scholarly journals Contrast enhancement of soft tissues in computed tomography images

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Lerman ◽  
Daniela S. Raicu ◽  
Jacob D. Furst
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

Computed Tomography of Lipomatous and Myxoid Tumors

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lindahl ◽  
G. Markhede ◽  
Ö. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Attenuation Values

Thirty-two lipomatous and myxoid tumors were examined by computed tomography (CT). An attempt was made to correlate the radiographic appearance of the tumor to different histologic types of these tumors. It was found that a well delineated lipomatous lesion with uniform radiographic density, an attenuation value below −73 Hounsfield units (HU) and absence of contrast enhancement can be considered strongly suggestive of a benign lipoma. Atypical lipomas, myxoma and well differentiated liposarcomas have good delineation against the surrounding tissue with no peripheral hypervascularity in the majority of cases. The attenuation values varied between −83 and +38 HU. Liposarcomas of myxoid type, mixed myxoid and round-cell type, round-cell type, and pleomorphic type were all poorly delineated with attenuation values between +12 and +38 HU and with varying contrast enhancement. Thus CT can be considered to play an important role in the preoperative evaluation of lipomatous and myxoid tumors of the soft tissues. Besides valuable topographic information CT helps, to some extent, to differentiate between various types of lipomatous tumors.

scholarly journals Head Computed Tomography Images of HIV/AIDS Patients with Suspected Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ria Wibawani ◽  
Bambang Soeprijanto ◽  
Widiana Ferriastuti ◽  
Erwin A Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Perifocal Edema ◽  
Head Computed Tomography ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular pathogenic parasite with the majority of co-infections occurring in HIV/AIDS patients. This study assesses the head computed tomography (CT) images of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design using head CT images of 35 HIV/AIDS patients with suspected cerebral toxoplasmosis. Variables include lesion type, location, size, CD4 count, and therapeutic result with anti-cerebral toxoplasmosis. All data analysed descriptively.Results: From total 110, 35 patients met the inclusion criteria. 24 patients (68.6%) were male and 11 (31.4%) female, average age, was 36.1. 8 patients (22.3%) had lesions in cortical, 31 patients (88.6%) had < 1 cm lesion. Single lesions mainly calcified and found in the right centrum semiovale while multiple lesions were subcortical. A hypodense lesion with rim or nodular contrast enhancement is found in 75% of patients with CD4 > 200 in contrast to slight rim contrast enhancement and perifocal edema in patients with CD4 < 200. 20 patients (57.4%) had improved condition after anti-toxoplasmosis therapy.Conclusion: Cerebral toxoplasmosis lesions in HIV/AIDS patients have various types of imaging findings, mostly multiple, with most frequent location being cortical and diameter < 1 cm. Total recovery is achieved in the majority of patients with therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in CBCT images from the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service at UNAB, Viña del Mar, Chile.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Patricio Meléndez-Rojas ◽  
◽  
Leniz Arancibia-Mesas ◽  
Carolina Poblete-Carrasco ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiology Service ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology

Soft tissue calcifications can indicate the presence of more serious, potentially life-threatening pathologies. Therefore, their study can lead to an early diagnosis of those conditions that have not yet become clinically apparent. Main objective: To determine the prevalence of calcifications in soft tissues of the head and neck in cone beam computed tomography images obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service at Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB), Viña del Mar, Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study. A total of 288 images of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were used. Images were obtained at random from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service at UNAB, Viña Del Mar, between 2014 and 2019. Results: A prevalence of 59.72% of soft tissue calcifications was obtained. The most prevalent were: tonsilloliths and calcified stylohyoid ligament, accounting for 30.65% and 45.56%, respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications was found in a population that has not been studied previously; therefore, it is important that the dentist perform a detailed analysis of the cone beam computed tomography.

An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Sun ◽  
Dongjiang Ji ◽  
Changhong Cong ◽  
Wenjuan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffusion Filtering ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

In-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low-Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL-PCCT utilizes filtered back-projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high-quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL-PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL-PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight-neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp–Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL-PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high-quality computed tomography images from few-view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL-PCCT.

scholarly journals Patterns of failure in anaplastic and differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vulpe ◽  
J.Y.Y. Kwan ◽  
A. McNiven ◽  
J.D. Brierley ◽  
R. Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Patterns Of Failure ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Level Ii

Background The radiotherapy (rt) volumes in anaplastic (atc) and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (dtc) are controversial.Methods We retrospectively examined the patterns of failure after postoperative intensity-modulated rt for atc and dtc. Computed tomography images were rigidly registered with the original rt plans. Recurrences were considered in-field if more than 95% of the recurrence volume received 95% of the prescribed dose, out-of-field if less than 20% received 95% of the dose, and marginal otherwise.Results Of 30 dtc patients, 4 developed regional recurrence: 1 being in-field (level iii), and 3 being out-of-field (all level ii). Of 5 atc patients, all 5 recurred at 7 sites: 2 recurrences being local, and 5 being regional [2 marginal (intramuscular to the digastric and sternocleidomastoid), 3 out-of-field (retropharyngeal, soft tissues near the manubrium, and lateral to the sternocleidomastoid)].Conclusions In dtc, locoregional recurrence is unusual after rt. Out-of-field dtc recurrences infrequently occurred in level ii. Enlarged treatment volumes to level ii must be balanced against a potentially greater risk of toxicity.

scholarly journals Assessment of available sites for palatal orthodontic mini-implants through cone-beam computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-523
Author(s):  
Xinwei Lyu ◽  
Jiusi Guo ◽  
Liangrui Chen ◽  
Yi Gao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the palatal thickness of both hard and soft tissues and to determine safe regions for the placement of mini-implants. The influences of sex and age on palatal thickness were also examined. Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomography images of 30 patients (12 males, 18 females), including 15 adults and 15 adolescents, were used in this study. The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue, soft tissue, and hard+soft tissues were measured at the coronal planes of first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars (P1, P2, M1, and M2 planes, respectively). Results The hard tissue was thickest at the P1 plane, followed by at the P2, M1, and M2 planes, while the thickness of soft tissue was similar among the four planes. The trends in the changes of palatal thickness from midline to the lateral sides (V-pattern) were similar for the four planes. Palatal thickness was influenced by sex, age, and their interaction. Mapping of recommended and optimal sites for palatal mini-implants was accomplished. Conclusions Sex and age factors could influence palatal thickness. Therefore, the findings might be helpful for clinicians in guiding them to choose the optimal sites for palatal mini-implants.

scholarly journals Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography images in the region of head and neck

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandeberg Diniz ◽  
Elaine Cristina De Carvalho Beda Correa de Araújo ◽  
Bianca Costa Gonçalves ◽  
Karolina Aparecida Castilho Fardim ◽  
Luiz Roberto C Manhães Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Imaging Science

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of calcifications in the soft tissues of the cervical-facial region using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: two hundred and ten CBCT exames was analyzed by 01 examiner previously trained, with fild of view (FOV) of 16 x 13 cm and voxel of 0.25 mm, in ICAT Vision software (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, PA, USA) in coronal, axial and sagittal sections. The following calcifications were evaluated: tonsiloliths, sialolites, calcification of the styloid complex, calcified carotid atheromas, calcifications in laryngeal cartilages, calcified lymph nodes and osteoma cutis. The findings were tabulated according to the total of the sample, related to the gender, age group of the individuals. Results: Calcification of the styloid complex was the most frequent in the sample studied in both genres (39.04%), followed by the presence of tonsiloliths (19.52%), and calcified lymph nodes (6,67%). Conclusion: calcifications are frequent radiographic findings in CBCT and important for the diagnosis of some possible pathologies that do not present clinical symptoms.KEYWORDSCone-beam computed tomography; Prevalence; Soft tissue calcification.

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