scholarly journals Introduction: The Ecology of Shrinkage

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Rink ◽  
Sigrun Kabisch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Previous Phase

Since about the 1980s, shrinkage processes have been observed mainlyin the developed countries. Although population decreases has beenthe main focus, other phenomena—such as the reduction of jobs, therestructuring of industrial and urban regions, and the scarcity of publiccommodities and natural resources—also deserve attention. Shrinkageis by no means becoming the dominant mode of developmentthough some regional exceptions do exist. In this sense, it is comparableto the modern growth processes that do not run concordantly.Modern shrinkage processes are concentrated in certain economicbranches, institutions, social groups, and last but not least, regions.Consequently, we find profound disparities with some countries whereparts of society face shrinkage processes while others face growthprocesses. As observed by some scholars (e.g., Oswalt 2008), the growthmode is losing its dominance in modern societies. However, a paradigmshift toward shrinkage has not yet taken place. Rather one hasto assume a longer phase of side-by-side, contra-, and co-operativegrowth and shrinkage processes. This phase may be shaped by its owncontradictions and conflicts, in particular by a high level of uncertainty.In contrast to the social growth phase roughly until the early1970s, this phase will probably be less easy to steer. Although growthcoalitions, typical for the previous phase, were based on the assumptionthat profits were redistributed as welfare, the shrinkage alliancesare confronted with the financing of losses. Shrinkage processes challengeoperational routines and bring with them new positions of interestthat require novel coalitions among actors.

scholarly journals The New Face of the Development: Social Capital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem YAPAR SAÇIK ◽  
Onur CEYLAN ◽  
Mehmet ALAGÖZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

Classical models were insufficient in measuring development differences in countries because of focusing only capital stocks. On the other hand, new approaches discuss development with countries’ social capital. Social capital which shows relations between countries depend on confidence and affect a country’s economic, politic and social success.The confidence element has an important role in the social capital. The researches show that a society is called an underdeveloped one when the confidence is weak in that society. The existence of the social capital is mentioned in the societies with high confidence levels. Societies with the high level social capital together with human capital experience a rise in their life qualities. Many elements in the researches done come into prominence when the standards of the social capital are examined. When these are examined generally, the existing number of institutions and confidence elements are found.  Although many researches are shown as a standard of the social capital, it is the confidence element that occupies an important place among them.  At the same time, the existence of the social capital and the confidence element provide a decrease in temporal and monetary costs. The works operate in a busier and more rational way when in that society people’s and institutions’ reliability arise. The interaction here completely relies on confidence. Since this element exists in most of the developed countries, their level of success is higher.

scholarly journals Social Priorities of Less Developed Countries Sustainable Housing (Case of Sudan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ayman K. Abdelgadir ◽  
Omer A. Abu Elzein ◽  
Faris Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sustainable development and sustainable housing indicators are a response to the trend of adopting sustainable development objectives, adopted by most countries, especially developed and less developed countries. It is difficult to implement indicators developed for a developing country context in other contexts with different social, economic and environmental conditions. Social sustainability is the most important priority regarding evaluating the housing development projects in the developed and less developed countries. Economic conditions is linked in many aspects to the social sustainability indicators. Environmental indicators are important, but the less developed countries in general has a very low environmental foot prints, this is because the industry sector is usually week comparing to the developed countries. This paper reviews the sustainable housing indicators, with a focus on United Nations reports and indicators developed for contexts similar to study area, without ignoring the most reputable indicators developed for developing countries context. The research came with a set of indicators reflects the social priorities of the new housing development in Sudan. A questionnaire participants decided the relative important of each indicator and also the importance of the parameters of each indicator. Developing a set of social priorities for Sudan will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area. Description of the questionnaire results which reflects the national social sustainable housing development priorities are discussed. The researches came with a set of recommendations to enhance the social aspects for new housing development projects in Sudan. Using this set of priorities and recommendations will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

Cycle of Poverty in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Idowu Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Do So

Poverty is no longer fashionable even in the less developed countries of the world. The world has deemed poverty-ridden regions of the world as ‘anathema', forbidden, and ignoble. At the same time ways to get out of the menace are regularly strategised over a period of time. The developed countries of the world had been able to nip poverty to the bud significantly, but the developing countries still have a lot to do so as to overcome the menace. Poverty in the developing countries operates in a cycle of repetitions. This makes it difficult to curtail. How can poverty be reduced in the developing countries? This study reveals the reason while poverty has become a domestic phenomenon in developing countries and the way forward. The theory on poverty is evaluated alongside the present economic situation in Africa. The cycle of poverty, which includes the social cycle of poverty (SCP), political cycle of poverty (PCP), and the economic cycle of poverty (ECP), are examined. This study analyses the strategies to break the cycle of poverty in Africa and other developing countries.

The Degree of Home Bias in the Holding of Share Portfolio

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounira Chniguir ◽  
Asma Sghaier ◽  
Mohamed Soufeljil ◽  
Zouhayer Mighri
Keyword(s):  
Home Bias ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Intuitive Reasoning ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The objective of this paper is to measure the degree of Home Bias within the holdings of portfolio and to identify their determining factors. By following an intuitive reasoning, the authors have chosen a number of susceptible factors that have an impact on Home Bias. In fact, they have developed an international CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model). This model is estimated for 20 countries, with the use of cross-section econometrics. The authors' results show that all countries have recorded a high level of Home bias in their holdings of portfolio. In order to study whether the Home Bias of the newly emerging markets and that of the developed markets react differently to the determining factors or not the authors have evaluated the model so much jointly for all markets as separately for the developed and the newly emerging ones. In the case of classification of the sample, the results have permitted us to draw an important conclusion and to have cognizance that the volatility of the exchange rate is statistically significant concerning the newly emerging economies at a threshold of 1%, while it is hardly remarkable for the developed countries. This means that this variable prevents the American investors from investing in the former countries. Samely, for both variables of joint- variance and size.

Macroeconomic Factors of Competitiveness of Serbian Economy and ICT Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago Cvijanovic ◽  
Ivan Milojevic ◽  
Radovan Pejanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Information and communication technology is an initiating and driving force behind economic development. The contribution of the ICT sector is in production and export increase within the sector itself and of the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Competitiveness is synonymous with productivity and can be enhanced by rational utilization and investment in resources, application of the latest knowledge, investment, by increase of operating efficiency, and implementation of modern technologies in production. Competitiveness implies development of infrastructure and telecommunications, and intensive Internet usage. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Serbia is lowly ranked. Serbia has the greatest advantage in the area of elementary and higher education, technological readiness and innovativeness. The analysis of technological readiness and the level of innovativeness within the global competitiveness of Serbian economy in 2009, indicates a high level of competitiveness and potential to be developed. Technology transfer from the developed countries is the basis for long-term sustainable economic growth and development. The paper focuses on the analysis of competitiveness of Serbian economy, international economic environment and the determinants of competitiveness.

scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY PROBLEM OF BASIC PUBLIC VALUES WITH ECONOMIC POLICY GOALS AND DECISIONS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
REVAZ GVELESIANI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partial List ◽  
High Level

Economic policy related decisions are very complex in their logical structure because of the multilateral interdependence of the Social-economic events. Every decision includes some kind of vagueness. It is either clear or vague whether economic-political situation and results of discussed actions are analyzed well. The logical structure of decisions is the objective of the theory of the decision making. This theory helps to assess and overcome the problems in economic policy related decision making. Economic policy is oriented on achieving the predefined goals. These goals are determined by economic situation and many normative attitudes (basic values). There is an agreement on one part of the goals among the majority of developed countries. The laws and resolutions issued by different governments often include economic indicators, including: significant economic growth, high level of employment, appreciating the currency as an indicator of stability of prices, foreign economic relations, foreign economic equilibrium or fair distribution of the income and the property. This is the partial list of the goals, but it is enough to demonstrate that goals are the only means (instruments) for realizing all-inclusive norms of basic public values.

scholarly journals Aspects of the Feminist Movement in the Albanian Monarchy (1928-1939)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Esilda Luku
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Queen Mother

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the Albanian feminist movement during the Monarchy and its impact on improving the social and economic status of the women. in the late 1920s, women's societies operating in different cities were suspended by the Albanian government due to the economic crises, the social and cultural backwardness and mainly because of the efforts to centralize the political power, putting under control the women's organizations, too. The monarchical government supported only the establishment of "Albanian Women" society in Tirana, under the patronage of Queen Mother and headed by Princess Sanie Zogu. It spread its activity among many Albanian cities and in diaspora and published a magazine periodically. The intention of the feminist movement in Albania was the education of girls and women, aimed at raising their cultural level, to overcome the old patriarchal mentality. The "Albanian Women" society contributed to the organization of courses against illiteracy for the emancipation of women which was closely related to the construction of a modern state. Secondly, the women's participation in the economic activity, such as old industries and handicrafts, would improve the female economic conditions and above all her position in family and society. The activity of "Albanian Women" society was helped by the governmental policies to increase the educational level of women, establishing Female Institutes, which played an important role in social progress and economic growth. Also the improvement of the legislation guaranteed women the civil rights, but unfortunately they didn't win the right to vote, as women in the developed countries. However, the Albanian feminist movement, despite the difficulties and its limitations, marked a significant effort concerning the national organization of women dedicated to their empowerment in community.

Philanthropy, CSR and Sustainability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1281-1304
Author(s):  
Arun Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Social

Despite business’s business being business, the business owners have been doing acts of benevolence depending upon the owner’s religion, faith, values and beliefs. Establishment of temples, mosques, churches, schools, hospitals etc. has been usual practice through which firms have shown their concern about the society and made contribution to the social cause. However, of late, it is observed that progressive businesses, after understanding the nuances of sustainable development and its reporting, have moved from philanthropic mode of contributing to society to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibity (CSR). Some of them have gone beyond CSR and have entered the domain of Strategic CSR. In the process, a new concept of Corporate Sustainability, which is based on Triple Bottom-line concept, has emerged in strategic management literature. Thus, today CSR activities are being aligned with the business strategy of the firm. In the developed countries, firms are increasingly integrating CSR with the core business activities e.g. innovation, marketing, finance etc. This article attempts to look into firm’s CSR and corporate sustainability with special reference to a developing country - India.

Digital and Inter-Generational Divide

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Paolo Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Digital Immigrants ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of

Digital divide can be considered a macro economical index representing the social differences and the separation between the North and the South of the world. Since the first definition of digital divide, it has been shown that it is also a great and unrecognized problem in the developed countries, especially in the field of education. “Digital disconnection” is a key problem for School and University as institutions. In this paper, the above questions are widely analyzed with a special attention on the spreading gap between digital natives (i.e., young students), and digital immigrants (i.e., parents, teachers and policymakers in the school).

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