scholarly journals Distinguishing Extravascular from Intravascular Ferumoxytol Pools within the Brain: Proof of Concept in Patients with Treated Glioblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200
Author(s):  
R.F. Barajas ◽  
D. Schwartz ◽  
H.L. McConnell ◽  
C.N. Kersch ◽  
X. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
The Brain

Normal saline as a natural intravascular contrast agent for dynamic perfusion-weighted MRI of the brain: Proof of concept at 1.5T

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1580-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Jara ◽  
Asim Mian ◽  
Osamu Sakai ◽  
Stephan W. Anderson ◽  
Mitchel J. Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Intravascular Contrast Agent ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Inside/outside the brain binary cavitation localization based on the lowpass filter effect of the skull on the harmonic content: a proof of concept study

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (13) ◽  
pp. 135012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Maimbourg ◽  
Alexandre Houdouin ◽  
Mathieu Santin ◽  
Stéphane Lehericy ◽  
Mickael Tanter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Filter Effect ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Fast and Robust Learning by Reinforcement Signals: Explorations in the Insect Brain

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2123-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Huerta ◽  
Thomas Nowotny
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Robust Learning ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
The Brain

We propose a model for pattern recognition in the insect brain. Departing from a well-known body of knowledge about the insect brain, we investigate which of the potentially present features may be useful to learn input patterns rapidly and in a stable manner. The plasticity underlying pattern recognition is situated in the insect mushroom bodies and requires an error signal to associate the stimulus with a proper response. As a proof of concept, we used our model insect brain to classify the well-known MNIST database of handwritten digits, a popular benchmark for classifiers. We show that the structural organization of the insect brain appears to be suitable for both fast learning of new stimuli and reasonable performance in stationary conditions. Furthermore, it is extremely robust to damage to the brain structures involved in sensory processing. Finally, we suggest that spatiotemporal dynamics can improve the level of confidence in a classification decision. The proposed approach allows testing the effect of hypothesized mechanisms rather than speculating on their benefit for system performance or confidence in its responses.

An argumentative reconstruction of the computer metaphor of the brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bilstrup Finsen ◽  
Gerard J. Steen ◽  
Jean H. M. Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Explanatory Hypothesis ◽  
Argumentation Structure ◽  
Computer Metaphor ◽  
Computational Paradigm ◽  
Complex Argumentation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The computer metaphor of the brain is frequently criticized by scientists and philosophers outside the computational paradigm. Proponents of the metaphor may then seek to defend its explanatory merits, in which case the metaphor functions as a standpoint. Insofar as previous research in argumentation theory has treated metaphors either as presentational devices or arguments by analogy, this points to hitherto unexplored aspects of how metaphors may function in argumentative discourse. We start from the assumption that the computer metaphor of the brain constitutes an explanatory hypothesis and set out to reconstruct it as a standpoint defended by a complex argumentation structure: abduction supported by analogy. We then provide three examples of real arguments conforming to our theoretically motivated construction. We conclude that our study obtains proof-of-concept but that more research is needed in order to further clarify the relationship between our theoretical construct and the complexities of empirical reality.

scholarly journals PLGA-PEG-ANG-2 Nanoparticles for Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing: Proof-of-Concept Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina P. Hoyos-Ceballos ◽  
Barbara Ruozi ◽  
Ilaria Ottonelli ◽  
Federica Da Ros ◽  
Maria Angela Vandelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Research Challenge ◽  
The Brain

The treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) represents a great research challenge due to the restriction imposed by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to allow the passage of drugs into the brain. However, the use of modified nanomedicines engineered with different ligands that can be recognized by receptors expressed in the BBB offers a favorable alternative for this purpose. In this work, a BBB-penetrating peptide, angiopep-2 (Ang–2), was conjugated to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles through pre- and post-formulation strategies. Then, their ability to cross the BBB was qualitatively assessed on an animal model. Proof-of-concept studies with fluorescent and confocal microscopy studies highlighted that the brain-targeted PLGA nanoparticles were able to cross the BBB and accumulated in neuronal cells, thus showing a promising brain drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Hybrid Systems to Boost EEG-Based Real-Time Action Decoding in Car Driving Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vecchiato
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Real World ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Car Driving ◽  
The Brain

The complexity of concurrent cerebral processes underlying driving makes such human behavior one of the most studied real-world activities in neuroergonomics. Several attempts have been made to decode, both offline and online, cerebral activity during car driving with the ultimate goal to develop brain-based systems for assistive devices. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the cornerstone of these studies providing the highest temporal resolution to track those cerebral processes underlying overt behavior. Particularly when investigating real-world scenarios as driving, EEG is constrained by factors such as robustness, comfortability, and high data variability affecting the decoding performance. Hence, additional peripheral signals can be combined with EEG for increasing replicability and the overall performance of the brain-based action decoder. In this regard, hybrid systems have been proposed for the detection of braking and steering actions in driving scenarios to improve the predictive power of the single neurophysiological measurement. These recent results represent a proof of concept of the level of technological maturity. They may pave the way for increasing the predictive power of peripheral signals, such as electroculogram (EOG) and electromyography (EMG), collected in real-world scenarios when informed by EEG measurements, even if collected only offline in standard laboratory settings. The promising usability of such hybrid systems should be further investigated in other domains of neuroergonomics.

scholarly journals Concept, development and evaluation of a mind action game with the electro encephalograms as an auxiliary input

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mark Joselli ◽  
Fabio Binder ◽  
Esteban Clua ◽  
Eduardo Soluri
Keyword(s):  
Concept Development ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Touch Input ◽  
Attention Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Auxiliary Input

Games are interactive applications that require input devices in order to send messages for the interaction. Normally this input devices are mouse, keyboards and joysticks. Lately, this input has been done in different ways, such as voice, touch and movement with new input devices. One type of input that has not been very explored is the use of the brain waves as a input for the game. While in past these devices where expensive, nowadays Brain Computer Interface (BCI) have become accessible, cheap and can be acquired with nonintrusive top off-the-shelf products, which can create a new paradigm of interaction for games. This work presents a novel architecture and framework that can help the development of games with both BCI and traditional interfaces. As a proof of concept, this paper shows the experience in designing and developing a game prototype using the framework and EEG brainwaves as one of the players input. The game is an action slice game, similar to Fruit Ninja, called MindNinja. This game differ form most BCI game, since it is based on an action game, using touch input where the BCI is used as an auxiliary input to change the game behavior. This game was tested and evaluated with a group of person, showing promising results in the fun level, as well as increasing the attention level of subjects.

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