Globale Walderhaltung und -bewirtschaftung und ihre Finanzierung: eine Bestandesaufnahme | Global forest conservation and management and its financing: an appraisal

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Jürgen Blaser ◽  
Christian Küchli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Protection

Around one third of the earth's surface is under forest cover which is distributed more or less equally between industrialised and developing countries. Whereas forest areas in the temperate and boreal climate zones are more or less stable or on the increase, the scale of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics remains dramatic. This situation is likely to continue in the decades to come because the world's ever-growing population needs new agricultural land and the pressure on resources (forest products, land, water, minerals) continues to increase as a result of globalisation and global change. Moreover, sustainable forest management has not yet become standard practice in many southern countries because forest management can rarely compete with other forms of land use in terms of economic returns. The protection and sustainable management of forest resources is basically the responsibility of each individual country and cannot be regulated and financed globally. However, enormous financial resources, i.e. on a scale of tens of billions of Swiss francs per year, are required for the introduction of comprehensive land-use planning in developing countries incorporating suitable protection of natural forests and sustainable forest management. New approaches for the valorisation of services provided by forests such as carbon sinks (e.g. REDD+) offer significant potential for improving forest protection and sustainable forest management. It augurs well that the economic internalisation of the forest and its services is in full swing at global level and that, based on the REDD+ resolutions passed at the last climate conference in Cancún, many countries have opted for the path of forest conservation and sustainable forest management.

scholarly journals Mapping of Forest Plantation in Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Using IKONOS Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Kotresha K. ◽  
Indra Jit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest

The forests are the source for many essential requirements such as fuel wood, timber, raw materials for paper and above all, it helps us to maintain the CO2 /O2 balance in nature. Sustainable forest management requires reliable information. The aerial photographs and GIS data information can generate various scenarios for forest management plans at local, national and global scales. IKONOS is the world first one-meter resolution commercial imaging satellite. The interpretation of aerial photograph and satellite data are of great benefit for neighboring and regional land use, forest mapping, to find change detection and are effective for large are inventories, forest planning etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to classify the FRI forest in to 11-forest cover and land use classes. The major chunk of forest consists of Pine forest, which occupy 94.04 ha and 143.20 ha of the total forest area during 1973 and 2001, respectively. It is followed by mixed forest with 53.31 ha (1973) and 5.50 ha (2001), and Teak with 17.68 ha (1973) and 8.49 ha (2001). The Sal forest showed an increase in forest cover from 4.83 ha (1973) to 5.39 ha (2001). Similarly Eucalyptus forest showed a forest cover of 1.84 ha in 2001, which was not seen in the year 1973. The constructions also showed an increase from 3.14 ha in 1973 to 24.68 ha in 2001 and in case of nursery and miscellaneous (scrub), there has been increasing in total forest cover. The IKONOS image of 2001 surprisingly showed no change in Champa forest cover. Decrease in forest cover of Teak, Sal and Mixed forest must have been due to felling of trees for logging purposes and their forest cover might have been replaced by scrub vegetation (miscellaneous) , construction, Eucalyptus plantation and nursery. The results of the present project showed changes in terms of area coverage by the forest types, which helps us to assess future prospects of the forestland use pattern.

Outdoor recreation participation in BC forest-dependent communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
H W Harshaw
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Social License ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Recreation Participation ◽  
Recreation Use ◽  
Forest Managers

Understanding recreation behaviour can help forest managers identify public uses of forests and gauge the extent of recreation use. This paper documents recreation behaviour in nine forest-dependent communities in British Columbia and examines three questions: (1) is outdoor recreation relevant to local residents?; (2) what are the characteristics of outdoor recreation participation?; and (3) are local residents satisfied with outdoor recreation forest management outcomes and land-use planning processes? Involvement in recreation activities was varied and longstanding. Non-motorized and motorized recreation played important roles as people’s main connection to forests. Knowing about recreationists’ satisfaction with land-use planning outcomes can help forest managers assess their success in meeting land-use objectives, and may help alleviate uncertainties in forest planning and management by reducing conflict, improving quality-of-life, and contributing to the social license of forestry activities. Key words: forest recreation; sustainable forest management; recreation participation

Die Wald-Holz-Option, eine Brücke zwischen Klimapolitik und Wirtschaft – zehn Thesen | The forest/wood option: a bridge between climate politics and the economy - ten theses

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 480-488
Author(s):  
Albrecht Bemmann ◽  
Karl Peter Hasenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Carbon Reservoir

Since the beginning of industrialisation the CO2 content in the Earth's atmosphere has increased from approx. 280 ppmv to approx. 370 ppmv today. Despite all national measures and international agreements to reduce them, CO2 emissions will roughly double over the coming decades (carbon emissions:5.6 billion tonnes in 1990; 12.0 billion tonnes in 2050). The forest/wood option has six components: • Avoiding CO2 emissions with forest protection measures • Priority protection for natural forests that represent important carbon reservoirs. • Increase of the fixation of carbon in forest ecological systems and wood products • Increase in biomass and therefore the carbon reservoir via sustainable forest management; • Creation of CO2 sinks by afforesting deforested areas, as well as the regeneration of partially cleared or degraded forests; the creation of nurseries on agricultural land; • By creating sustainable yield the carbon reservoir of the forest can be extended for the duration of its use via wood products (product – reservoir). • Lowering CO2 emissions by substitution • Energetic use of wood from sustainable forest management instead of fossil fuels avoids additional CO2 emissions,as the CO2 released from wood is recaptured and embedded in the biomass; • Use of wood instead of energy intensive materials such as steel, aluminium, cement or stone, avoids CO2 emissions. Taking natural and socio-economic conditions into account the possibilities of the forest/wood option can be implemented in a number countries. Flat, open regions with some forest stands are the best locations for afforestation, which, owing to their socio-economic circumstances, provide suitable conditions for sustainable forest management. The more than two hundred years experience with sustainable forest management and use of wood gained by European foresters and forest scientists should be made available to countries outside Europe for the implementation of the forest/wood option.

Is market-oriented forest conservation a contradiction in terms?

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLYN CROOK ◽  
ROGER ALEX CLAPP
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Natural Forest Management

The destruction of forest ecosystems appears economically rational because many of the values of intact ecosystems are not recognized in land-use decisions. Many authors have suggested that the conservation of intact ecosystems requires that markets be extended to increase economic benefits derived from the standing forest to the point where they out-compete alternative, destructive land-uses. Three such strategies for market-oriented forest conservation are natural forest management for high-value timber, the collection of non-timber forest products, and biodiversity prospecting. In each case the proposed use of the ecosystem is likely to prove socially and economically unsustainable, or to generate significant alterations in ecosystem structure which endanger its diversity, or both. The success of market-oriented conservation requires that sustainable extraction of useful organisms over the long term yields more profit than destructive activities. The market-oriented conservation strategies examined, however, appear to yield too little profit to out-perform alternatives such as agricultural production or the replacement of forests by pastures or plantations. In each case, key factors limit profits. The slow growth rates of natural forests combined with discounting hinders natural forest management. In the case of non-timber forest products, the typically low density of resources in tropical forests creates disincentives for sustainable commercial production. The profitability of biodiversity prospecting is undermined by the low probability of discovering species with medicinal properties and developing countries' inability to capture the information value of the genetic content of species. Furthermore, each of the three strategies also has potentially negative ecological impacts. In the drive to increase profits, each is likely to degrade ecosystems through over-exploitation of the resource, and prompt simplification of the ecosystem through forest management designed to increase the density of profitable species. Ultimately, such activities are likely to lead to the loss of biodiversity.Several conditions must be met for market-oriented conservation to be effective. Scientific understanding of forest ecosystems, and the ecological knowledge of both users and regulators must be sufficiently advanced to allow appropriate management regimes to be designed to assure maintenance of the forest ecosystem despite alterations caused by resource harvesting. The natural reproduction rate of the harvested resource must also be sufficiently rapid to justify leaving most of the resource undisturbed to guarantee its reproduction. Furthermore, the resource must be more cheaply and reliably produced in a natural forest than in a plantation, than by a synthetic substitute, or replacement through domestication. Finally, even where ecological and economic conditions support market-oriented conservation, those making land-use decisions must be in a position to benefit from the sustainable harvest of forest resources. If they are unable to enforce exclusive rights to the forests, the conservation effect of market-oriented strategies is likely to prove elusive.Nevertheless, strategies for market-oriented forest conservation are a vital component of efforts to conserve biodiversity, and they must be improved to harness their full conservation potential. Resource management regulations, strong enforcement, and stable and secure property rights are essential preconditions. In addition, land-use planning should identify ecosystems with lower biological diversity where marketable products are concentrated at economic densities. Areas of high biological diversity will require non-market mechanisms to ensure their protection. In this context, there is no substitute for fully protected areas, and their expansion is vital.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF KPH POLICIES WITHIN INDIGENOUS AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF BURU ISLAND, MOLUCCAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthina Tjoa ◽  
Iskar Bone ◽  
HENDRIK STEVEN E.S.APONNO ◽  
Agustinus Kastanya ◽  
Ida Aju Resosudarmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry

For centuries, many indigenous peoples across the archipelago have adopted customary agroforestry practices that are evidently sustainable. Forest Management Units (FMUs) or KPHs, intended to improve forest management at the ground level therefore, need to adopt policies that can align with, complement and strengthen existing local land-use systems. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding on how KPH policies, those with direct implications on the ground, can be aligned with indigenous peoples' traditional agroforestry systems of Buru. We used a qualitative descriptive approach based on in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions with indigenous groups of Buru.Results show that the indigenous peoples of Buru have and continue to follow a set of norms and rules in their forest land management practices: lands are utilized to plant various agricultural commodities that are combined with forest species which are left to grow naturally upon clearing land for agriculture or in establishing gardens. There are also norms and rules in establishing fields and gardens, starting from clearing of the land, to maintenance, to harvest. Every family in villages own fields and gardens, making them a vital part of community life. KPH policy of land use at the site level requires an understanding of how rules of resource use can be made compatible with and support community needs. In the operationalization of KPH, indigenous peoples’ rights to regulate the use of forest land, access to forest land use, and use of forest products need to be accommodated so that these communities continue to benefit from activities on their land.

The business of Criteria and Indicators in Sustainable Forest Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jeakins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Day To Day Operations

While forest companies in British Columbia have been active in the development and implementation of Criteria and Indicators (C&I) in planning for sustainable forest management, in many cases they are not yet considered to be a core business function. A business case for C&I means going beyond the current paradigm of meeting legislative requirements and identifying C&I for sustainable forest management strictly within the context of certification. Without a comprehensive business case that articulates how C&I programs affect a company's position in the market place in terms of measurable benefits, costs and exposure to risk, activities essential to sustaining the broad range of forestry-related socio-economic and ecological values may not get the prioritization and resources needed. Quantifying costs and benefits will help define how forest companies will most effectively meet their sustainable forest management objectives and identify opportunities for partnerships with government, First Nations, stakeholders and other companies in the collective management of the forest resource. Although some companies have begun to develop approaches to the business case for C&I, more work is needed in integrating the objectives and activities of SFM planning into the basic day-to-day operations of a company as well as providing training to resource managers to communicate in the language of business. Government should adopt and encourage a C&I business case approach to forest resource management by developing strong links to legislative and land use planning requirements. Key words: Criteria and Indicators, business case, sustainable forest management, certification, land use planning, forest industry

Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Solomon Jeremiah Sembosi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

scholarly journals An Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Approach to Agricultural Land-Use Planning

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Sahar Shahpari ◽  
Janelle Allison ◽  
Matthew Tom Harrison ◽  
Roger Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Crop Selection ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Farmer Decision Making

Agricultural land-use change is a dynamic process that varies as a function of social, economic and environmental factors spanning from the local to the global scale. The cumulative regional impacts of these factors on land use adoption decisions by farmers are neither well accounted for nor reflected in agricultural land use planning. We present an innovative spatially explicit agent-based modelling approach (Crop GIS-ABM) that accounts for factors involved in farmer decision making on new irrigation adoption to enable land-use predictions and exploration. The model was designed using a participatory approach, capturing stakeholder insights in a conceptual model of farmer decisions. We demonstrate a case study of the factors influencing the uptake of new irrigation infrastructure and land use in Tasmania, Australia. The model demonstrates how irrigated land-use expansion promotes the diffusion of alternative crops in the region, as well as how coupled social, biophysical and environmental conditions play an important role in crop selection. Our study shows that agricultural land use reflected the evolution of multiple simultaneous interacting biophysical and socio-economic drivers, including soil and climate type, crop and commodity prices, and the accumulated effects of interactive decisions of farmers.

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