Влияние условий магнетронного распыления на структуру Zr-Pd покрытий

Structureless Zr75Pd25 amorphous metal coatings were obtained using DC magnetron sputtering with an average deposition rate of 1.3 nm/s and a substrate temperature of 40 oC, as well as the crystalline coatings at a higher temperature. The equilibrium phase composition is observed at a temperature 350 oC. At intermediate temperature mainly the PdZr phase is formed against the equilibrium PdZr2 phase. The roughness of the obtained amorphous coatings is of 0.2–0.5 nm, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of crystalline coatings of the same composition.

Modeling of the refractory's and slag's phase composition, the slag adjustment optimization and the ladle refining slag's stabilization

The modeling technique was proposed for the phase formation in the CaO‒MgO‒Al2O3‒SiO2‒FeO‒Fe2O3multicomponent oxide system. The technique can be used to predict the equilibrium phase composition for both the refractory and refractory-slag systems, as well as to modify the metallurgical slag's chemical composition, to extent the metallurgical unit's refractory service life, and in order to attaint the refractory-slag systems the mineral binding properties.Ill. 2. Ref. 7. Tab. 8.

Kinetic Description of (Cr, Fe)7C3 Carbide Dissolution in Austenite of High-Carbon Fe-Cr-C Ternary Alloys

The paper examines the available experimental data to produce a model for quantitative prediction of the change of M7C3 carbide fraction and austenite chemical composition during holding of ternary alloys Fe–Cr–C (used as wear-resistant white cast irons and tool steels) in austenite + carbide region. Carbide dissolution is well described by Avrami type equation with exponent n close to 1/2. Dependences of the coefficient of this equation on carbide fraction and of the activation energy of the temperature dependence of this coefficient on carbide composition are established. As a result, a model that permits to calculate the fraction and chemical composition of austenite and M7C3 carbide in an Fe–Cr–C alloy of arbitrary composition after isothermal holding at given temperature for given time is obtained; equilibrium phase composition is needed to be known from thermodynamic models. This allows predicting the results of hardening after different austenitization regimes.

A Simulated Experiment for Examining the Effect of Errors in the Composition of the Equilibrium Liquid-Vapour Phases on the Calculated Number of Theoretical Stages of a Rectification Column

Five model binary systems differing in the relative volatilities and their changes were used to simulate the effect of random errors and bias in the L-G equilibrium phase composition on the calculation of the number of theoretical stages of a continuously working rectification column in various operating conditions.

Generalized Bogue calculations for determining phase compatibility/equilibria: Assessing potential use of inorganic industrial by-products

A method has been developed for determining the equilibrium phase composition of multicomponent systems at subsolidus conditions and atmospheric pressure, based on the knowledge of binary phase compatibilities and on information concerning the existence and stoichiometry of ternary and higher order compounds. The method, combined with material balance, enables computation of the changes of equilibrium phase compositions of fired products dependent on the proportions of multicomponent raw materials; the procedure is useful for assessing the exploitability of industrial wastes for production of binding materials and ceramics. It is also possible to find the raw material mixture composition needed for the desired phase composition of the fired product.