scholarly journals Association of total mixed ration particle fractions retained on the Penn State Particle Separator with milk, fat, and protein yield lactation curves at the cow level

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 2502-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Caccamo ◽  
J.D. Ferguson ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp ◽  
I. Schadt ◽  
R. Petriglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Particle Separator

Effects of including chopped alfalfa hay in barley-based total mixed rations on production and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Einarson ◽  
J. C. Plaizier ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Particle Separator ◽  
Barley Silage

Alfalfa silage [13.6% dry matter (DM)] was replaced with chopped alfalfa hay in barley silage and barley-grain-based total mixed rations. This replacement increased DM from 45.2 to 54.9%, decreased physical effective fibre, determined as the proportion of the DM passing through the 8- and 19-mm screens of the Penn State Particle Separator multiplied by dietary neutral detergent fibre (peNDF), from 21.9 to 16.2% DM, increased dry matter intake from 19.1 to 21.2 kg d-1, numerically reduced milk protein yield from 1.01 to 0.93 kg d-1, but did not affect milk yield, milk fat, rumen pH, and rumen ammonia. Key words: Alfalfa silage, chopped alfalfa hay, milk production, feed intake

scholarly journals Association of total-mixed-ration chemical composition with milk, fat, and protein yield lactation curves at the individual level

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 6171-6183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Caccamo ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp ◽  
G. Licitra ◽  
R. Petriglieri ◽  
F. La Terra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Particle Size Influences Preferential Consumption of Hay and Baleage in Total Mixed Dairy Rations

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2008) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Yedilaklil Hunde ◽  
Jamie Patton ◽  
Dennis Padgitt ◽  
David Vlieger
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
State University ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Particle Separator

Lactating cows require complete balanced rations to meet their high nutritional requirements and to maximize milk and milk fat production. Total mixed rations (TMR) were developed to meet these nutritional needs by thoroughly mixing necessary feedstuffs into a single ration; hence providing a balanced diet in each bite. However, the actual nutrient and fiber concentration consumed by cows can dramatically differ from that of the ration due to selective feeding. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the palatability of alfalfa hay TMR and alfalfa baleage TMR and 2) determine the effect of TMR fiber sources on the preferential sorting of rations. Sixty-four lactating dairy cows at the R.T. Wright University Farm at Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri, were fed TMR containing either 35 percent alfalfa baleage or 35 percent alfalfa hay. Fresh TMR was weighed and distributed evenly within the feed bunk every 24 hours and orts (unconsumed feedstuffs) were collected and weighed to determine the amount of feed consumed. Feed samples from the bulk ration and arts mixture were collected for analysis of particle size distribution via a Penn State Particle Separator. Results indicate the cows clearly preferred shorter (< 0.79 cm) feed particles in both the baleage TMR and hay TMR. In addition, the cows preferred and consumed more alfalfa baleage TMR than alfalfa hay TMR. No relationships between moisture content and TMR preference were identified.

EFFECTS OF CORRECTING FOR FEEDING LEVELS ON ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Quadratic Effects

A total of 13,561 Holstein 305-day lactation records were studied to examine the effects of correcting records for linear and quadratic effects of 305-day net energy intake from silage, hay, pasture and meal feeding on estimates of genetic parameters of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent. Correcting records for net energy intake reduced variances of yield traits, but had little effect on composition trait variances. When expressed as a percentage of the total variance, the relative importance of sire and sire–herd components were unchanged using corrected records, and heritabilities, except for that of protein yield, were unaltered. Cow components of yield traits were reduced relative to other components after records were corrected for feeding levels. Consequently, repeatabilities were reduced as well, suggesting that a large portion of the permanent environmental effects on yield traits may be of nutritional origin. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield traits were also reduced appreciably after records were corrected for feed intake. Genetic relationships between milk, fat and protein yield may not be as great as commonly believed.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters estimates for milk, fat and protein yield analyzed by test day models for Murrah buffaloes in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (sup2) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aspilcueta-Borquis ◽  
A. Tanaka ◽  
L. Albuquerque ◽  
R. Sesana ◽  
L. Seno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes

scholarly journals Relationship between the insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter and the intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene and milk performance traits in cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strychalski ◽  
U. Czarnik ◽  
M. Pierzchała ◽  
C.S. Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Prnp Gene ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

Current studies on the prion protein (PRNP) gene polymorphism focus primarily on the causative mutations that influence BSE susceptibility in cattle. The specific genetic structure determined by the insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism within the 23 bp promoter sequence and the 12 bp intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene, and its genomic location suggest that this polymorphism can be a potential QTL marker. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the indel polymorphism within the promoter sequence (23 bp) and the intron 1 sequence (12 bp) of the PRNP gene can be used as a factor differentiating the values of milk performance traits. The experimental materials comprised 285 primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, daughters of two dihybrid (23ins-12ins/23del-12del) sires (progeny of sire 1 – 149 cows, progeny of sire 2 – 136 cows). The following milk performance traits were analysed: milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, fat and protein contents of milk during the first 305-day lactation. The polymorphism in the promoter region (23 bp) was found to have a significant (P = 0.040) effect on protein yield and a highly significant (P = 0.007) effect on the protein content of milk. The highest values of these traits were noted in 23 ins/del heterozygotes and the lowest in 23 del/del homozygotes. There was an interrelation between diplotype variants and the concentrations of milk components. The protein content of milk was highly significantly (P = 0.007) higher in 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes and significantly (P = 0.028) higher in 23ins-12ins/23ins-12ins homozygotes, compared to 23del-12ins/23del-12del cows. 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes were also characterized by a significantly (P = 0.046) higher fat content of milk, in comparison with 23del-12del/23del-12del homozygotes.

A comparison between the actual progeny test of Friesian/Holstein bulls and indexes calculated from pedigree information

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
H. Joanne Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Maternal Grandsire ◽  
Progeny Performance

ABSTRACTTwo pedigree indexes were calculated for 754 Friesian/Holstein bulls born between 1974 and 1980 and tested by the Milk Marketing Board. Correlations between the indexes and the average progeny performance were used to compare the indexes calculated using information from different ancestors. The first index, or estimated predicted difference (EPD) was calculated as one-half the sire progeny test, known as an Improved Contemporary Comparison (ICC), plus one-quarter the maternal grandsire ICC. The second index or estimated ICC (EICC) was calculated from one-half the sire ICC plus one-half the dam cow genetic index (CGI). The correlations between the deregressed bull evaluations (DICC) and EPD, calculated from 310 bulls, were 0·40 for milk yield, 0·40 for fat yield and 0·39 for protein yield. The corresponding correlations between the DICC and EICC, calculated from 314 bulls, were 0·43, 0·40 and 0·41. The regression coefficients for predicting average progeny performance from the EPD index were 1·00 (s.e. 0·13), 0·97 (s.e. 0·12), 0·96 (s.e. 0·13), 1·09 (s.e. 0·12) and 1·08 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentage respectively. Those for predicting progeny performance from the EICC index were 0·95 (s.e. 0·11), 0·81 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·84 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield respectively. Although the correlations were lower than the expected values of 0·50 (EPD) and 0·55 (EICC) the regressions were near the expected value of 1. The results indicate that the indexes are useful as a preliminary means of selecting bulls prior to progeny testing.

SIRE BY HERD INTERACTIONS FOR MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION TRAITS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Reduced Model ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Reduced Models

A total of 13,561 Holstein 305-day lactation records from 779 Quebec and Maritime herds enrolled on the Dairy Herd Analysis Service were used to evaluate the importance of sire × herd interactions for milk yield and composition traits. Sire × herd interaction accounted for 4.1, 1.1, 0.3, 2.6 and 5.6% of the total variation of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent, respectively. Genetic parameter estimates obtained under two different models, a full model that accounted for sire × herd interaction and a reduced model that ignored it, were examined. Heritabilities of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent were, respectively: for the full model, 0.36, 0.47, 0.45, 0.59 and 0.31 and for the reduced model, 0.49, 0.50, 0.46, 0.66 and 0.46. Phenotypic correlations between the traits were not appreciably different when estimated under the full and reduced models. Genetic correlations between the yield traits were also similar when estimated under the full and reduced models, but genetic correlations between yield and percentage traits were more stongly positive, or less negative, when sire × herd interaction was accounted for. The genetic correlation between fat and protein percent was larger under the reduced model than under the full model.

Effects of different husbandry systems on milk production of purebred and crossbred sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Louca
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Awassi Sheep

ABSTRACTThe effects of different husbandry systems on production characters of 616 purebred and crossbred sheep are reported. The Cyprus Fat-tailed (L), Chios (C) and Awassi (A) breeds were evaluated under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive production systems. The performance of crossbred (C × L, A × L and A × C) Cyprus Fat-tailed and Awassi sheep was compared under extensive husbandry conditions. Ewes on the intensive systems produced more milk, fat and protein (P<0·01), but with somewhat lower fat and protein content than those on the extensive or semi-intensive systems. Chios and Awassi ewes were superior to Cyprus Fat-tailed ewes in nearly all traits (P<0·1), but inferior in terms of fat and protein content (P<0·1). Awassi × Chios crossbreds outyielded both purebred and crossbred sheep in terms of milk, fat and protein yield (P<0·1). Lactation number had a significant effect on milk traits. Maximum milk production was obtained at fourth lactation.

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