 24 hours and observation and sampling was done every 6 hours for 24 hours. Observations of growth are conducted qualitatively by using a spectrophotometer, while the production of inulinase done using DNS method. The results of this study showed that the highest inulinase production was 1.948 U/ml and occurred at log phase with 6 hours of incubation time (t6) to 12 hours (t12). Key words: inulinase, Fusan FP4, log phase, P. manshurca.

Histopathology of Albugo tragopogonis on stems and petioles of sunflower

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
H Krüger ◽  
A Viljoen ◽  
P S Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Callose Formation ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Stem lesions in sunflower caused by Albugo tragopogonis (Pers.) S.F. Gray developed individually from primary infections and did not result from a systemic infection. Cell division and callose formation were not observed, but weak lignin deposition occurred in infected tissues. Hyphae occurred intercellularly in stems in the cortex, cambium, vascular rays, and pith. In petioles parenchymatous tissue was heavily colonized in contrast to lightly colonized collenchymatous hypodermis. The middle lamellae of cells in infected tissue were dissolved, and cells degenerated and eventually collapsed. Stem infections lead to deterioration of tissue integrity, weakening of stems, and finally to lodging of stems (breaking over).Key words: Albugo tragopogonis, Helianthus annuus, histopathology, stem lodging.

Floral organ initiation and development in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) and in the organ identity mutants apetala2-1 and agamous-1

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Crone ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Tissue Differentiation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Component Cell

The flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) were examined for histological events during organ initiation and later development. An inflorescence floral plastochron of the main stem raceme was used as a basis for the timing and staging of developmental events. Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels in wild-type Landsberg erecta Arabidopsis are distinguishable as primordia in terms of cell division events associated with initiation, size, and component cell numbers. Flower organogenesis in the organ identity (homeotic) mutants apetala2-1 and agamous-1 was compared with that of the wild type. In both mutants, each whorl of floral organs initiates much like the wild type and only subsequently produces visibly altered organs with mosaic features. The flower organ identity mutants achieve their mature phenotypes by alterations in tissue differentiation that occur after initiation and early primordial development. Key words: Arabidopsis, apetala2-1, agamous-1, plastochron, homeosis, flower.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KULIT NANAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Ricson P. Hutagaol ◽  
Nina Maria Santi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
The Right

The Making of Coconut Oil Using a Pineapple Skin        The aim of this research was to find the right formula and making more quantity of coconut oil with fermentation method. In this research coconut milk that used was cream. The cream was mixed withs pineapple skin juice. Research was done the pre test to choose the optimum concentration, temperature and incubation time. The optimum condition produced was used to process of making coconut oil. The optimum concentration oil produced was 1: 1 at 65oC  in 24 hours of incubation. Results of making coconut oils got the volume of 276 mL oil besides, thats oil was produced from cream without pineapple skin as the blank, that was produced 100mL oil. Coconut oil with pineapple skin had been analysed and having: Water content 0.5873%, waste 1.24%, free fat acid 2.31, iod number 8.51, saponification number 258.02, peroxidase number 0.591, negative pelican oil, negative heavy metal, normal organoleptic test.Based on this research could be concluded that coconut oil with pineapple skin entered to standard SNI 012902-1992.key words: coconut milk, cream, fermentation, pineapple skin ABSTRAK        Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk  memperoleh formula yang tepat dalam pembuatan minyak kelapa secara fermentasi sehingga diperoleh minyak kelapa dalam jumlah banyak. Pada penelitian ini santan yang dimanfaatkan adalah krim. Krim santan yang digunakan dicampur dengan jus kulit nanas. Dilakukan uji pendahuluan pemilihan konsentrasi, suhu dan waktu inkubasi, Kondisi optimum yang didapat selanjutnya dipakai untuk proses pembuatan minyak kelapa. Dari uji pendahuluan yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan  konsentrasi optimum untuk pembuatan minyak kelapa adalah 1:1 pada suhu 650C dengan waktu inkubasi 24 jam. Hasil penelitian pembuatan minyak kelapa menunjukkan bahwa  volume minyak yang diperoleh 276  mL, selain itu juga dilakukan pembuatan minyak dengan menggunakan krim tanpa jus kulit nanas yang disebut dengan blanko, pada blanko minyak yang didapat adalah 100 mL. Minyak kelapa dengan kulit nanas yang didapat dilakukan  analisis  kimia minyak kelapa yaitu:  kadar air 0.5873%, kadar kotoran 1.24%, asam lemak bebas 2.31, bilangan iod 8.51, bilangan penyabunan 258.02, bilangan peroksida 0.591, minyak pelikan negatif, logam berbahaya negatif, dan uji organoleptik normal.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kulit nanas masuk standar SNI 012902-1992.Kata Kunci: Santan kelapa, krim, fermentasi, dan kulit nanas

scholarly journals Studies on Polygalacturonase from Aspergllus Flavus

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan B Gewali ◽  
Jyoti Maharjan ◽  
Sambhu Thapa ◽  
Jaya Krishna Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cold Acetone ◽  
Key Words Aspergillus ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Crude polygalacturonase was obtained from Aspergillus flavus cultured in Glucose Free Medium (GFM) by precipitating cell free broth with 66% cold acetone. Effect of different parameters such as temperature, pH incubation time and enzyme concentration on this polygalacturonase preparation was studied. Furthermore, some inhibition studies on this enzyme preparation were conducted. Key words: Aspergillus flavus; Polygalacturonase. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2650 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 19-22

Resting Eggs in Pontella meadi (Copepoda: Calanoida)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Grice ◽  
Victoria R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Resting Eggs

Pontella meadi Wheeler produces resting eggs in fall which hatch the following summer. Experiments show that these eggs require 4–8 wk of incubation at 2–3 or 5–6 °C for substantial hatching to occur. Eggs occur in sediment in winter. Resting eggs serve to repopulate temperate inshore areas with this species after its winter disappearance from the plankton. Key words: Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontella, resting eggs, incubation time, distribution

Embryology of Calypso bulbosa. II. Embryo development

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Sandra K. Law
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Terminal Cell ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Storage Products

Calypso bulbosa is a terrestrial orchid that grows in north temperate regions. After fertilization, the zygote enlarges and grows towards the chalazal end of the embryo sac. An unequal cell division gives rise to a smaller terminal cell and a larger basal cell. A constriction forms in the basal cell. Further growth results in a U-shaped embryo. Two patterns of initial terminal cell division have been observed. In a majority of developing embryos, the terminal cell first divides periclinally and then anticlinally. In approximately 5% of the embryos, the initial division of the terminal cell is anticlinal. Despite differences in early cell division patterns, subsequent embryo development is the same. The suspensor consists of a large, highly vacuolated basal cell and a 4-celled filamentous region. Highly conspicuous starch granules are present within the basal cell of the suspensor. At maturity, the embryo proper is small, consisting of approximately 24 cells and lacking marked differentiation of the apical end. Starch and lipid are the main storage products within the embryo proper. Key words: Calypso orchids, embryo development, suspensor.

Chronologie du développement du fruit en relation avec la croissance végétative chez l'abricotier Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Rouge du Roussillon

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556
Author(s):  
E. Costes ◽  
S. Jaffuel ◽  
A. Audubert ◽  
M. Jay ◽  
J. Lichou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
The Future ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Second Period

The chronology of fruit development and vegetative growth is described for the apricot cultivar 'Rouge de Roussillon'. We observed a synchrony between the major events of fruit development and those of vegetative growth. This allows us to complete a descriptioon of phases in fruit by taking in account the unfurling of preformed, then newly formed parts of growth units (GU). During the first period, which lasts approximately 12 days following full flowering, numerous events unfold simultaneously. In the absence of leaves, everything the tree produces during this period depends on its reserves. During the second period (from around 12 to 30 days) cell division ceases in the future fruit and the preformed parts of the growth units unfurl. From 30 to 60 days after full flowering, the fruit develops little, while the neoformed parts of the growth units are formed. The cessation of growth is spread out at intervals during this period and, at 60 days, 80% of GU have ceased to grow. The embryo continues its development until about 90 days, while the number of growing shoots is limited. Finally, beyond 90 days, the fruit finishes its enlargement while new growth units appear on the tree. The period of direct concurrence between vegetative and floral development seems limited to the two early periods. In effect, the preformed leaves in the winter bud seem to be incapable of providing assimilates to all the growing organs. Consequently, the priority is alternatively vegetative growth (unfurling of newly formed leaves) then fruit development. Key words: apricot, embryogenesis, growth, flowering, fruit development. [Journal translation]

The Ultrastructure of the Nuclear Events of Binary Fission in Paramecium bursaria and the Effects of Colchicine on Cell Division

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
L. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Division Axis

The effects of colchicine on extranuclear microtubules associated with the macronucleus of Paramecium bursaria were studied to determine the possible role that these microtubules play in controlling the shape of the macronucleus. In the course of this study, the ultrastructure of the nuclear events of binary fission in control cells was also studied.During interphase in control cells, the micronucleus contains randomly distributed clumps of condensed chromatin and microtubular fragments. Throughout mitosis the nuclear envelope remains intact. During micronuclear prophase, cup-shaped microfilamentous structures appear that are filled with condensing chromatin. Microtubules are also present and are parallel to the division axis.

Stimulated Virus Production in Vinblastine and Cytochalasin-Induced Multinucleate Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Krishan Awtar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Exposure of cells to low sublethal but mitosis-arresting doses of vinblastine sulfate (Velban) results in the initial arrest of cells in mitosis followed by their subsequent return to an “interphase“-like stage. A large number of these cells reform their nuclear membranes and form large multimicronucleated cells, some containing as many as 25 or more micronuclei (1). Formation of large multinucleate cells is also caused by cytochalasin, by causing the fusion of daughter cells at the end of an otherwise .normal cell division (2). By the repetition of this process through subsequent cell divisions, large cells with 6 or more nuclei are formed.

Confocal microscopy of the cytoskeleton in living plant cells following microinjection of fluorescent probes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Ann Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin

Microinjection of fluorescent probes into living plant cells reveals new aspects of cell structure and function. Microtubules and actin filaments are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell growth, division and intracellular transport. To date, cytoskeletal probes used in microinjection studies have included rhodamine-phalloidin for labelling actin filaments and fluorescently labelled animal tubulin for incorporation into microtubules. From a recent study of Tradescantia stamen hair cells it appears that actin may have a role in defining the plane of cell division. Unlike microtubules, actin is present in the cell cortex and delimits the division site throughout mitosis. Herein, I shall describe actin, its arrangement and putative role in cell plate placement, in another material, living cells of Tradescantia leaf epidermis.The epidermis is peeled from the abaxial surface of young leaves usually without disruption to cytoplasmic streaming or cell division. The peel is stuck to the base of a well slide using 0.1% polyethylenimine and bathed in a solution of 1% mannitol +/− 1 mM probenecid.

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