Warum Naturwaldreservate einrichten? (Essay)

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Heinz Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Jura Mountains ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Large Effort

Why should we have natural forest reserves? (Essay) Natural forest reserves, where any kind of intervention is prohibited, are a component of a holistic biodiversity and forest policy today. Permitting natural processes to unfold in natural forest reserves is a sustainable and cost-efficient contribution to the maintenance and enhancement of biodiversity. This paper discusses the reasons for the establishment of natural forest reserves and the peculiarities that need to be taken into account when implementing the biodiversity goals. It demonstrates that particularly the establishment of large natural forest reserves in currently managed forests on the Swiss Plateau and in the Jura mountains requires a large effort.

scholarly journals Naturwaldreservate: welche, wo und wofür? (Essay)

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Bollmann ◽  
Jörg Müller
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Total Forest Area ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Specific Impact

Natural forest reserves: selection criteria, where and what for? (Essay) The question “How large should the total extent of strict natural forest reserves be?” dominates the current debate about the need of unmanaged forests for biodiversity conservation in Central Europe. However, within a system of close-to-nature forest management, the quality, location, composition and distribution of natural forest reserves might have higher impacts on the diversity of species, communities and natural processes than the reserves' extent alone. Strictly speaking, the correct answer about the minimal required surface is directly related to the superior conservation objectives. In addition, the required ratio of forest reserves in relation to the total forest area is influenced by other factors such as the abundance and distribution of forests pirmarily managed for conservation objective, protected forest biotopes and old-growth stands as well as the general standards for an integrative, close-to-nature silviculture. Since concrete, superior objectives for forest biodiversity conservation are still missing in Central Europe, we put the focus of this article on the criteria that influence the conservation-specific impact and quality of strict natural forest reserves. These are amongst others the extent and compactness of a reserve, its habitat continuity and connectivity, the representativeness of forest types, their species composition and biogeographic distribution, a reserve's site heterogeneity and naturalness of its vegetation as well as the abundance of key structures and target species.

Ein beliebter Alleskönner steht unter Druck (Essay)

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (8) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Urs Leugger-Eggimann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Forest Habitats

Pressures on a multi-talented and beloved habitat (essay) Animal and plant species in forest habitats are less threatened than those in other habitats. That is to be welcomed, but is no reason to rest on our laurels in self-satisfaction. This forest success story can be explained by the strict forest protection which exists in Switzerland. This model, which has been a success for over 100 years, is under greater and greater pressure. Some politicians and interest groups want to open the forest to residential development. For Pro Natura, a relaxation of forest protection on the Swiss Plateau is out of the question. The same harmful processes which have been responsible for the dramatic loss of agricultural land would be imported to the forest. The fact is that the increase in total Swiss forest area is entirely limited to the mountainous regions, and does not concern the Plateau. It is important, from an ecological and economic point of view, to use some parts of the forest in a sustainable way. However, it is also essential that other parts of the forest are allowed to follow their natural processes. Pro Natura recommends that 10% of the Swiss forest area should be forest nature reserves by 2030, and 8% special forest reserves. A fifth of the forest area can safely be devoted to conservation of biodiversity, while four fifths can be managed according to sustainability criteria.

scholarly journals Totholzvolumen und -qualität in ausgewählten Schweizer Naturwaldreservaten

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Herrmann ◽  
Malgorzata Conder ◽  
Peter Brang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Decomposition Stages

Deadwood volume and quality in selected swiss natural forest reserves Deadwood is structurally and functionally important for forest ecosystems. To date, there are hardly any data on the amount of deadwood in Swiss natural forests which can serve as reference value for deadwood management in managed forests. In this study, deadwood volumes and qualities (sizes, broadleaf/conifer ratios, decomposition stages) from six natural forest reserves were analysed and compared with data from managed forests as well as from natural and virgin forests. An average of 69 m3/ha with a broadleaf proportion of 66% was calculated for the six reserves. Deadwood volume in relation to the total volume was 12% on average. Overall the volume of lying deadwood was double the volume of standing deadwood. The average proportion of large deadwood (diameter >30 cm) was 48% and was higher in snags (52%) than in lying deadwood (46%). Advanced stages of decomposition made up 53% of the lying deadwood. The volumes, sizes and decomposition stages varied greatly within the reserves. In comparison, in the Swiss forests altogether, there is less deadwood (21.5 m3/ha, 5% of total volume), the deadwood is thinner (35% large deadwood proportion) and less decayed (proportion of advanced stages of decomposition 10%). However, deadwood volumes in the reserves are considerably lower than those in European natural beech forests and beech virgin forests. The investigated reserves are therefore, 40 to 92 years after the last silvicultural intervention, only at the beginning of the process of acquiring a virgin forest character.

Erfolg der Jungwaldpflege im Schweizer Mittelland? Analyse und Folgerungen (Essay)

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (9) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ammann
Keyword(s):  
Stand Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Young Growth

Is young growth tending successful in the Swiss Plateau region? Analysis and implications (essay) The effect of the cost-intensive young growth tending used up to the present in the region of the Swiss Plateau is analysed using different approaches. It is evident that young growth tending is not only ineffective with respect to diameter growth but even hinders stand development. Negative effects on quality from young growth tending are also recognised. This is often due to premature interventions in the natural processes of self-differentiation and subsequent systematic errors in the thinning. Furthermore, the effect of tending measures on the tree species composition is often overestimated because in the first 10 to 20 years of stand development, it is primarily the rejuvenation strategy and the site which are decisive. As an alternative course of action, tending concepts are proposed which rely on biological rationalisation and future tree thinning, to achieve future trees which are as vigorous as possible. These are not only more effective, but are also significantly less expensive.

Mehr Mut zur Wildnis (Essay) | A more courageous attitude to wilderness (essay)

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Adrian Borgula
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Total Forest Area

Where nature protection is concerned, the expert assessment of an environment poses questions about its natural and cultural heritage and its potential, about how representative it may be, about biodiversity in all its facets and about its development or potential threats to its existence. Although the forest was the dominant habitat in the original natural European landscape, for a long time nature protection has devoted too little attention to it. There are diverse threats and deficiencies. However, in the Swiss forests positive developments are discernible. Thus nature protection is one of the basic functions of the forest, nature reserves are being created, the area of the forest is increasing, as are reserves of deadwood, and greater importance is being given to regeneration suited to the site. Nevertheless much remains to be done to really achieve the goal of biodiversity and sus-tainability. For this purpose segregative and integrative measures are required. Since diversity needs surface area, in the first place it must be possible to set aside as forest reserves a quarter of the total forest area, spread over the whole country and preferably as natural forest reserves, in order to start the process of a long-term restoration to the natural state. Here the conservation of natural self-regulating processes supersedes classical nature protection. With a series of further integrative measures, biodiversity must also be promoted over the whole remaining forest area and in the areas of transition to other habitats. An abundance of varied structures is the key to diversity of species. A more courageous attitude to wilderness and “untidiness” when dealing with the forest is to be recommended. Nature experiences in wilderness areas give the population the possibility of discovering diversity and natural processes and encourage respect for the innumerable other species and habitats.

Both forest reserves and managed forests help maintain ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 108206
Author(s):  
Tomasz Leski ◽  
Maria Rudawska ◽  
Marta Kujawska ◽  
Małgorzata Stasińska ◽  
Daniel Janowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Reserves

scholarly journals Patterns and drivers of deadwood volume and composition in different forest types of the Austrian natural forest reserves

2020 ◽  
Vol 463 ◽  
pp. 118016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Oettel ◽  
Katharina Lapin ◽  
Georg Kindermann ◽  
Herfried Steiner ◽  
Karl-Manfred Schweinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Reserves

scholarly journals Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests of a selection structure in the Bieszczady Mountains (southeastern Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaworski ◽  
Z. Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Selection Forest

The characteristics of two beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands are presented in this paper. One, the Tarnicki stand, situated in the Bieszczadzki National Park, represents the growing up stage and selection phase of a forest of primeval character. The other one, the Otryt stand, is situated in managed forests of the Lutowiska Forest District. In each stand two sample plots were established. The distribution of the number of trees in each sample plot agreed with de Liocourt sequence and Meyer curve. Both stands were characterized by the structure of many generations. The Otryt stand, with respective volumes of 238 and 324 m<sup>3</sup>/hain two sample plots, was characterized by a lack of large diameter trees and a high percent of trees of the smallest diameters, while the Tarnicki stand, with volumes of 442 and 517 m<sup>3</sup>/ha, was characterized by the presence of large diameter trees (d<sub>1.3</sub> &ge; 72 cm). The phase of the selection forest in the Tarnicki stand is of temporary character because, due to natural processes, a two-storied structure may develop there, and with time, a one-storied structure in the optimal stage. In the Otryt stand, representing a managed forest, the maintenance of the selection structure may be expected due to selection cuttings. It has to be acknowledged that managed stands of characteristics similar to those presented in this paper makes it possible to carry out selection cutting, especially in the protection zone surrounding the Bieszczadzki National Park.

Le Pic tridactyle (Picoides tridactylus): un indicateur de la qualité écologique de l'écosystème forestier du Pays-d'Enhaut (Préalpes suisses) | The Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus): An Indicator of Ecological Quality in the Forest Ecosystem of the Pays-d'Enhaut Region (Swiss Prealps)

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (8) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Derleth ◽  
Rita Bütler ◽  
Rodolphe Schlaepfer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
European Forests ◽  
The Dead

The three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)was first observed in the region of Pays-d'Enhaut ten years ago and is a great specialist of dead wood. This species is a suitable indicator for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ecological forest quality. The investigation results originating from five spruce mountain forests where the bird is present and three forests where it is assert are inventoried in the Pays-d'Enhaut region of Switzerland. The results suggest that the emergence of the woodpecker population could be due to under-management of the forest over the last forty years. The dead wood volumes in the forest with the woodpecker are similar to those of other unmanaged European forests. Forests situated above 1400 m above sea-level are recommended to be considered as ‹forest reserves›, whereas in managed forests up to an altitude of 1400 m, all trees with woodpecker's beakmarks and all snags with DBH over 30 cm should be left.

Das schweizerische Mittelland und seine Biodiversität (Essay) | The Swiss plateau and its biodiversity

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario F. Broggi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Areas

When it comes to preserving biodiversity, agriculture and forestry play a key role. The National Science Foundation study published in 1989 on «Minimum requirements of semi-natural areas within the cultural landscape»identified considerable deficiencies for species diversity in the Swiss plateau. The agricultural policy reform introduced in the 1990’s should have met those concerns more directly. Despite new measures such as direct payments and despite high financial investments, during the last several years species diversity within the favored agricultural areas has hardly increased and the Swiss plateau has stayed a species-poor region. However, regarding the forest, conditions within the Swiss plateau are considered to be more favorable. The forest owners and forest enterprises are operating in public areas which, to a certain degree,put constraints on the intensity of management. For the forest, the deficits of highest concern are the insufficient establishment of forest reserves, the lack of diverse structures and the deficiencies of old growth and deadwood. Recently, the request for timber has increased rapidly. In order that the biodiversity does not lose its qualities, ecological standards for forest management are to be defined. The author recommends the development and implementation of an action plan for a national biodiversity strategy which covers the entire living space.

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