Resting Eggs in Pontella meadi (Copepoda: Calanoida)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Grice ◽  
Victoria R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Resting Eggs

Pontella meadi Wheeler produces resting eggs in fall which hatch the following summer. Experiments show that these eggs require 4–8 wk of incubation at 2–3 or 5–6 °C for substantial hatching to occur. Eggs occur in sediment in winter. Resting eggs serve to repopulate temperate inshore areas with this species after its winter disappearance from the plankton. Key words: Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontella, resting eggs, incubation time, distribution

Estimating time to onset of swine influenza symptoms after initial novel A(H1N1v) viral infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1418-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. M. TOM ◽  
A. J. VAN HOEK ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
J. McMENAMIN ◽  
C. ROBERTSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Interval Censoring ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Influenza Case ◽  
Time To Onset

SUMMARYCharacterization of the incubation time from infection to onset is important for understanding the natural history of infectious diseases. Attempts to estimate the incubation time distribution for novel A(H1N1v) have been, up to now, based on limited data or peculiar samples. We characterized this distribution for a generic group of symptomatic cases using laboratory-confirmed swine influenza case-information. Estimates of the incubation distribution for the pandemic influenza were derived through parametric time-to-event analyses of data on onset of symptoms and exposure dates, accounting for interval censoring. We estimated a mean of about 1·6–1·7 days with a standard deviation of 2 days for the incubation time distribution in those who became symptomatic after infection with the A(H1N1v) virus strain. Separate analyses for the <15 years and ⩾15 years age groups showed a significant (P<0·02) difference with a longer mean incubation time in the older age group.

On the Incubation Time Distribution and the Danish AIDS Data

1988 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Lier Boldsen ◽  
Jens Ledet Jensen ◽  
Jes Sogaard ◽  
Michael Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution

scholarly journals Kemampuan Prospektif Fusan FP4 dalam Memproduksi Inulinase dan Profil Pertumbuhannya

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Wijanarka Wijanarka ◽  
Ika Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Growth Profile

Fusan FP4 is one type fused materials derived from intraspecific fusion of Pichia manshurca. The fused materials have superior capabilities compared with other materials, especially in producing inulinase enzyme (E.C. 3.2.1.7). The aims of the study are to determine the production of the enzyme inulinase of fusan FP4 and the growth profile formed. Growth can be detected by the addition of size and cell division. Growth measurements of fusan FP4 was carried out for 24 hours and observation and sampling was done every 6 hours for 24 hours. Observations of growth are conducted qualitatively by using a spectrophotometer, while the production of inulinase done using DNS method. The results of this study showed that the highest inulinase production was 1.948 U/ml and occurred at log phase with 6 hours of incubation time (t6) to 12 hours (t12). Key words: inulinase, Fusan FP4, log phase, P. manshurca.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KULIT NANAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Ricson P. Hutagaol ◽  
Nina Maria Santi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
The Right

The Making of Coconut Oil Using a Pineapple Skin        The aim of this research was to find the right formula and making more quantity of coconut oil with fermentation method. In this research coconut milk that used was cream. The cream was mixed withs pineapple skin juice. Research was done the pre test to choose the optimum concentration, temperature and incubation time. The optimum condition produced was used to process of making coconut oil. The optimum concentration oil produced was 1: 1 at 65oC  in 24 hours of incubation. Results of making coconut oils got the volume of 276 mL oil besides, thats oil was produced from cream without pineapple skin as the blank, that was produced 100mL oil. Coconut oil with pineapple skin had been analysed and having: Water content 0.5873%, waste 1.24%, free fat acid 2.31, iod number 8.51, saponification number 258.02, peroxidase number 0.591, negative pelican oil, negative heavy metal, normal organoleptic test.Based on this research could be concluded that coconut oil with pineapple skin entered to standard SNI 012902-1992.key words: coconut milk, cream, fermentation, pineapple skin ABSTRAK        Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk  memperoleh formula yang tepat dalam pembuatan minyak kelapa secara fermentasi sehingga diperoleh minyak kelapa dalam jumlah banyak. Pada penelitian ini santan yang dimanfaatkan adalah krim. Krim santan yang digunakan dicampur dengan jus kulit nanas. Dilakukan uji pendahuluan pemilihan konsentrasi, suhu dan waktu inkubasi, Kondisi optimum yang didapat selanjutnya dipakai untuk proses pembuatan minyak kelapa. Dari uji pendahuluan yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan  konsentrasi optimum untuk pembuatan minyak kelapa adalah 1:1 pada suhu 650C dengan waktu inkubasi 24 jam. Hasil penelitian pembuatan minyak kelapa menunjukkan bahwa  volume minyak yang diperoleh 276  mL, selain itu juga dilakukan pembuatan minyak dengan menggunakan krim tanpa jus kulit nanas yang disebut dengan blanko, pada blanko minyak yang didapat adalah 100 mL. Minyak kelapa dengan kulit nanas yang didapat dilakukan  analisis  kimia minyak kelapa yaitu:  kadar air 0.5873%, kadar kotoran 1.24%, asam lemak bebas 2.31, bilangan iod 8.51, bilangan penyabunan 258.02, bilangan peroksida 0.591, minyak pelikan negatif, logam berbahaya negatif, dan uji organoleptik normal.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kulit nanas masuk standar SNI 012902-1992.Kata Kunci: Santan kelapa, krim, fermentasi, dan kulit nanas

scholarly journals Studies on Polygalacturonase from Aspergllus Flavus

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan B Gewali ◽  
Jyoti Maharjan ◽  
Sambhu Thapa ◽  
Jaya Krishna Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cold Acetone ◽  
Key Words Aspergillus ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Crude polygalacturonase was obtained from Aspergillus flavus cultured in Glucose Free Medium (GFM) by precipitating cell free broth with 66% cold acetone. Effect of different parameters such as temperature, pH incubation time and enzyme concentration on this polygalacturonase preparation was studied. Furthermore, some inhibition studies on this enzyme preparation were conducted. Key words: Aspergillus flavus; Polygalacturonase. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2650 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 19-22

scholarly journals The Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak: assessment of incubation time and daily attack rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Gupta ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Differential Equation System ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Precise Assessment

The time course of reported illnesses (epidemic curve) in the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was analysed using a dynamic model considering time variant force of infection and incubation time distributions. Different functional forms for the force of infection and incubation time distribution were tested. The resulting model is a coupled integro-differential equation system. These models gave a good fit to the data, although depending upon the functional forms of the underlying distributions, different incubation time and force of infection curves were obtained. However there was reasonable agreement with respect to a baseline illness rate that existed. This demonstrates that useful information may be obtained in this manner, although it should be supplemented with other data (e.g. serology) for a precise assessment of dynamics of disease occurrence during waterborne epidemic conditions.

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