scholarly journals Micturating Cystourethrography as a Part of Urinary Tract Infection Work Up in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrijana Shrestha ◽  
N Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Micturating Cystourethrography ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Common Infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in childhood and has the potential to cause renal damage especially in younger children (< 2 years). Almost 30- 40% cases of UTI are associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The main objective of this study was to identify the presence of VUR in children with UTI and its relative distribution according to age and sex. This is a retrospective hospital based study carried out between Jestha 059 to Poush 060 (15/6/2002–15/1/2004) at department of Paediatrics, Patan Hospital. All the cases that underwent micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) as part of UTI work up were included in the study and the information was collected from patient record files. During this period total 51 patients with UTI had MCUG. Sixty-six percent were males and 82% were below 2 years of age. VUR was found in 27.4% cases and the highest number was in the age group of 2- 5 years. UTI in young children is largely overlooked and the observed frequency of VUR in children with UTI in our study is considerable, though slightly lower than reported. Therefore the standard protocol of performing MCUG as part of UTI work up in the high-risk group should be followed.Key Words: Urinary tract infections, Vesicoureteral reflux, Children.

scholarly journals An analysis of urinary tract infections in children up to 24 months of age: a 7-year single-centre follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Anna Wachnicka-Bąk ◽  
◽  
Agata Będzichowska ◽  
Katarzyna Jobs ◽  
Bolesław Kalicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Scintigraphy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of bacterial infection in children. Atypical infections may be associated with a higher future risk of chronic kidney disease. The current range of diagnostic tests in children with a history of urinary tract infections is still a subject of discussions. Aim of the study: We attempted to determine the indications for renal scintigraphy and develop a nephrological care model for children aged ≤24 months based on the analysis of urinary tract infections in this group of patients. Materials and methods: We included 61 children aged ≤24 months [42 (68%) girls and 19 (32%) boys], hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw from 2008 to 2015 due to their first episode of urinary tract infection, in our retrospective analysis. Depending on the result of DMSA static renal scintigraphy performed 6 months after completed treatment of urinary tract infection, patients were classified into 3 groups: normal scintigraphy (group I), irregular tracer uptake indicating a suspicion of post-inflammatory renal pole lesions (group II), and signs of hypodysplasia (group III). The following variables were compared: age at first infection, gender, fever, inflammatory markers, aetiology, ultrasonographic findings, and the results of voiding cystourethrography for vesicoureteral reflux. Results: The median age at the time of first infection was 5.5 months in group I, 7 months in group II, and 7.5 months in group III. Febrile urinary infection was reported in 6/21 patients in group I, 4/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Increased C-reactive protein was observed in 7/21 patients in group I, 6/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Recurrent infections were reported for 5/21 children in group I, 8/19 in group II, and 12/21 children in group III. Atypical aetiology of urinary infection was reported for 3/21 patients in group I, 2/19 in group II, and 2/21 in group III. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings were observed in 4/21 patients in group I, 1/19 patients in group II, and 4/21 patients in group III. Vesicoureteral reflux in voiding cystourethrography was reported in 5/21 patients in group I, 8/19 patients in group II, and 10/21 patients in group III. The analysis of all the investigated parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Renal scintigraphy should be performed in the youngest children with a history of urinary tract infection as it was not possible to identify patients with post-inflammatory renal scarring secondary to urinary tract infection based on the course of infection, its aetiology, ultrasound findings and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Ultrasonography was not sensitive enough to diagnose renal hypodysplasia in our group of children.

Vesicoureteral Reflux in the Primate. Iv. Infection as Cause of Prolonged High-Grade Reflux

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
James A. Roberts ◽  
M. Bernice Kaack ◽  
Anne B. Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ureterovesical Junction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bladder Neck Obstruction ◽  
Tract Infections

High-grade reflux commonly lasts longer than moderate reflux, which disappears with maturtion of the ureterovesical junction. It is known that ureteral function is affected by urinary tract infection from studies in experimental animals, as well as through clinica1 findings in patients with upper tract infection. Whether infection might affect the ability of the ureter to prolong high-grade reflux was questioned. This observation might explain why high-grade reflux does not disappear as rapidly as moderate reflux in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. Vesicoureteral reflux was produced surgically in combination with bladder neck obstruction using infant monkeys. The reflux thus produced was high grade with ureteral dilation and caliectasis. In the group of animals in which the bladder neck obstruction was relieved surgically, the reflux rapidly disappeared. In the other group, a bladder infection was produced with Escherichia coli at the time of release of the bladder neck obstruction. The reflux lasted significantly longer, an average of 18 months. Therefore, it appears that treatment of urinary tract infection rather than vesicoureteral reflux is the most important therapy.

scholarly journals Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1890-1893
Author(s):  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Zahir Said ◽  
Ihsan Ul Haq ◽  
Habib U Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Knowing the risk of recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can assist clinicians to sort therapeutic decisions. The current study's aim was to assess the association of UTI in VUR. Additionally, UTI recurrence might be predicted by the risk score. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 123 children at department of Paediatric, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat for the duration of one year from 1st July 2020 to 30thJune 2021. Out of 123 children, the group-I had 57 children with documented previous UTIs history while group-II had 66 children with no previous UTIs and was referred to as a control group. All the patients were VUR diagnosed and were thoroughly followed up at a Renal Unit of single tertiary. UTI recurrence was referred to more than one follow-up episode. A regression model was used for independent variables identification regarding UTI recurrence. . A questionnaire on bowel habits was provided to the parents. The abdominal plain film was evaluated by the observer and recorded on the documented scoring system. The constipation history was compared with the radiological and symptomatic scores. Organism single species with > 105/ml count in a single midstream catch of urine sample was reflected as UTI evidence. Result: Out of 123 children, 88 (71.5%) were females while 35 (28.5%) were male. A total of 123 children had been investigated for UTI complaints. After the multivariable analysis adjustment, five recurrent UTIs predictor variables were the clinical presentation of UTI, female gender, reflux several grades, age less than 6 months, and syndrome dysfunction elimination. The UTIs recurrence risk factors were classified as high, medium, and low with prevalence 52 (42%), 41 (34%), and 30 (24%) respectively. The prevalence of UTIs rate per person-month was 10.9 (95% CI, 9.8, 12.7), 8.2 (95% CI, 6.7, 9.1) for medium, and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.3, 5.5) for the low-risk group. Conclusion: The formulation of therapeutic strategies can be done based on prediction model for UTIs recurrence besides early detection of morbidity long-term risk for the patients. Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, Urinary tract infection, Dysfunctional voiding, Constipation

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Philipp Dahm ◽  
Jane M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Tract Infections

This chapter summarizes the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial, a landmark trial that randomized children with vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed after a first or second febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection to receive trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis versus placebo. It found that antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection but had little effect on renal scarring. Recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infections resistant pathogens were increased. This study provides the underpinning for guidelines that advocate for low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for the first year of life; however, this remains an area of considerable controversy.

Laboratory Findings After Urinary Tract Infection and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Milan Dattaram Nadkarni ◽  
Tej K. Mattoo ◽  
Lisa Gravens-Mueller ◽  
Myra A. Carpenter ◽  
Anastasia Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Tract Infections

It is a common practice to monitor blood tests in patients receiving long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 607 children aged 2 to 71 months with vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed after symptomatic urinary tract infection. Study participants received TMP-SMZ (n = 302) or placebo (n = 305) and were followed for 2 years. Serum electrolytes (n ≥ 370), creatinine (n = 310), and complete blood counts (n ≥ 206) were measured at study entry and at the 24-month study conclusion. We found no significant electrolyte, renal, or hematologic abnormalities when comparing the treatment and placebo groups. We observed changes in several laboratory parameters in both treatment and placebo groups as would normally be expected with physiologic maturation. Changes were within the normal range for age. Long-term use of TMP-SMX had no treatment effect on complete blood count, serum electrolytes, or creatinine. Our findings do not support routine monitoring of these laboratory tests in children receiving long-term TMP-SMZ prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Tract Infection in Children with and without Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Yousefichaijan ◽  
Fatemeh Safi ◽  
Masoud Rezagholizamenjany ◽  
Mino Safari ◽  
Fakhreddin Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Vesicourethral reflux (VUR) is a common urinary tract disorder in children, which may be associated with urolithiasis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate vesicoureteral reflux in children with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 130 children younger than 10 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) are investigated. The demographic information and clinical status of all participants were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed for all children, and they were divided into two groups of 65 subjects based on the results: group 1, children with UTI+stone; and group 2, children with UTI+ non-stone. All children received Voiding Cystourethrogram to evaluate Vesicourethral reflux. Results: The mean age of participants was 7.48 ± 3.2 years, and 68 (52.7%) of them were male. Also, VUR was observed in 33 (25.38%) cases. The frequency of reflux in the UTI + stone group was 21 (32.3%), which was significantly higher than the other group (12 cases, or 18.46%) (P = 0.011). However, the association between UTI and stone (P = 0.3, CC = -0.01) was not significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant correlation between urinary tract stones and VUR in children with urinary tract infections. It is recommended to investigate the presence of stone or VUR in children suffering from any of the described disorders.

scholarly journals Frequency of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children having Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Asif Siddiqui ◽  
Fatima Zia ◽  
Hafsa Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
P Value ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Repeated urinary tract infections are significantly related to anatomical abnormalities of urinary tract. Vesicoureteral reflux is quite common, under diagnosed anatomical abnormality, leads to renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of vesicoureteral reflux in children having repeated urinary tract infections. Methods: It is cross sectional survey conducted in department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, spanning from 20-5-2014 to 19-11-2014, using non-probability purposive sampling, a total of 140 patients included. Each child was screened and followed with repeated urinary tract infections for frequency of vesicoureteral reflux by detailed clinical examination and relevant investigation as defined in operational definition. To avoid any controversy, all the findings of UTI & vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by a single consultant. Data was managed using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study the mean age of all patients was 5.64±2.35 years. There were 42 (30%) males and 98(70%) females in this study with male to female ration 1:233. The mean number of episodes of urinary tract infections was 5.82±1.95 per years. Frequency of vesicoureteral reflux in these patients was seen in 35(25%) of the patients. When we stratified the data over age, gender and number of episodes of urinary tract infection we found significant association of vesicoureteral reflux with age groups only (p-value < 0.05) while no association between vesicoureteral reflux versus gender and number of episodes of urinary tract infection (p- value > 0.05). Conclusion: We found significant correlation between vesicoureteral reflux and repeated urinary tract infections. Cases with repeated urinary tract infections should be investigated thoroughly to address underlying cause, in order to prevent renal damage and long-term complications. Key Words: Paediatric, Urinary tract infections, hydronephrosis, Vesicoureteral reflux How to Cite: Aslam I, Siddiqui MA, Zia F, Qamar H. Frequency of vesicoureteral reflux in children having recurrent urinary tract infections. Esculapio.2020;16(04):18-20.

Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽  
Shler Ali Khorshed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

Detection of tox A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolates from different clinical cases by using PCR.

2018 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rana M. Abdullah Al-Shwaikh ◽  
Abbas Falih Alornaaouti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

       Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different cases included : 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood, during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014        The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352 bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates (78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%) from urinary tract infection , finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

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