scholarly journals Dry period and parturient predictors of early lactation hyperketonemia in dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.A. McArt ◽  
D.V. Nydam ◽  
G.R. Oetzel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Modifiable management practices to improve udder health in dairy cattle during the dry period and early lactation: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie K. McMullen ◽  
Jan M. Sargeant ◽  
David F. Kelton ◽  
Katheryn J. Churchill ◽  
Kineta S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Udder Health

Effect of body condition at calving on tissue mobilization, development of fatty liver and blood chemistry of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Reid ◽  
C. J. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
L. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed with two groups of nine British Friesian cows to compare the effect of calving in fat or thin condition on (1) the mobilization and functional activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue, (2) the mobilization of skeletal muscle, (3) the development and resolution of fatty infiltration of the liver and (4) the chemistry and haematology of blood. Sampling was performed at various times during the dry period and subsequent lactation. There were no differences between groups in the amount of adipose tissue mobilized between 4 weeks before and 26 weeks after calving. The lipogenic and lipolytic capacities of isolated adipocytes were also not different between groups at any time although major changes occurred in both over the calving period and during early lactation. Acetate oxidation to carbon dioxide was higher in adipocytes isolated from thin cows particularly after calving. More muscle fibre area was lost in the fat cows compared with the thin cows between 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after calving and the fat cows had greater infiltration of fat in the liver at 1 and 4 weeks after calving than the thin cows. The mean white-cell count was lower and the packed-cell volume was higher in the fat cows than in the thin cows at 1 week after calving. The major differences between groups in blood composition were increased concentrations of copper, non-esterified fatty acids, bilirubin and enzymes such as ornithine carbamyl transferase in the fat cows after calving. These results suggest that fat and thin cows respond differently to the metabolic demands of early lactation and that some of these differences render fat cows more susceptible to disease.

The effect of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of dairy cattle housed in straw yards

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J. A. Fregonesi ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Space allowance could be an important variable affecting production, health, reproductive performance and behaviour of dairy cattle. Also, high and low yielding cows may have different ways of coping with insufficient space allowance. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of strawyard housed dairy cows.The experiment was carried out using 24 Holstein Friesian cows with two groups in early lactation of high (over 30 kg/day milk yield) and two groups in late lactation of low yield (under 25 kg/day milk yield). The groups were allocated to strawyard systems with low stocking density (bed area/cow = 9 m2; pen area/cow = 13.5 m2; feed face width/cow = 1.5 m) or high stocking density (bed area/cow = 4.5 m2; pen area/cow = 6.75 m2; feed face width/cow = 0.75m) conforming to a changeover design with two periods, each of four weeks. The cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum and 2kg/cow/day of concentrate in the milking parlour. All animals were milked twice daily.

Leucine metabolism in lactating and dry goats: effect of insulin and substrate availability

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. E402-E413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tesseraud ◽  
J. Grizard ◽  
E. Debras ◽  
I. Papet ◽  
Y. Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lactating Goats

Early lactating goats show insulin resistance with respect to extramammary glucose utilization. However, much less is known about the two major factors, insulin and plasma amino acid concentration, that regulate protein metabolism in lactating goats. To examine this question, the in vivo effect of acute insulin was studied in goats during early lactation (12-31 days postpartum), midlactation (98-143 days postpartum), and the dry period (approximately 1 yr postpartum). Insulin was infused (at 0.36 or 1.79 nmol/min) under euglycemic and eukaliemic clamps. In addition, appropriate amino acid infusion was used to blunt insulin-induced hypoaminoacidemia or to create hyperaminoacidemia and maintain this condition under insulin treatment. Leucine kinetics were assessed using a primed continuous infusion of L-[1-14C]-leucine, which started 2.5 h before insulin. In all animals the insulin treatments failed to stimulate the nonoxidative leucine disposal (an estimate of whole body protein synthesis) under both euaminoacidemic and hyperaminoacidemic conditions. Thus, in goat as well as humans, infusion of insulin fails to stimulate protein synthesis even when combined with a substantially increased provision of amino acids. In contrast, insulin treatments caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the endogenous leucine appearance (an estimate of whole body protein degradation). Under euaminoacidemia the initial slope from the plot of the endogenous leucine appearance as a function of plasma insulin (an insulin sensitivity index) was steeper during early lactation than when compared with the dry period. A similar trend occurred during midlactation but not to any significant degree. These differences were abolished under hyperaminoacidemia. It was concluded that the ability of physiological insulin to inhibit protein degradation was improved during lactation, demonstrating a clear-cut dissociation between the effects of insulin on protein and glucose metabolism. This adaptation no doubt may provide a mechanism to save body protein.

scholarly journals CD49f+ mammary epithelial cells decrease in milk from dairy cows stressed by overstocking during the dry period

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Baratta ◽  
Silvia Miretti ◽  
Paolo Accornero ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
Andrea Formigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Cell Subpopulations

The work reported in this Research Communication describes the modification in epithelial cell populations during the first and the last month of milking in Holstein Friesian cows that have undergone different management during the dry period, and we report the differential expression of CD49f+ and cytokeratin18+ cell subpopulations. Twenty six cows were randomly divided into 2 balanced groups that were housed at stocking density of either 11 m2 (CTR) or 5 m2 from 21 ± 3 d before the expected calving until calving. Cells collected from milk samples taken in early lactation and late lactation were directly analysed for CD45, CD49f, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 18 and cell viability. We observed a differential expression with a significant reduction in CD49f+ (P < 0·01) and cytokeratin 18+ (P < 0·05) cells in early lactation. Differences were still evident in late lactation but were not significant. These observations suggest that mammary epithelial cell immunophenotypes could be associated with different animal management in the dry period and we hypothesise they may have a role as biomarkers for mammary gland function in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Supplementing Intensively Grazed Late-Gestation and Early-Lactation Dairy Cattle with Chromium

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 4269-4277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bryan ◽  
M.T. Socha ◽  
D.J. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Lactation
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