Protective effects of Zizyphus oxyphyla on liver and kidney related serum biomarkers in (CCl4) intoxicate rabbits

The study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Zizyphus oxyphyla leaves methanolic (ZOX-LME), on serum liver, kidney and hematology along with other serum parameters in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated rabbits. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, six rabbits in each. These were: group NC (normal control), group, TC (toxic control) and group ST i.e. silymarine administered group at dose rate (50) mg/kg body weight (BW). Group ET1 and group ET2 treated with (ZOX-LME) at dose 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW. CCl4 administration caused significant (P> 0.05) impairment in serum liver enzymes, blood factors and other serum indices. Treatment with (ZOX-LME) significantly (P<0.05) reduced and normalized the levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hematological indices. Also significant (P< 0.05) reduction was observed in creatinine, urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin and glucose concentrations. The altered levels of lipid profile and serum electrolytes (Ca, Mg, Cl, Na, K, and P) were significantly (P<0.05) change toward normal levels with (ZOX-LME) feeding. In addition (ZOX-LME) ingestion caused significant improvement in GSH, GST and CAT levels, while reducing the TBARS levels, exhibited antioxidant capacity. Also (ZOX-LME) showed increase inhibition against percent scavenging of 2, 2-diphenile-1-picrylehydrazyle (DPPH) free radical. Significant (P<0.05) normalizing effects were observed with high dose 400 mg/kg BW of (ZOX-LME and were equivalent to silymarine administered groups. The histological study of liver supported the hepatoprotective and renal curative activity of (ZOX-LME).

Kidney Indices and Serum Electrolytes of Diabetic Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe

Glucose levels in the blood are elevated because the pancreas' b-cells produce less insulin or are more resistant to the hormone's effects. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition. Insulin is linked to long-term difficulties in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The objective of this study was to determine kidney indices and serum electrolytes of diabetic patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State. In total, A total of 240 subjects were used for the analysis (200 diabetic and 40 control subjects) and were divided based on their ages and gender Face to face inter-view was used to collect the data and other possible clinical data associated with diabetes mellitus. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess serum kidney indices, weight and height were recorded. The result shows individual kidney abnormalities of elevated serum creatinine and urea, elevated level of chloride and reduced sodium and bicarbonate level, according to gender and age groups. Gender, aging, higher body mass indexes (BMI), kidney indices abnormalities and electrolytes imbalance, were the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus that led to diabetic nephropathy which can increase morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Effective control of blood sugar can stop or prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus to all these complications.

Relationship of blood pressure status, dietary factors and serum electrolytes of in-school adolescents in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Globally, rising blood pressure is of public health concern as it is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and preventable death. This study accessed the relationship of blood pressure status, dietary factors and serum electrolytes among in-school adolescents in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 488 secondary school students (aged 10–19 years). Blood pressures were assessed using auscultatory method and questionnaires were used to obtain food frequency and 24-hour dietary recall data. Blood samples from volunteers were used for serum sodium and potassium assays. Results: The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased with age, irrespective of gender. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among participants were 19.3% and 10.5%, respectively, with males and females having similar pattern. Dietary factors like addition of table salt to already prepared foods, higher intake of eggs, and lower intake of vegetables were associated with the development of elevated blood pressure among the adolescents. The estimated mean dietary intakes (mg/person/day) of sodium and potassium were 2289±938.7 and 1321±603.8, respectively, with majorityconsuming far higher (for sodium – 80%) or far below (for potassium – 95%) recommendations. The mean serum sodium (138.0±18.3 mmolL-1) and potassium (3.06±1.1 mmolL-1) were similar across genders. A significant (p<0.05) negative relationship exists between serum potassium and SBP. Conclusions: The blood pressure status of the adolescents studied are of great concern and are somewhat negatively influenced by poor dietary and lifestyle practices. They require prompt intervention to slow down the development of CVDs in the future. Keywords: Adolescents; dietary patterns; hypertension; table salt.

Correlation of serum electrolytes with serial miRNA in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Indonesia

Objective This study aims to evaluate the correlation between electrolytes and serial miRNAs from our previous study. We want to prove that there is the molecular basis that underlying electrolytes disturbances as the predictive indicator to the outcome in NSCLC patients. Results There were positive correlation between potassium level with miR-34 (p = 0.008, r = 0.366), miR-148 (p = 0.004, r = 0.394) and miR-155 (p = 0.031, r = 0.300).

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum, Astaxanthin, Liv.52 HB and STC30 on Renal Function Parameters of Animal Models with CCL4 Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Kidneys are vital organ involved in the elimination of waste and toxins from the body and maintenance of homeostasis among other functions. Following the entrance of pathogen or xenobiotics into the body, the immune system respond and in most instances, this responses are out of proportion due to release of pro-inflamatory cytokines and the hyper response of the immune system may end up attacking certain organs of the body and hence, altering the physio-biochemical role of such organ. This study investigated the effect of some natural products commonly used in the management of hepatitis and it associated biochemical alterations on other key systems of the body. Albino Wistar rats weighing 60 to 120g were used for this study. The animals were divided into seven (7) groups of five (5) animals each. Group 1 served as the normal control and were not induced while animal in group 2 to 7 were all induced for Hepatocellular carcinoma using CCl4. Group 2 served as positive control and where not treated while animals in group 3 to 7 received various forms of naturopathic remedy as treatment; Ganoderma lucidium, Astaxanthin, Liv 52 Hb, STC30 and combination of all the remedies respectively. The treatment lasted for a period of three weeks (21 days). Twelve (12) hours after last treatment, the animals where sacrifice under chloroform anesthesia and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. The blood samples were centrifuge at 4000rpm for 10 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was separated and used for the estimation of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine to examine the renal functions. Results of the investigation showed that; the serum urea concentration in group III (6.64±0.27), V (3.88±0.15), VI (3.66±0.12) and VII (3.80±0.22) where significantly (p≤0.05) decreased compared to group II (7.16±0.18) the positive control. Similar trend was also observed for serum creatinine. Serum electrolytes concentration; Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- recorded slight varying degrees of changes across all treated groups at p≤0.05 compares to the positive and normal control. From our results, HCC induced animals treated with Ganoderma lucidium, STC30, Liv 52 Hb and combined treatment showed varying degree of renal function improvement by improving glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The reduction in GFR can be observed in the positive control group as presented by it many abnormal renal parameters’ values which is indicative of renal failure and poor GFR. Administration of these natural products however, caused an observed initiation of renormalization in the values of some of the renal parameters with most of the treated groups having values that are significantly different from those of the positive control group at p≤0.05 which was not treated after induction of HCC. It may thus be concluded that the treatments used had positive effects on the Glomerular filtration rate which led to improve values of some of the renal parameters in the groups treated with these natural products.

Severe refeeding syndrome after human chorionic gonadotropin diet: a potentially lethal complication

We present the case of a young male patient who presented with paralysing muscle weakness due to severe hypokalaemia and hypophosphataemia. The initial patient history evaluations could not establish the aetiology. Only after we reviewed the patient’s history did he reveal that he had been following a severe calorie-restricted regime, the human chorionic gonadotropin diet, which had ended 2 days prior to developing symptoms. This information then allowed us to diagnose severe refeeding syndrome. As a further complication, the patient developed rhabdomyolysis. After correction of serum electrolytes, symptoms resolved completely. This case emphasises the potential harm of severely calorie-restricted diets, often recommended by online ‘experts’. Furthermore, we underline the importance of thorough history taking.