scholarly journals Effect of supplemental concentrate during the dry period or early lactation on rumen epithelium gene and protein expression in dairy cattle during the transition period

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 7227-7245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dieho ◽  
J. van Baal ◽  
L. Kruijt ◽  
A. Bannink ◽  
J.T. Schonewille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

scholarly journals Application of modern technology of nutrition in high yielding cows in dry period and early lactation

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Sretenovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
Lj. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Energy Addition ◽  
Degradable Protein

The paper presents review of authors? own results as well as results of other researchers on the effects of nutritional factors in overcoming of problems in transition period, 30 days prior and 70 days post calving, and to ensure satisfactory productive and reproductive performances. The significance of proper diet balance for total and non degradable protein, sufficient amount of energy, addition of some minerals and vitamins as well as additives in order to achieve good health, high milk production and satisfactory reproductive performances are pointed out. In general, all mentioned factors have great influence in increasing economical effects in cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Influence of Cane Molasses Inclusion to Dairy Cow Diets during the Transition Period on Rumen Epithelial Development

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
William F. Miller ◽  
Evan C. Titgemeyer ◽  
Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja ◽  
Daniel H. M. Watanabe ◽  
Luana D. Felizari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Transition Cow ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Development ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Cow Performance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of cane molasses during a 60 day dry period on performance and metabolism of Holstein cows during prepartum and postpartum periods. For experiment 1, 26 primiparous and 28 multiparous cows were used. Upon freshening, all cows were offered a common lactation diet. For experiment 2, six multiparous cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used to measure performance and metabolism, following the same protocol as experiment 1. Ruminal propionate increased by 10% during both prepartum and postpartum periods; however, papillae area was greater for cows not fed molasses, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption from the rumen was not increased, resulting in similar glucagon-like-peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) density. The improved dry matter intake, when molasses was added into prepartum diets, translated into increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk (ECM) in Experiment 1 only for multiparous cows. For experiment 2, the improvement on milk performance was also observed, where cows fed molasses had 18.5% greater ECM production. Feeding molasses during a 60 day dry period positively influenced transition cow performance, and it was not accompanied by changes in rumen morphometrics; however, this indicates enhanced adaptation by the rumen epithelium based on similar capabilities for VFA absorption.

Impact of dietary plane of energy during the dry period on lipoprotein parameters in the transition period in dairy cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Newman ◽  
S. Mann ◽  
D. V. Nydam ◽  
T. R. Overton ◽  
E. Behling-Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Chewing and Drinking Activity during Transition Period and Lactation in Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Rations

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Brandstetter ◽  
Viktoria Neubauer ◽  
Elke Humer ◽  
Iris Kröger ◽  
Qendrim Zebeli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chewing Activity

Dairy cows need sufficient physically effective fibre (peNDF) in their diet to induce chewing with the latter stimulating salivation and maintaining rumen health. Thus, monitoring of chewing activity can be a non-invasive tool to assess fibre adequacy, and thus helping in the optimization of the diet. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare chewing activities of cows during transition period and in the course of lactation. Simmental dairy cows, in four different production groups such as dry period (from 8 to 6 weeks ante-calving), calving (24 h before and after calving), early-lactation (7–60 days in milk), and mid-lactation (60–120 days in milk) were used in the study. Cows were fed partial mixed rations supplemented with different amounts of concentrates. The chewing and drinking activity were recorded using rumination-halters (RumiWatch System, Itin+Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland). Feed data analysis showed that the peNDF content of the partial mixed ration (PMR) was highest during dry period, decreased around parturition, reaching the nadir in the lactation, in all cases, however, exceeding the peNDF requirements. Chewing data analysis showed that rumination time decreased (p < 0.05) in the time around parturition (from 460 min/d during dry period to 363 min/d 24 h before calving) and increased again in early-lactation (505 min/d), reaching a maximum in mid-lactation (515 min/d). Eating time was lowest for cows during early-lactation (342 min/d) and the highest for those in mid-lactation (462 min/d). Moreover, early-lactation cows spent less time (p < 0.05) drinking (8 min/d) compared to other groups (e.g., 24 min/d the day before calving and 20 min/d postpartum). Monitoring of chewing activity might be a useful tool to assess rumen disorder risks and welfare of the cows during the transition period. It further shows promising results to be used as a tool to identify cows that are shortly before calving.

scholarly journals Dry period and parturient predictors of early lactation hyperketonemia in dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.A. McArt ◽  
D.V. Nydam ◽  
G.R. Oetzel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Modifiable management practices to improve udder health in dairy cattle during the dry period and early lactation: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie K. McMullen ◽  
Jan M. Sargeant ◽  
David F. Kelton ◽  
Katheryn J. Churchill ◽  
Kineta S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Udder Health

scholarly journals 221CYSTIC BOVINE FOLLICLES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN ALTERATION IN LOCAL GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
J. Greenaway ◽  
N. Linnerth ◽  
J. Petrik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Follicular Cysts

Formation of persistent follicular cysts is a prevalent problem for producers of domestic agricultural animals in North America. The most common group of animals affected is dairy cattle. This condition is problematic as it renders cattle anovulatory and infertile for the duration of the cyst. Various studies have assessed the incidence of follicular cysts in dairy cattle, revealing a range of prevalence of 9–26%. Although there is information regarding the incidence of this disorder, little is known of the etiology. It is known that a complex interaction occurs between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and ovary to regulate normal reproductive function. Dysregulation at any of these sites could contribute to the formation of persistent follicular cysts. The objective of this study was to determine whether local changes in gene and protein expression are present in cystic follicles. Transvaginal aspirations from follicles that had been greater than 2.5-cm diameter for at least 10 days were collected. Aspirates were centrifuged, and granulosa cells and follicular fluid were separated. Granulosa cells were lysed, and RNA and protein was isolated. For immunohistochemistry, bovine slaughterhouse ovaries with follicles greater than 2.5cm in diameter were dissected, fixed, and processed. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR were performed on protein and RNA samples, respectively. Cystic and control follicles were analyzed for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGF-R2 and members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, which are known to mediate a host of cellular events during follicular development. Cystic follicles exhibited a significant increase in VEGF and IGF-I protein concentrations and a reduction in VEGF-R2 and the type 1 IGF receptor. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased ligand staining and reduced receptor expression in granulosa cells of cystic follicles. These results indicate that there is an altered growth factor profile in cystic follicles and suggest that intra- as well as extra-follicular dysregulation is important in the etiology of this reproductive disorder.

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