scholarly journals Relationship between the insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter and the intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene and milk performance traits in cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strychalski ◽  
U. Czarnik ◽  
M. Pierzchała ◽  
C.S. Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Prnp Gene ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

Current studies on the prion protein (PRNP) gene polymorphism focus primarily on the causative mutations that influence BSE susceptibility in cattle. The specific genetic structure determined by the insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism within the 23 bp promoter sequence and the 12 bp intron 1 sequence of the PRNP gene, and its genomic location suggest that this polymorphism can be a potential QTL marker. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the indel polymorphism within the promoter sequence (23 bp) and the intron 1 sequence (12 bp) of the PRNP gene can be used as a factor differentiating the values of milk performance traits. The experimental materials comprised 285 primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, daughters of two dihybrid (23ins-12ins/23del-12del) sires (progeny of sire 1 – 149 cows, progeny of sire 2 – 136 cows). The following milk performance traits were analysed: milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, fat and protein contents of milk during the first 305-day lactation. The polymorphism in the promoter region (23 bp) was found to have a significant (P = 0.040) effect on protein yield and a highly significant (P = 0.007) effect on the protein content of milk. The highest values of these traits were noted in 23 ins/del heterozygotes and the lowest in 23 del/del homozygotes. There was an interrelation between diplotype variants and the concentrations of milk components. The protein content of milk was highly significantly (P = 0.007) higher in 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes and significantly (P = 0.028) higher in 23ins-12ins/23ins-12ins homozygotes, compared to 23del-12ins/23del-12del cows. 23ins-12ins/23del-12del heterozygotes were also characterized by a significantly (P = 0.046) higher fat content of milk, in comparison with 23del-12del/23del-12del homozygotes.

scholarly journals Schätzung genetischer Parameter für Testtagsergebnisse von Milchleistungsmerkmalen bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
D. Bömkes ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of genetic parameters for test day records of milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn by using univariate und multivariate animal models. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records distributed over 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. Milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002. The animals in our analysis were the progeny of 455 sires and 1.148 does. Heritabilities estimated with a multivariate test day model with fixed regression were h2 = 0.19, 0.16 and 0.15 for milk, fat and protein yield. For fat and protein content and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) heritabilities were h2 = 0.17, 0.14 and 0.16, respectively. The additive genetic correlations between milk yield and fat as well as protein yield of German Improved Fawn were very high and positive (rg = 0.84 and rg = 0.77). Milk yield and milk contents were genetically negative correlated with rg = −0.28 for fat and rg = −0.22 for protein content. A moderate additive genetic correlation (rg = 0.48) between fat and protein content was estimated. There were no considerable additive genetic correlations between fat yield and protein content as well as between fat content and protein yield (rg = 0.05 and rg = 0.09). Additive genetic correlations between milk, fat or protein yield and SCS were high and negative, whereas additive genetic correlations between fat or protein content and SCS were low and positive. The genetic parameters estimated from field test records allow to achieve genetic progress in milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn.

scholarly journals Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Predrag Perisic ◽  
Ljiljana Samolovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Farming Households

In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.

Effects of different husbandry systems on milk production of purebred and crossbred sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Louca
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Awassi Sheep

ABSTRACTThe effects of different husbandry systems on production characters of 616 purebred and crossbred sheep are reported. The Cyprus Fat-tailed (L), Chios (C) and Awassi (A) breeds were evaluated under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive production systems. The performance of crossbred (C × L, A × L and A × C) Cyprus Fat-tailed and Awassi sheep was compared under extensive husbandry conditions. Ewes on the intensive systems produced more milk, fat and protein (P<0·01), but with somewhat lower fat and protein content than those on the extensive or semi-intensive systems. Chios and Awassi ewes were superior to Cyprus Fat-tailed ewes in nearly all traits (P<0·1), but inferior in terms of fat and protein content (P<0·1). Awassi × Chios crossbreds outyielded both purebred and crossbred sheep in terms of milk, fat and protein yield (P<0·1). Lactation number had a significant effect on milk traits. Maximum milk production was obtained at fourth lactation.

scholarly journals Haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium for <i>DGAT1</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Strucken ◽  
S. Rahmatalla ◽  
D.-J. De Koning ◽  
G. A. Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Dgat1 Gene

Abstract. This study focused on haplotype effects and linkage disequilibrium (LD) for the K232A locus and the promoter VNTR in the DGAT1 gene. Analyses were carried out in three German Holstein Frisian populations (including 492, 305, and 518 animals) for milk yield, milk fat and protein yield, and milk fat and protein content. We found that effects of the promoter VNTR were not significant and explain only a small amount of the variation of the QTL on BTA14. Haplotype effects were less significant than the K232A locus by itself, but the haplotype containing the A allele of the K232A locus and allele 3 with five repeats of the promoter VNTR showed negative effects on protein content when paternally inherited, whereas the haplotype with the A allele and VNTR allele 2 (with six repeats) increased the protein content. Significant differences between these two haplotypes occurred for protein yield as well, pointing to a linked effect that is picked up by the haplotypes rather than a direct effect of the VNTR. The linkage disequilibrium, estimated by D', showed values between 0.29 and 0.59 which is unexpectedly low for a distance of ~10 kb. Only a very low correlation between the two loci was observed due to the almost similar frequencies of haplotypes containing the A or K allele of the K232A locus.

scholarly journals Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on Standard Lactation Milk Performance Traits in Simmental Cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Milun Petrović ◽  
Vladan Bogdanović ◽  
M. Milan Petrović ◽  
Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković ◽  
Radojica Đoković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractThe effect of systematic and continuous environmental factors on milk performance traits over standard lactations in 2805 Simmental cows was evaluated using the general linear model. The systematic factors included the effect of farm or breeding area, calving season, year of birth, season of birth, lactation group and their interactions. The continuous factor analysed was the effect of age at first conception. The effect of farm, lactation group and calving season on standard lactation milk performance was found to be highly significant (P<0.01), excepting the effect of calving season on milk fat percent in standard lactations which showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The interactions between year and season of birth, farm and calving season, and farm and lactation group had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all performance traits studied. Age at first conception, as a continuous factor, had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk yield and milk fat percent, and a non-significant effect on milk fat yield. The model used to correct the performance traits over standard lactations for the effect of systematic factors was highly significant (P<0.01). The variance of the model accounted for 20.06 and 37.31% of the total variance of milk fat yield and milk fat percent, respectively. The resulting coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.20 for milk fat yield to 0.37 for milk fat percent.

scholarly journals An 11-bp Indel Polymorphism within the CSN1S1 Gene Is Associated with Milk Performance and Body Measurement Traits in Chinese Goats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanghai Zhang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Jinwang Liu ◽  
Haijing Zhu ◽  
Lei Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Body Measurement Traits ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Solids Content

The casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) gene encodes α-s1 casein, one of the proteins constituting milk, which affects milk performance, as well as improving the absorption of calcium and bone development in mammals. A previous study found that an 11-bp insertion/deletion (indel) of this gene strongly affected litter size in goats. However, to our knowledge, the relationships between this polymorphism and the milk performance and body measurement traits of goats have not been reported. In this paper, the previously identified indel has been recognized in three Chinese goat breeds, namely the Guanzhong dairy goat (GZDG; n = 235), Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SBWC; n = 1092), and Hainan black goat (HNBG; n = 278), and the following three genotypes have been studied for all of the breeds: insertion/insertion (II), deletion/deletion (DD), and insertion/deletion (ID). The allele frequencies analyzed signified that the frequencies of the “D” allele were higher (47.8%–65.5%), similar to the previous report, which indicates that this polymorphism is genetically stable in different goat breeds. Further analysis showed that this indel was markedly associated with milk fat content, total solids content, solids-not-fat content, freezing point depression, and acidity in GZDG (p < 0.05), and also affected different body measurement traits in all three breeds (p < 0.05). The goats with II genotypes had superior milk performance, compared with the others; however, goats with DD genotypes had better body measurement sizes. Hence, it may be necessary to select goats with an II or DD genotype, based on the desired traits, while breeding. Our study provides information on the potential impact of the 11-bp indel polymorphism of the CSN1S1 gene for improving the milk performance and body measurement traits in goats.

scholarly journals The association between microsatellite Bm6438 and milk performance traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zabolewicz ◽  
U. Czarnik ◽  
J. Strychalski ◽  
C.S. Pareek ◽  
M. Pierzchała
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Friesian Cattle

The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis postulating the location of QTL linked marker for milk performance traits in the proximal section of chromosome BTA1 by analyzing the microsatellite BM6438 alleles from heterozygous sires and the milk performance traits of the investigated cattle. The experiment covered 484 Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous cows, the progeny of three unrelated sires, including 317 cows ‒ the progeny of two sires with 256/268 genotype and 167 cows &ndash; the progeny of a sire with 258/268 genotype. BM6438 polymorphism was determined by PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three alleles (256, 258 and 268), forming 6 genotype groups, were identified among the studied cattle. In the progeny of sires with 256/268 genotype, statistically significant differences were found out in protein yield (the progeny of 2 sires) and in milk yield (the progeny of 1 sire). In both cases, the highest values of performance traits were recorded in 268/268 genotype groups, and the lowest in half-sib groups with 256/258 and 258/268 genotypes. The analysis covering the progeny of two sires with 256/268 genotype confirmed the regularities noted in individual families. 268/268 homozygotes had a highly significantly higher (P &le; 0.01) protein yield than the remaining genotype groups. Statistically significant differences were also reported in the values of milk yield (P &le; 0.05).

scholarly journals Polymorphism of CSN3, Pit-1, LGB and its impact on milk performance traits at the Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breed

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Ivan Manga ◽  
Jan Říha ◽  
Irena Vrtková
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

The effect of known CSN3, Pit-1 and LGB genes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on milk performance traits (milk yield, protein, fat and lactose content, count of somatic cells) at the Czech Fleckvieh and the Holstein cattle breed was estimated. For more exact results, tested cows of each breed came from one source, and were selected into two groups according to their lactation. We tested around 100 animals at the first and 25 at the high (more than five) lactation of both breeds. Our attention was aimed particularly on combined genotypes of favourable alleles. We confirmed the positive tendention of the cheese yield valuable CSN3/BB with Pit-1/AA combined genotype for high milk production. By estimation of single gene effect, we found out significant association (P ≤ 0.01) between milk yield (kg) and Pit-1 genotypes at Holstein cows with the high lactation. This dependence was observed at the Czech Fleckvieh breed too, even it didn’t get conclusive value. Among all tested individuals, CSN3 genotypes significantly influenced milk yield (AA > BB, P ≤ 0.01), milk fat (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01) and protein content (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01). The genotypes AB and BB of the LGB gene at Holstein cows were joined with higher milk yield in selected cattle groups opposite to AA genotype (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05). The influence of LGB on the somatic cell count in created cattle groups was not confirmed. Estimation of allele and genotype frequency according to lactation stage didn’t reveal higher differences at non of tested genes in both breeds.

scholarly journals The influence of genetic β-lactoglobulin polymorphism on the quantity and quality of milk of the Simmental breed in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
Nikola Delic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The study of the link between genes controlling protein polymorphism and milk performance traits of domestic animals has great economic importance from a selection point of view, as it reduces the generation interval, leading to increased productivity in livestock. The objective of this paper was to establish the influence of genetic ? -lactoglobulin polymorphism on the quantity and quality of milk of the simmental breed in Serbi?. For the research blood samples were taken from a total of 157 Simmental cows. The genotypes of Simmental cows for ?-lactoblobulin and their effect on quantitative milk performance traits were determined using the PCR-RFLP analysis. The variability of traits influenced by the genetic polymorphism of ?-lactoblobulin was statistically very highly significant (p <0.0001) for milk yield in standard lactation and milk fat and protein yields, while it showed no statistically significant variability (p> 0.05) for content of milk fat and protein. The genotype cows achieved a 121 kg and 338 kg increase in milk production compared to the BB genotype and AA genotype cows, respectively.

scholarly journals Einfluss systematischer Umwelteffekte auf die Milchleistungsmerkmale bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
D. Bömkes ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of systematic environmental effects on milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to analyse the influence of fixed effects on milk traits of German Improved Fawn. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records. The milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002 from 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. The average daily milk yield was 2.87 ± 1.20 kg with a fat content of 3.08 ± 0.54% and a protein content of 3.38 ± 0.95%. Somatic cell count (SCC) was transformed into somatic cell score (SCS). Mean SCS was 5.49 ± 1.93. The average lactation length was 234.1 ± 76.4 days. The analysis of variance showed a significant influence of lactation number, stage of lactation, year of lambing and month of lambing on all analysed milk production traits. Milk yield was highest in the fourth lactation number and fat as well as protein content in the 7th to 13th lactation number. Litter size had a significant influence on milk and fat yield and on fat and protein content. The region significantly influenced protein yield and fat and protein content of German Improved Fawn but had no effect on milk and protein yield and SCS. Animals from Baden-Wuerttemberg reached the highest milk protein content but the lowest milk fat content.

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