Koncepcja nauczania i wychowania we wczesnochrześcijańskiej szkole Orygenesa

Throughout the history, teachers have played a crucial and missionary role in the preparation of generations as citizens of the future. Gratitude on teachers is definitely a patriotic obligation to them.In Albania, due to different historical, geographical and economic factors, teachers have worked and lived in difficult conditions. This is not only in the long periods of foreign conquests and in the period of the National Renaissance but also after the victory of Independence and the creation of an independent Albanian state.Most of them, as true missionaries, regardless of the conditions, devoted themselves to that noble silence, worked without a self-propelled for the nation, which always required renaissance. With and without appropriate school facilities, with difficult general conditions, with or without texts, with a lack of teaching resources, without guaranteed livelihoods, served in an exemplary manner to teach new generations the writing of Albanian language and to cultivate to the student knowledge and how to love their country.But when does the formation of teachers in Albania have the most significant institutional beginnings or developments?Through this paper I tried to bring into attention the decisions of the Congress of Elbasan in 1909 as the first Albanian Pedagogical Congress whose primary task was the opening of a Pedagogical School. This school would served in the institutionally studied preparation of teachers whose job at that time was a national emergency for the development of the Albanian nation. This school was set up to open in the city of Elbasan.Elbasan, a city of Middle Albania, has been described as the cradle of the Normal School. Alongside the economic and social development, Elbasan was also acclaimed for his cultural and educational development, especially in the period of the National Renaissance.Of great importance in the formation of students there is the patriotic spirit of the Renaissance, which was always alive and powerful among Normale's teachers.Patriotic education of students remained as primary target in the field of general formation. Albania's Albanian language (literature, history, and geography) was developed at the highest possible level of time. Since its beginning, Normal School was not seen simply as a high school, but as an educational institution that represented the dignity of the nation, which would radiate the light of Albanian knowledge. Opening Normale School was not a matter of knowledge but also patriotism.

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Public Penance of Heretics: its Forms and Functions

Roczniki Humanistyczne ◽

10.18290/rh.2018.66.2-4se ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (2 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽

pp. 57-77

Author(s):

Paweł Kras

Keyword(s):

Canon Law ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Local Community ◽

The Public ◽

Early Christian ◽

Moral Conduct ◽

Medieval Church ◽

Polish Version ◽

Set Up ◽

Source Of Information

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 2. The article discusses the origins of public penance for heresy in the early Christian tradition as well as examining its application in the penitential practice of the medieval Church. It demonstrates how public penance for mortal sins, which took shape in Late Antiquity, was later adopted and developed within the system of Medieval Inquisition. In the medieval collections of canon law, heresy was qualified as a religious crime which required special public penance. Following the guidelines set up in the ancient Church, any heretic who declared his or her intention to renounce their wrongs was to be interrogated by a bishop, who would grant them absolution of sins and prescribed due penance. An important aspect of penance for heresy was public solemn penitence, which took place on Sundays and feast days and included a number of rituals. The penitent heretic had to appear in a special garment with his or her hair cut off and barefoot. The ritual of solemn public penitence for mortal sins was formed in Late Antiquity and as such was later incorporated into medieval pontificals. The rise of Medieval Inquisition, which was used as an efficient weapon against popular heresy, stimulated the development of penitential discipline for heretics. Papal Inquisitors, who came to be appointed as extraordinary judges in heresy trials since the 1230s, were particularly inventive in the way how public penance might be employed to fight heretics. Medieval registers of heresy trials, carried out by Papal Inquisitors and bishops, are still the main source of information about penalties imposed on heretics who were sentenced for their errors. The public announcement of a sentence and penalty was the final act of the inquisitorial procedure. The charter of penalties (littera penitentialis), which was first read publicly and later handed over to the penitent heretic, listed various forms of penitence which he had to fulfil. In the inquisitorial strategy of penance, which started to be used in the first half of the thirteenth century, a solemn public penitence of heretics became commonplace. The inquisitorial registers and manuals for inquisitors described in detail the ritual of public penance and its functions. The penance imposed on heretics offered them a chance to repent publicly for their public crimes and to give satisfaction to society which had been disturbed by their deeds. That is why solemn public penance usually took place in a cathedral or central market square on feast days to be attended and witnessed by the local community. Through his special appearance and penitential garment with two cross signs, the heretic was highly visible and could not be anonymous. The whole society was responsible for supervising the penance of heretics and controlling their religious and moral conduct. Any act of religious transgression or misconduct was to be reported to the ecclesiastical authorities. Of course, public penitence was aimed at teaching a lesson to all the faithful and preventing them from falling into heresy.

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Inception to Dissolution

Journal of Cases on Information Technology ◽

10.4018/jcit.2012070103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 35-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamna Malik

Keyword(s):

Educational Institution ◽

Project Planning ◽

First Year ◽

Management Support ◽

Faculty Involvement ◽

Technology Infrastructure ◽

Learning Space ◽

Brick And Mortar ◽

E Learning ◽

Set Up

Literature provides many success and failure stories of technology adoption in business that are often analyzed and discussed in the classrooms. However, when it comes to actual implementation, even academic institutions seem to be committing the same mistakes. This case presents the plan, action, and challenges involved in the e-learning initiative of a newly established institute of higher learning in India. The Institute under discussion partnered with a European university to bring in international standard of education. Its plan was to adopt technology for all its regular courses as well as to launch a fully online Master’s degree within the first year of its operation. A team was gathered to set up e-learning in the Institute, which worked with full enthusiasm during the initial months. However, lack of vision and top management support, absence of institutionalized agenda, skeletal team structure and coordination, weak project planning, technology infrastructure, as well as lack of faculty involvement, became the bottlenecks for the e-learning adoption. Gradually, the team got scattered and there after the whole initiative was shattered. The case brings out the critical situations and factors that a brick and mortar educational institution needs to manage when moving on to the e-learning space.

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Clinical learning environment in government and private hospitals in relation to gender in Karachi, Pakistan - a comparative study

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v4n2p9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Sharmeen Amin ◽

Zafeer Ahmed Yazdani ◽

Ghazala Usman

Keyword(s):

Learning Environment ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Clinical Learning Environment ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Hands On ◽

Set Up

Introduction: Background: The Medical Education has two most essential basis, sound theoretical knowledge and proficient clinical skills. Both of these factors depend on an efficient method of teaching in a proper clinical set-up. So that the medical students get most of the benefit out of it by learning and developing their clinical skills. Objective: The main objectives of this study are to determine the presence of difference in the learning environment in government and private hospitals of Karachi and to determine whether there is any biasness present in these systems on the basis of gender of students.Methods: Four renowned university hospitals were selected: two private and two government-based. 150 samples were collected from each university by a self-administered questionnaire. The analysis has been performed using SPSS 20 and the results are presented using chi square.Results: The study established that there is a striking difference between the learning environment in these clinical set-ups based on the theoretical knowledge of the students, the proper schedule of classes, hands on experience gained in the ward, new knowledge gained at the end of a wards rotation, doctors’ interaction with the students and the students’ motivation. This was represented by the 2 = 10.173 and p .00001. MG = 5.73 with a SD = 1.815 while MP = 6.76 with a SD = 1.883 (M = mean, G = Government hospital environment, P = Private hospital environment). According to the study there is no difference in treatment of the students on the basis of gender represented by the 2= 3.168 and a p is between .05 and .1.Conclusions: The private hospitals provide a sound theoretical knowledge to the students they lack the provision of optimum opportunities for the students to develop their clinical skills in comparison with government hospitals. It is however recommendable that both the systems lack any biasedness among the students on the basis of gender.

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Professionalizing the Imam in Europe: Imam Training Programs as Sites of Deliberative Engagement

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12050308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Welmoet Boender

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Training Programs ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Religious Leaders ◽

Community Based ◽

The Public ◽

Set Up ◽

A Site ◽

Insight Into

This article discusses the first experiences of a supplementary imam training program that has been designed in the Netherlands for community-based imams, female religious leaders and mosque committee members. This “Professionalization of Imams in the Netherlands” program (PIN) was set up as a cooperation of the Representative Council of Muslims (CMO) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, supported by state-subsidy. The article discusses how the initiators maneuvered within and beyond the politicized burden of expectation that has surrounded the establishment of European-based imam training programs for decades now. The article provides a unique insight into the program’s design, its collaborative partners and participants’ experiences, understanding the program as a site of deliberative engagement. It shows how the stakeholders ideally see ownership of the curriculum and trainee recruitment as a shared responsibility for the Muslim community and the public educational institution, whereas the state is willing to finance it. The article outlines how in this attempt the stakeholders must deal with some paradoxical dynamics that influence this notion of “shared ownership”. Sharing these analytical observations and recommendations will hopefully help stakeholders involved in setting up similar European programs to make rational decisions on content and format of (future) supplementary programs, within and beyond fields of power, authority and interest.

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Karakter Pendidikan untuk Membentuk Pendidikan Karakter

Nadwa ◽

10.21580/nw.2012.6.2.586 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Abdul Jalil

Keyword(s):

Educational Institution ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Educational Process ◽

Educational Management ◽

Management Measures ◽

Set Up ◽

Evaluation And Monitoring ◽

Indicators Of Success ◽

The Waves

Existence of madrasa over time increasingly eroded by the waves 'leveling' on behalf of accreditation. As an initiative to defend against scour vision of civiliza-tion, educational institution of Qudsiyyah finally returned to khittah to establish Ma'had Qudsiyyah in Kudus which concentrates on aspects of ulu>mul fiqh. Goals to be achieved is a man of character formation intact (al-Kaun al-jami>') and the balance between mind and heart, body and spirit, skill and character, as well as cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Ma'had Qudsiyyah have set up processes and educational management that reflects management measures, implementation strategies, readiness of human resources of education and edu-cation, indicators of success of the program, design a comprehensive program contains content and contextual analysis of the educational process, technical evaluation and monitoring programs and policy formulation. AbstrakEksistensi madrasah dari waktu ke waktu semakin tergerus oleh gelombang ‘penyamarataan’ atas nama akreditasi. Sebagai ikhtiar untuk mempertahankan visinya melawan gerusan peradaban, lembaga pendidikan Qudsiyyah akhirnya kembali ke khittah dengan mendirikan Ma’had Qudsiyyah Menara Kudus yang berkonsentrasi pada aspek ulu>mul fiqh. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai adalah terbentuknya manusia yang berkarakter utuh (al-kaun al-jami>’) dan seimbang antara akal dan hati, jasmani dan rohani, keterampilan dan akhlak, serta kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik. Ma’had Qudsiyyah telah menyiapkan proses dan ma-najemen pendidikan yang mencerminkan langkah-langkah pengelolaan, strategi implementasi, kesiapan SDM pendidikan dan kependidikan, indikator-indikator keberhasilan program, desain program yang komprehensif berisikan muatan dan analisis kontekstual proses pendidikan, teknik evaluasi program dan pengawasan dan formulasi kebijakan.

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INCREASING OF THE STUDY PROCESS ORGANIZATION EFFICIENCY IN MILITARIZED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v6.1221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 609-615

Author(s):

Alens Indriksons

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Professional Training ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Training System ◽

The State ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

Practical Skills ◽

Study Process ◽

General Education Courses ◽

Education Courses

The correct organization of the study process serves as a basis for the development of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in students. The present paper explores the specificity of the study process organization in the militarized educational institution with hierarchy, discipline and one way communication. Therefore, the study process and pedagogical work is diverted into a second place, thereby reducing their effectiveness. The aim of the research is to perform a study of the professional training system of border guards to detect the factors that influence the training system and to determine the possibilities to improve and increase the organization and efficiency of the study process in the State Border Guard College. In order to explore the possibilities to increase the organization and efficiency of the study process, questionnaires for the teachers were created and factors that influence the professional training system of border guards were detected. The author brought forward the conclusion that increasing the organization and efficiency of the study process in militarized educational institution is not possible without correct and planned organization of the study process, giving priority to the study process, reducing the involvement of the students in internal service duties, and applying "subject-subject" communication in the implementation of professional and general education courses.

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PEDAGOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM TO ASSESS HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS STUDENTS� READINESS TO CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Standards and Monitoring in Education ◽

10.12737/1458 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

�� ◽

Nina Lezhneva

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Professional Education ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

Self Development ◽

Professional Self ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Set Up ◽

Support Students

The author shares her own practical ideas of how to set up monitoring system to assess and correct the students� readiness for continuous professional education. Theoretical basics of such monitoring system and details of its establishment in higher educational institutions are defined. Among the main features of monitoring system are highlighted: the object, the subject, goals, main requirements and informational framework. Conceptually monitoring is based on the model of higher educational institution graduate, where the graduate continues his professional education. It is accepted that the model has value-motivational, cognitive, reflexive and activity components, which serve as initial metrics for the monitoring system designing. Various functions of monitoring system are revealed, including constructive and indicative, information and analytical, integration, research and strategic planning. In addition to a set of principles, traditional for monitoring systems designing and implementing, the author provides the rationale for the humanization principle, which makes it possible to treat monitoring system as a means to support students� professional and personality self-development, professional self-determination and self-fulfillment. Peculiarities of monitoring at different stages of students� readiness to continuous education (adaptive-and diagnostic, prospective-and-developmental, reflexive-and-regulatory) are described.

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Conveyor belt experiment setup for programmable logic controller education

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720920958134 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002072092095813

Author(s):

Cengiz Tepe ◽

Abidin Sefa Aslan ◽

İlyas Eminoğlu

Keyword(s):

Programming Language ◽

Low Cost ◽

Real Life ◽

Programmable Logic Controller ◽

Conveyor Belt ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

Programmable Logic ◽

Control Laboratory ◽

Graphical Programming ◽

Set Up

Programmable logic controllers (PLC) have been one of the most widely used controllers in industry. They have a graphical programming language interface resambling the relay panels which they are intended to replace so that the transition from relay panels might be swift and smooth. Although learning this programming language is easy, real life experiments are essential for students to gain greater understanding of the logic behind the language. However, it is generally too expensive to provide an experimental set-up for students to test their theoretical knowledge. For this reason, a conveyor and feeder system was developed as a low cost 3D printable design using a CAD program and implemented for use in a control laboratory. Using this conveyor set-up, students can experience how to program a practical example of a PLC devices used in industry together with an introduction to actuators and sensors. Reading actual sensors and using actuators via the inputs and outputs of a PLC to control a real life system will be far more effective than simulator alternatives.

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Peranan Baitulmal dalam Pendidikan Asnaf: Kajian di Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan

Journal of Fatwa Management and Research ◽

10.33102/jfatwa.vol11no1.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Azman Ab Rahmani

Keyword(s):

Educational Institution ◽

Education Institution ◽

Living Standards ◽

Institutions Of Higher Education ◽

Human Capital Development ◽

Economic Survival ◽

New Form ◽

Set Up ◽

Capital Development

Abstract Education is an important element in human capital development and individual economic survival. One of the poverty factor in which people are failing to get proper education. As an institution that manages funds for charity, Baitulmal, Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP) seeks to ensure that development can be achieved so that recipients are able to remove themselves from proverty. Questioned arise about the role played by Baitulmal MAIWP in an effort to improve the living standards of recipients through education and schemes are offered to the recipients in order to achieve those objectives. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the schemes prepared by the Baitulmal MAIWP within the framework of the development of education in the Federal Territory as well as view and evaluate such schemes have either been fulfilled or complete all the elements required by recipients to ensure the success and development of their education at the same time propose a new scheme that may be considered. Research methodology in this study is a qualitative study, which is documented using deductive and inductive refered to manuals and zakat’s report. The study found that Baitulmal MAIWP has implemented various initiatives in offering assistance to recipients through schemes such as educational aid for institutions of higher education phase, general scholarships for outstanding students of special incentives and others. However, the study found that there is an area for improvements and propose a new form of distribution to the recipients to set up an educational institution that is fully funded through zakat funds to prevent dropout of education among the recipients. It is expected that this study can give the impression of a new form of zakat management. Follow-up studies should be conducted primarily to identify the constraints or problems that may be encountered in the success of the establishment of the recipients of this education institution. Keyword(s): Scheme, Zakat, Asnaf, Education, Baitulmal Abstrak Pendidikan merupakan sebuah elemen penting dalam pembangunan modal insan dan kemandirian ekonomi seseorang individu. Salah satu faktor kemiskinan yang melanda masyarakat adalah kerana gagal mendapatkan pendidikan yang sempurna. Sebagai sebuah institusi yang menguruskan dana zakat, Baitulmal, Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP) berusaha untuk memastikan pembangunan asnaf dapat dicapai sehingga mampu mengeluarkan diri mereka daripada kepompong kemiskinan. Timbul persoalan mengenai peranan yang dimainkan oleh Baitulmal MAIWP dalam usaha mempertingkat taraf hidup asnaf melalui aspek pendidikan dan skim-skim yang ditawarkan kepada asnaf bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti bentuk skim-skim agihan yang disediakan oleh Baitulmal MAIWP dalam rangka pembangunan pendidikan di Wilayah Persekutuan di samping melihat dan menilai skim-skim tersebut sama ada telah menepati atau melengkapi kesemua elemen yang diperlukan oleh asnaf bagi menjamin keberhasilan dan perkembangan pendidikan mereka sekali gus mencadangkan sebuah skim baharu yang boleh dipertimbangkan. Metodologi penyelidikan dalam kajian ini adalah secara kualitatif yang merupakan kajian dokumentasi yang menggunakan kaedah deduktif dan induktif dengan merujuk manual dan laporan zakat. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Baitulmal MAIWP telah pun melaksanakan pelbagai inisiatif dalam menawarkan bantuan kepada asnaf melalui skim-skim bantuan seperti bantuan am pelajaran IPT, bantuan am biasiswa insentif khas pelajar cemerlang, bantuan am persekolahan dan lain-lain. Namun, kajian mendapati terdapat ruang penambahbaikan dan mencadangkan sebuah bentuk agihan yang baharu dengan menubuhkan sebuah institusi pendidikan asnaf yang dibiayai sepenuhnya melalui dana zakat bagi mengelakkan berlakunya keciciran pendidikan di kalangan asnaf. Diharapkan kajian ini mampu memberikan gambaran terhadap bentuk pengurusan zakat yang baharu. Kajian susulan perlu dijalankan terutamanya untuk mengenal pasti kekangan atau masalah yang mungkin dihadapi dalam menjayakan penubuhan institusi pendidikan asnaf ini. Kata Kunci : Skim, Zakat, Asnaf, Pendidikan, Baitulmal

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