scholarly journals What Does Nasal Cavity Size Tell us about Functional Nasal Airways?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Heuzé
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Human Skulls

Studies on dry human skulls have shown that nasal cavity (NC) morphology varies with eco-geographic factors. These findings have been used by some authors to interpret the facial morphology of Neanderthals. However, respiratory and air-conditioning functions are primarily carried out by the nasal airways (NA), which are delimited by mucosa. The aims of this study were to test whether: (1) NC volume (V) and surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA/ V) are proportional to NA counterparts; (2) measurements for male NC and NA are larger than in females; (3) the centroid size (CS) of a set of landmarks measured on NC provides a reliable proxy for NC V. Head CT (computed tomography) images of adult patients (N = 30) at the University Hospital of Bordeaux were selected retrospectively. NA were defined by segmenting the lumen corresponding to the functional volume. NC was defined by adding to NA the soft tissues delimited by the bones forming the NC. The coordinates of 16 landmarks measured on NC bones were recorded. A rather low correlation was found between NA and NC V while NA SA/V and NC SA/V were not correlated. No significant differences were found between male and female NA and NC measurements. A rather low correlation was found between NC Vand NC CS. If these preliminary results were to be confirmed by future studies, results using NC as a proxy for NA focusing on air-conditioning and respiratory energetics might need to be re-interpreted.

scholarly journals Dental Condition as A Factor Modifying the Transmission of the Sound Vibration in the Skull Bones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Slawomir Balinski ◽  
Monika Morawska-Kochman ◽  
Romuald Bolejko ◽  
Krzysztof Dudek ◽  
Marek Bochnia
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Acoustic Vibrations ◽  
Hearing Acuity ◽  
Time Inconsistent ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Least Energy ◽  
Sound Vibration

Dental deficiencies coexist with hearing loss, and dental treatment can improve hearing acuity. To prove that different dentition affects the transmission of acoustic vibrations through bone conduction, we prepared six dry human skulls to reconstruct teeth and soft tissues. We measured the transmission of vibrations from the maxilla to the cochlea, in the toothless jaw (TJ), jaw with lateral defects with frame dentures (FD), toothless jaw with complete dentures (CD), and jaw with reconstructed dentition (RD). Each skull was flexibly suspended. The maxilla was stimulated with the bone vibrator Radioear B71. The vibrations of the pyramid were measured perpendicularly using the Polytec PSV-400-M2 scanning vibrometer. Characteristics of frequencies differed simultaneously on the left (l) and right (r) side of each skull. In all states (from 234 Hz to 5 kHz), we identified 10–21 resonant (R) and 9–21 antiresonant (AR) frequencies unilaterally (+/− 5%). In about 30% of cases, they were each time inconsistent with the “physiological” state-RD. In the 500 Hz–2 kHz frequency range (necessary for understanding speech), the effective vibrations velocities vRMS (mm/s) near cochlea were significantly lower in RD than in tree states, where (depending on the dentures) the least energy reached cochlea in FD and the most in TJ.

scholarly journals Evaluation of transverse maxillary growth on cone-beam computed tomography images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Seubert ◽  
Laurence Gaalaas ◽  
Brent E. Larson ◽  
Thorsten Grünheid
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Lateral Walls

AbstractThis study aimed at quantifying the annual transverse growth of the maxilla using skeletal landmarks in three different regions on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. CBCT scans taken before and after orthodontic treatment of 100 child and adolescent patients (50 male, 50 female) without maxillary transverse deficiencies were used to determine the transverse linear distances between the greater palatine foramina (GPFd), the lateral walls of the nasal cavity (NCd), and the infraorbital foramina (IOFd). We found that all distances increased significantly with growth in both genders (p < 0.001). The overall average annual change was 0.5 mm for GPFd, 0.3 mm for NCd, and 0.7 mm for IOFd. Males generally had greater annual changes than females for GPFd and IOFd, but not NCd. There were weak, statistically not significant (p > 0.05) correlations between patient age and the annual changes in GPFd, NCd, and IOFd. These results suggest that the positions of the greater palatine foramina, the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and the infraorbital foramina change consistently with maxillary transverse growth. Clinicians can use the growth rates as population averages to more confidently estimate the amount of skeletal transverse deficiency or evaluate the long-term effects of maxillary expansion treatment.

Development of a nasal cast model to test medicinal nasal devices

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hughes ◽  
J Watterson ◽  
C Dickens ◽  
D Ward ◽  
A Banaszek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Nasal Drug Delivery ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

Bespak, a division of Consort Medical plc, and Queen's University Belfast have developed a viable and unique in-vitro testing capability for nasal drug delivery devices. The aim was to evaluate and optimize current and conceptual drug delivery devices by quantifying the deposition of drug in the various distinct regions of the nasal cavity. The development of this test apparatus employed computed tomography (CT) scan data of the human nasal cavity to construct an accurate representation of the human nasal airways. An investigation of suitable materials and manufacturing technologies was required, together with extensive analytical method development. It is possible for this technique to be further developed in an attempt to create a standardized apparatus based on nasal geometry that can be used to compare accurately deposition from drug delivery devices. This paper presents the issues encountered in the development of this test apparatus, including manufacturing and material limitations, investigation and choice of suitable materials, laboratory testing considerations, and the steps required to validate the analytical process.

Analysis on the Application of the VRF Air-Conditioning Compressor in the Field of Freezing and Cold Storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 1374-1377
Author(s):  
Yon Gan Yang ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Qiu Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Intermediate Pressure ◽  
Good Market

This paper introduces the program that the compound compression is achieved through adopting the grouping ways of the VRF air-conditioning compressor, and draws the conclusion that when using the refrigerant R410a, the compound compression is feasible for the evaporating temperature higher than-36°C. The application of the variable-frequency compressor of the air-conditioner and the method of thermodynamic calculation of the single-stage throttle and incomplete inter-cooling are discussed. For guaranteeing the optimal intermediate pressure and adjusting the volume ratio, to utilize the VRF air-conditioning compressor has strong advantages and good market prospects.

scholarly journals Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on the dimension of the nasal cavity and on facial morphology assessed by acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Enoki Itikawa ◽  
Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera ◽  
Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto ◽  
Wilma Terezinha Anselmo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on facial morphology and on nasal cavity dimensions of mouth breathing children by acoustic rhinometry and computed rhinomanometry. METHODS: Cohort; 29 mouth breathing children with posterior crossbite were evaluated. Orthodontic and otorhinolaryngologic documentation were performed at three different times, i.e., before expansion, immediately after and 90 days following expansion. RESULTS: The expansion was accompanied by an increase of the maxillary and nasal bone transversal width. However, there were no significant differences in relation to mucosal area of the nose. Acoustic rhinometry showed no difference in the minimal cross-sectional area at the level of the valve and inferior turbinate between the periods analyzed, although rhinomanometry showed a statistically significant reduction in nasal resistance right after expansion, but were similar to pre-treatment values 90 days after expansion. CONCLUSION: The maxillary expansion increased the maxilla and nasal bony area, but was inefficient to increase the nasal mucosal area, and may lessen the nasal resistance, although there was no difference in nasal geometry. Significance: Nasal bony expansion is followed by a mucosal compensation.

Age Estimation Based on Pulp Cavity to Tooth Volume Ratio Using Postmortem Computed Tomography Images

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Sakuma ◽  
Hisako Saitoh ◽  
Yoichi Suzuki ◽  
Yohsuke Makino ◽  
Go Inokuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

scholarly journals Digital Workflow for Periodontal Crown Lengthening in Treatment of Altered Passive Eruption: Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Vilma A Umanzor ◽  
Hugo H Romero ◽  
Zamir Kafati ◽  
Ana Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Guifarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
Precise Representation ◽  
Crown Lengthening

This paper describes the treatment of a patient diagnosed clinically and based on cone beam computed tomography images with excessive gingival display caused by altered passive eruption Type 1B. A digitally computer designed and 3-D printed surgical guide was fabricated for crown lengthening to provide periodontal esthetics. The combination of intraoral scanners and cone-beam computerized tomography images, and use of planning software, provides a very precise representation of the real conditions of the hard and soft tissues. The design and fabrication of computer surgical guides can improve precision and predictability for surgical procedures and can be superior to conventional free-handed surgery in terms of efficiency and treatment outcomes. Surgical experience and general understanding of computer assisted systems and thorough knowledge of conventional protocols is mandatory to make routine use of these systems. To select a treatment modality, the etiology must be clearly identified and the patient has to be informed of his options for treatment which for this condition are a gingivectomy or an apically positioned flap with or without osseous reduction determined by the type of altered passive eruption.

scholarly journals Management of Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis at the Pediatric Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widad Lahmini ◽  
mounir bourrous
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Orbital Cellulitis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Subperiosteal Abscess ◽  
Preseptal Cellulitis ◽  
Orbital Abscess ◽  
Positive Evolution

Abstract Background : Orbital cellulitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, jeopardizing the vital and functional prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutional aspects of orbital cellulitis cases treated at the pediatric emergency unit. Patients and methods: retrospective study including all the children aged between 1 month and 15 years treated for orbital cellulitis at the pediatric emergency unit of the Mohamed VI University Hospital of Marrakech over a period of 9 years (1st January 2010-31st December 2018). Results: 129 cases of orbital cellulitis were gathered. Age varied between 1 month and 15 years with a median of age of 4.3 years. Feminine predominance (54%) was noted (sex ratio of 0.84). Preseptal cellulitis had the lead with 101 cases (78.2%). It mainly breaks through sinuses (24%). Fever was present in 101 patients (78.2%). Palpebral edema was constant. Exophthalmia was noted in 18 patients (13.9%), chemosis in 29 cases (22.4%) while ptosis was found in one patient. Bacteriological study conducted in 12 cases was positive in 7 cases. An orbital CT scan was performed in all cases of our study, showing preseptal cellulitis in 101 patients (78.2%), orbital cellulitis in 11 cases (8.5%), subperiosteal abscess in 15 cases (11.6%) and orbital abscess in 2 cases (1.5%). The medical treatment consisted of ceftriaxone, metronidazole and aminoside or amoxicilline clavulanic acid. Surgical treatment was indicated in 8 patients : 3 cases of orbital abscess, 2 cases of periosteal abscess, and 3 cases of abscessed collection of the soft tissues. The evolution was beneficial in all our patients. Conclusion: The majority of our cases had a positive evolution highlighting the advantage of an early diagnosis, and adapted antibiotic and a multidisciplinary patient care making the need for surgery rarely necessary.

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