scholarly journals Prevalence of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Tract Infection in Children with and without Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Yousefichaijan ◽  
Fatemeh Safi ◽  
Masoud Rezagholizamenjany ◽  
Mino Safari ◽  
Fakhreddin Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Vesicourethral reflux (VUR) is a common urinary tract disorder in children, which may be associated with urolithiasis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate vesicoureteral reflux in children with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 130 children younger than 10 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) are investigated. The demographic information and clinical status of all participants were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed for all children, and they were divided into two groups of 65 subjects based on the results: group 1, children with UTI+stone; and group 2, children with UTI+ non-stone. All children received Voiding Cystourethrogram to evaluate Vesicourethral reflux. Results: The mean age of participants was 7.48 ± 3.2 years, and 68 (52.7%) of them were male. Also, VUR was observed in 33 (25.38%) cases. The frequency of reflux in the UTI + stone group was 21 (32.3%), which was significantly higher than the other group (12 cases, or 18.46%) (P = 0.011). However, the association between UTI and stone (P = 0.3, CC = -0.01) was not significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant correlation between urinary tract stones and VUR in children with urinary tract infections. It is recommended to investigate the presence of stone or VUR in children suffering from any of the described disorders.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection in Children after Voiding Cystourethrogram

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p18
Author(s):  
Raed Al-Taher ◽  
Mohamad Mahseeri ◽  
Doa'a Abu Jame' ◽  
Jamel Sahouri ◽  
Hiba Hudali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormality ◽  
Ascending Infection

Objective: Voiding cystourethrogram is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to visualize the urinary tract and bladder and diagnose vesicoureteral reflux disease. We aim to determine the likelihood of developing a UTI after the VCUG.Study design: A total sample of 125 children from the Jordan University Hospital who underwent 191 voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) were retrospectively studied between 2002 and 2018, ages four days till 13 years old. Urine analysis and Culture were sent from selected patients, for post-VCUG-UTI.Methodology: Electronic records were retrospectively reviewed in 125 pediatric patients at Jordan University Hospital.Results: 60.7% of VCUG’s were abnormal (i.e., vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or hydronephrosis). 5.24% had a negative urine analysis, 4.71% had a negative culture; 6.28% had a positive urine analysis, post-procedural urinary tract infection (ppUTI) was documented in 5.76% of the patients. The most common organism was Escherichia coli.Conclusions: Voiding cystourethrogram is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infection in the pediatric age group; it is still debated whether ascending infection due to catheterization or the presence of a urinary tract abnormality is the cause of infection. Further studies on a larger scale must be considered to study other contributing factors.

scholarly journals An analysis of urinary tract infections in children up to 24 months of age: a 7-year single-centre follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Anna Wachnicka-Bąk ◽  
◽  
Agata Będzichowska ◽  
Katarzyna Jobs ◽  
Bolesław Kalicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Scintigraphy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of bacterial infection in children. Atypical infections may be associated with a higher future risk of chronic kidney disease. The current range of diagnostic tests in children with a history of urinary tract infections is still a subject of discussions. Aim of the study: We attempted to determine the indications for renal scintigraphy and develop a nephrological care model for children aged ≤24 months based on the analysis of urinary tract infections in this group of patients. Materials and methods: We included 61 children aged ≤24 months [42 (68%) girls and 19 (32%) boys], hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw from 2008 to 2015 due to their first episode of urinary tract infection, in our retrospective analysis. Depending on the result of DMSA static renal scintigraphy performed 6 months after completed treatment of urinary tract infection, patients were classified into 3 groups: normal scintigraphy (group I), irregular tracer uptake indicating a suspicion of post-inflammatory renal pole lesions (group II), and signs of hypodysplasia (group III). The following variables were compared: age at first infection, gender, fever, inflammatory markers, aetiology, ultrasonographic findings, and the results of voiding cystourethrography for vesicoureteral reflux. Results: The median age at the time of first infection was 5.5 months in group I, 7 months in group II, and 7.5 months in group III. Febrile urinary infection was reported in 6/21 patients in group I, 4/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Increased C-reactive protein was observed in 7/21 patients in group I, 6/19 patients in group II, and 6/21 patients in group III. Recurrent infections were reported for 5/21 children in group I, 8/19 in group II, and 12/21 children in group III. Atypical aetiology of urinary infection was reported for 3/21 patients in group I, 2/19 in group II, and 2/21 in group III. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings were observed in 4/21 patients in group I, 1/19 patients in group II, and 4/21 patients in group III. Vesicoureteral reflux in voiding cystourethrography was reported in 5/21 patients in group I, 8/19 patients in group II, and 10/21 patients in group III. The analysis of all the investigated parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Renal scintigraphy should be performed in the youngest children with a history of urinary tract infection as it was not possible to identify patients with post-inflammatory renal scarring secondary to urinary tract infection based on the course of infection, its aetiology, ultrasound findings and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Ultrasonography was not sensitive enough to diagnose renal hypodysplasia in our group of children.

Vesicoureteral Reflux in the Primate. Iv. Infection as Cause of Prolonged High-Grade Reflux

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
James A. Roberts ◽  
M. Bernice Kaack ◽  
Anne B. Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ureterovesical Junction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bladder Neck Obstruction ◽  
Tract Infections

High-grade reflux commonly lasts longer than moderate reflux, which disappears with maturtion of the ureterovesical junction. It is known that ureteral function is affected by urinary tract infection from studies in experimental animals, as well as through clinica1 findings in patients with upper tract infection. Whether infection might affect the ability of the ureter to prolong high-grade reflux was questioned. This observation might explain why high-grade reflux does not disappear as rapidly as moderate reflux in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. Vesicoureteral reflux was produced surgically in combination with bladder neck obstruction using infant monkeys. The reflux thus produced was high grade with ureteral dilation and caliectasis. In the group of animals in which the bladder neck obstruction was relieved surgically, the reflux rapidly disappeared. In the other group, a bladder infection was produced with Escherichia coli at the time of release of the bladder neck obstruction. The reflux lasted significantly longer, an average of 18 months. Therefore, it appears that treatment of urinary tract infection rather than vesicoureteral reflux is the most important therapy.

The incidence of urinary tract infections in febrile children during a two-year period in Tehran, Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Panahi ◽  
Fatemeh Beiraghdar ◽  
Yashar Moharamzad ◽  
Zahra Khalili Matinzadeh ◽  
Behzad Einollahi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormalities ◽  
Tract Infections

Of 433 febrile children examined in the paediatric clinics of two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 39 (9%) children (27 girls and 12 boys) were diagnosed as having urinary tract infection in which Escherichia coli was the most frequently detected pathogen (84.6%). According to the voiding cystourethrogram, nine (75%) boys and 17 (63%) girls had urinary tract abnormalities. This result is slightly higher than seen in other reports from developing countries.

scholarly journals Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Risk Factors in Patients with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1890-1893
Author(s):  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Zahir Said ◽  
Ihsan Ul Haq ◽  
Habib U Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Knowing the risk of recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can assist clinicians to sort therapeutic decisions. The current study's aim was to assess the association of UTI in VUR. Additionally, UTI recurrence might be predicted by the risk score. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 123 children at department of Paediatric, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat for the duration of one year from 1st July 2020 to 30thJune 2021. Out of 123 children, the group-I had 57 children with documented previous UTIs history while group-II had 66 children with no previous UTIs and was referred to as a control group. All the patients were VUR diagnosed and were thoroughly followed up at a Renal Unit of single tertiary. UTI recurrence was referred to more than one follow-up episode. A regression model was used for independent variables identification regarding UTI recurrence. . A questionnaire on bowel habits was provided to the parents. The abdominal plain film was evaluated by the observer and recorded on the documented scoring system. The constipation history was compared with the radiological and symptomatic scores. Organism single species with > 105/ml count in a single midstream catch of urine sample was reflected as UTI evidence. Result: Out of 123 children, 88 (71.5%) were females while 35 (28.5%) were male. A total of 123 children had been investigated for UTI complaints. After the multivariable analysis adjustment, five recurrent UTIs predictor variables were the clinical presentation of UTI, female gender, reflux several grades, age less than 6 months, and syndrome dysfunction elimination. The UTIs recurrence risk factors were classified as high, medium, and low with prevalence 52 (42%), 41 (34%), and 30 (24%) respectively. The prevalence of UTIs rate per person-month was 10.9 (95% CI, 9.8, 12.7), 8.2 (95% CI, 6.7, 9.1) for medium, and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.3, 5.5) for the low-risk group. Conclusion: The formulation of therapeutic strategies can be done based on prediction model for UTIs recurrence besides early detection of morbidity long-term risk for the patients. Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, Urinary tract infection, Dysfunctional voiding, Constipation

scholarly journals Micturating Cystourethrography as a Part of Urinary Tract Infection Work Up in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrijana Shrestha ◽  
N Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Micturating Cystourethrography ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Common Infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in childhood and has the potential to cause renal damage especially in younger children (< 2 years). Almost 30- 40% cases of UTI are associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The main objective of this study was to identify the presence of VUR in children with UTI and its relative distribution according to age and sex. This is a retrospective hospital based study carried out between Jestha 059 to Poush 060 (15/6/2002–15/1/2004) at department of Paediatrics, Patan Hospital. All the cases that underwent micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) as part of UTI work up were included in the study and the information was collected from patient record files. During this period total 51 patients with UTI had MCUG. Sixty-six percent were males and 82% were below 2 years of age. VUR was found in 27.4% cases and the highest number was in the age group of 2- 5 years. UTI in young children is largely overlooked and the observed frequency of VUR in children with UTI in our study is considerable, though slightly lower than reported. Therefore the standard protocol of performing MCUG as part of UTI work up in the high-risk group should be followed.Key Words: Urinary tract infections, Vesicoureteral reflux, Children.

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Philipp Dahm ◽  
Jane M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Tract Infections

This chapter summarizes the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial, a landmark trial that randomized children with vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed after a first or second febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection to receive trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis versus placebo. It found that antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infection but had little effect on renal scarring. Recurrent febrile or symptomatic urinary tract infections resistant pathogens were increased. This study provides the underpinning for guidelines that advocate for low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for the first year of life; however, this remains an area of considerable controversy.

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