scholarly journals Bioactive components and health effects of pecan nuts and their byproducts: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla ◽  
Rafael Urrea-López ◽  
Laura A. de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
By Products ◽  
Polymeric Structures ◽  
Potential Use

Pecan is a North American native tree that produces a stone fruit or kernel, commonly known as pecan nut,which is highly valuable worldwide due to its sensory quality, and health promoting properties derived from the presence of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and monomeric and polymeric polyphenolic compounds. The increase in the demand for pecan nut leads to an increase in by-products such as leaves, cake and principally nutshell, which have high contents of bioactive components, making them interesting raw materials to produce nutraceuticals with health benefits. The phytochemical content of pecan oil and kernel, as well as that of the main pecan by-products is discussed in detail, paying special attention to the presence of individual polyphenols with monomeric and polymeric structures. Finally, studies regarding the biological activity and potential use of pecan oil, kernel and by-products are summarized and discussed.

Generalized Bogue calculations for determining phase compatibility/equilibria: Assessing potential use of inorganic industrial by-products

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Majling ◽  
V. Jesenák ◽  
Della M. Roy ◽  
Rustum Roy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Equilibrium Phase Composition ◽  
Phase Compatibility ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

A method has been developed for determining the equilibrium phase composition of multicomponent systems at subsolidus conditions and atmospheric pressure, based on the knowledge of binary phase compatibilities and on information concerning the existence and stoichiometry of ternary and higher order compounds. The method, combined with material balance, enables computation of the changes of equilibrium phase compositions of fired products dependent on the proportions of multicomponent raw materials; the procedure is useful for assessing the exploitability of industrial wastes for production of binding materials and ceramics. It is also possible to find the raw material mixture composition needed for the desired phase composition of the fired product.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the PAL Enzymatic Activity and Polyphenolic Compounds in Leaves and Fruits of Two Myrtle Cultivars during Maturation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Silvia Medda ◽  
Leonarda Dessena ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Potential Use

The leaves and berries of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) are rich in phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavanols. The richness of these antioxidant compounds allows the potential use of myrtle biomasses as raw materials for medicinal and functional food products. Most of the phenolic compounds originate from the phenylpropanoid pathway, where phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activates the first step. The objective of this research is to study the activity of PAL as related to accumulation in the myrtle fruits and leaves of some phenolic compounds in the period between blossom and full berry ripening. With this aim, we compared two model genotypes with different fruit coloration. In leaves and berries of two cultivars, ‘Giovanna’ with pigmented berries and ‘Grazia’ with white berries, the PAL activity and content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins were determined with spectrophotometric methods. PAL activity was quite constant in leaves and variable in berries: Greater in berries of ‘Giovanna’ than in those of ‘Grazia’ cultivar, and increasing from berry color-break to full ripening. In berries, a positive correlation between PAL and flavonoids (r = 0.44), and between PAL and anthocyanins (r = 0.69), as well as a negative correlation between PAL and total polyphenols (r = −0.471), were found.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Vacuum Impregnation and High-Pressure Homogenization to Obtain Functional Products from Lulo Fruit (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Leidy Indira Hinestroza-Córdoba ◽  
Cristina Barrera ◽  
Lucía Seguí ◽  
Noelia Betoret
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Potential Use

Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a Colombian fruit that is mostly used in the preparation of homemade juice as well as natural remedy for hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical and antioxidant properties (antioxidant capacity, total phenols, flavonoids and spermidine content, and polyphenolic compounds profile by liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) of the lulo fruit and its juice. Additionally, vacuum impregnation (VI) properties of the fruit and the effect of high homogenization pressure (50, 100, and 150 MPa) on the juice properties were studied. The results revealed a good availability and impregnation capacity of the pores in fruits with similar maturity index. The main differences observed between the juice and fruit derive from removing solids and bioactive components in the filtering operation. However, the effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on particle size and bioactive compounds increases the antiradical capacity of the juice and the diversity in polyphenolics when increasing the homogenization pressure.

scholarly journals Olive Tree Leaves—A Source of Valuable Active Compounds

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Safarzadeh Markhali ◽  
José A. Teixeira ◽  
Cristina M. R. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Olive Tree Leaves ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
By Products

The agricultural and processing activities of olive crops generate a substantial amount of food by-products, particularly olive leaves, which are mostly underexploited, representing a significant threat to the environment. Olive leaves are endowed with endogenous bioactive compounds. Their beneficial/health-promoting potential, together with environmental protection and circular economy, merit their exploitation to recover and reuse natural components that are potentially safer alternatives to synthetic counterparts. These biomass residues have great potential for extended industrial applications in food/dietary systems but have had limited commercial uses so far. In this regard, many researchers have endeavoured to determine a green/sustainable means to replace the conventional/inefficient methods currently used. This is not an easy task as a sustainable bio-processing approach entails careful designing to maximise the liberation of compounds with minimum use of (i) processing time, (ii) toxic solvent (iii) fossil fuel energy, and (iv) overall cost. Thus, it is necessary to device viable strategies to (i) optimise the extraction of valuable biomolecules from olive leaves and enable their conversion into high added-value products, and (ii) minimise generation of agro-industrial waste streams. This review provides an insight to the principal bioactive components naturally present in olive leaves, and an overview of the existing/proposed methods associated with their analysis, extraction, applications, and stability.

scholarly journals Biochemical Composition of Cumin Seeds, and Biorefining Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmane Merah ◽  
Bouchra Sayed-Ahmad ◽  
Thierry Talou ◽  
Zeinab Saad ◽  
Muriel Cerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

A new biorefinery approach has been developed in the present study, and applied on cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds as a potential source of phytochemicals of interest. Cumin is a popular spice used widely for its distinctive aroma. It is a rich reserve of both vegetable and essential oils. The biorefinery approach here focused on the evaluation of the influence of four different geographical origins (i.e., Lebanon, France, Algeria and Syria) on oil yield and quality in cumin seed, and on the valorization of remaining by-products by investigating their nutritional content and biological activity for the first time. Vegetable and essential oils were extracted, and their compositions were determined. Nutritional traits were also assessed. The delipidated and hydrodistillated cakes just as aromatic water were characterized for their fiber, sugar, protein, phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. Cumin seeds showed high contents in both vegetable and essential oils, proteins and sugars regardless their origin. Moreover, this Apiaceae species exhibited high levels of petroselinic fatty acid (an isomer of oleic acid) and sterols. Cakes and aromatic water also presented high levels of proteins, fibers, sugars and phenols. These residues revealed interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These results emphasized the potential use of cumin in a biorefinery concept, with a multi-purpose industrial process. In addition, large differences were observed between the four geographical origins for phytochemical contents and compositions. These findings highlight the perspectives for developing selection programs for nutritional traits and industrial interests. All obtained results validate the health promoting effect of cumin composition as well as its industrial importance along with the residues.

scholarly journals Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nanni ◽  
Mariafederica Parisi ◽  
Martino Colonna
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Innovative Dried Purée from Jerusalem Artichoke—In Vitro Studies of Its Physicochemical and Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Paweł Rubiński ◽  
Tomasz Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Health Promoting

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke processing methods and drying methods (freeze drying, sublimation drying, vacuum drying) on the basic physicochemical parameters, profiles and contents of sugars and polyphenolic compounds, and health-promoting properties (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) of the produced purée. A total of 25 polyphenolic compounds belonging to hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids (LC-PDA-MS-QTof) were detected in Jerusalem artichoke purée. Their average content in the raw material was at 820 mg/100 g dm (UPLC-PDA-FL) and was 2.7 times higher than in the cooked material. The chemical composition and the health-promoting value of the purées were affected by the drying method, with the most beneficial values of the evaluated parameters obtained upon freeze drying. Vacuum drying could offer an alternative to freeze drying, as both methods ensured relatively comparable values of the assessed parameters.

scholarly journals Identification of Bioactive Compounds of Asparagus officinalis L.: Permutation Test Allows Differentiation among “Triguero” and Hybrid Green Varieties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Cecilia Jiménez-Sánchez ◽  
Fabián Pedregosa ◽  
Isabel Borrás-Linares ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

In this study, we determined the phytochemical profile of the Spanish “triguero” asparagus landrace “verde-morado” (Asparagus officinalis L.), a wild traditional landrace, and the improved “triguero” HT-801, together with two commercial green asparagus varieties. For comparison, we used reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS) followed by a permutation test applied using a resampling methodology valid under a relaxed set of assumptions, such as i.i.d. errors (not necessarily normal) that are exchangeable under the null hypothesis. As a result, we postulate that “triguero” varieties (the improved HT-801 followed by its parent “verde-morado”) have a significantly different phytochemical profile from that of the other two commercial hybrid green varieties. In particular, we found compounds specific to the “triguero” varieties, such as feruloylhexosylhexose isomers, or isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, which was found only in the “triguero” variety HT-801. Although studies relating the phytochemical content of “triguero” asparagus varieties to its health-promoting effects are required, this characteristic phytochemical profile can be used for differentiating and revalorizating these asparagus cultivars.

scholarly journals Bioactives from Bee Products and Accompanying Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Bioactive Components for Wound Healing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3770
Author(s):  
Željka Peršurić ◽  
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Diversity

In recent years, interest has surged among researchers to determine compounds from bee products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis and bee pollen, which are beneficial to human health. Mass spectrometry techniques have shown that bee products contain a number of proven health-promoting compounds but also revealed rather high diversity in the chemical composition of bee products depending on several factors, such as for example botanical sources and geographical origin. In the present paper, we present recent scientific advances in the field of major bioactive compounds from bee products and corresponding regenerative properties. We also discuss extracellular vesicles from bee products as a potential novel bioactive nutraceutical component. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membranous structures that show promising potential in various therapeutic areas. It has been extensively reported that the use of vesicles, which are naturally formed in plant and animal cells, as delivery agents have many advantages. Whether the use of extracellular vesicles from bee products represents a new solution for wound healing remains still to be elucidated. However, promising results in specific applications of the bee products in wound healing and tissue regenerative properties of extracellular vesicles provide a good rationale to further explore this idea.

scholarly journals Anti-Fatigue Effect of a Dietary Supplement from the Fermented By-Products of Taiwan Tilapia Aquatic Waste and Monostroma nitidum Oligosaccharide Complex

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Chun-Yen Kuo ◽  
Zwe-Ling Kong ◽  
Chin-Ying Lai ◽  
Guan-Wen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Monostroma Nitidum ◽  
By Products

The Taiwan Tilapia is an important aquaculture product in Taiwan. The aquatic by-products generated during Tilapia processing, such as fish bones and skin, are rich in minerals and protein. We aimed to explore the effect of a dietary supplement, comprising a mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides as the raw materials, combined with physical training on exercise performance and fatigue. We used a mouse model that displays a phenotype of accelerated aging. Male senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into two control groups—with or without physical training—and supplemented with different doses (0.5 times: 412 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day; 1 time: 824 mg/kg BW/day; 2 times: 1648 mg/kg BW/day) of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharide-containing mixture and combined with exercise training groups. Exercise performance was determined by testing forelimb grip strength and with a weight-bearing exhaustive swimming test. Animals were sacrificed to collect physical fatigue-related biomarkers. Mice dosed at 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day showed improvement in their exercise performance (p < 0.05). In terms of biochemical fatigue indicators, supplementation of 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day doses of test substances could effectively reduce blood urea nitrogen concentration and lactate concentration and increase the lactate ratio (p < 0.05) and liver glycogen content post-exercise (p < 0.05). Based on the above results, the combination of physical training and consumption of a dietary supplementation mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides could improve the exercise performance of mice and help achieve an anti-fatigue effect.

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