Evaluation and Quality Control of Dry-Jet-Mixed Clay Soil-Cement Columns by Standard Penetration Test

2003 ◽  
Vol 1849 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyu Liu ◽  
Roman D. Hryciw
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Soil Cement

Dry jet mixing has been widely used since the 1980s for stabilization of soft soil. The quality and strength of the dry-jet-mixed columns must be evaluated to confirm the success of the stabilization. The standard penetration test (SPT) is shown to be a simple and effective method for this task. The strength characteristics along the length of the column were determined, and correlations between the SPT blow count and the unconfined compressive strength were developed.

Experimental study on strength of cement stabilized clay

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo‐Sik Kim ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tam ◽  
Du‐Hwoe Jung
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Mixing Method

This paper describes the effect of factors on the strength characteristics of cement treated clay from laboratory tests performed on cement mixed clay specimens. It is considered that several factors such as soil type, sample preparing method, quantity of binder, curing time, etc. can have an effect on strength characteristics of cement stabilized clay. A series of unconfined compression tests have been performed on samples prepared with different conditions. The results indicated that soil type, mixing method, curing time, dry weight ratio of cement to clay (Aw), and water‐clay to cement (wc/c) ratio were main factors which can have an influence on unconfined compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and failure strain of cement stabilized clay. Unconfined compressive strength of soil‐cement samples prepared from dry mixing method was higher than those prepared from wet mixing method.

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CLAY SOIL STABILISED WITH BIOMASS SILICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Kasim ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Nur Amalina Abdul Rahman ◽  
Choy Soon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This study presents the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and microstructure of clay soil stabilized with locally made Biomass Silica (BS) in the form of SH-85. Since the construction of highway on soft soil raises many problems due to its low strength, understanding about the basic characteristics of soft clay and mixed with BS, play important role for improving the strength of the soft clay. The study carried out had the specific objectives to determine engineering properties of soft clay, to investigate the UCS of soft clay treated with BS and to analyze microstructure of the soft soil treated by BS with respect to various curing periods. In this study, 30 samples of clay soil were prepared under various curing periods (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) and mixed with BS at various percentages (5 %, 7 % and 9 %). The test results show that BS can increase the strength of the clay soil. The 9% BS treated sample for 7 days curing time achieved UCS of 710 kPa. This was approximately 6 times greater than that of untreated soil strength. The highest strength was 1216 kPa at 28 days curing for soil mixed with 9% BS. The images of Scanning Electron Microscopic show that the voids of the clay would filled by the new component resulted by the reaction of BS stabilizer with the natural clay samples. This led to a continuous soil fabric resulting with stronger and denser soil.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soft Soil-Cement Mixtures with or without GGBFS in the Coastal Area of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Son Bui Truong ◽  
Nu Nguyen Thi ◽  
Duong Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Cement

Soft soil is widely distributed in Vietnam, especially in the coastal area. In engineering practice, soft soil cannot be used to build any construction and needs to be improved or treated before building construction. In addition, Vietnam has many pig-iron or thermal power plants, which annually produce a huge amount of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). Thus, the use of this material for soft soil improvement needs to be considered. This paper presents experimental results on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of three Vietnam’s soft soils treated with Portland cement and Portland cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Binder dosage used in this study is 250, 300, and 350 kg/m3 with the three different water/cement ratios of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0, respectively. The research results showed that the UCS of soil-cement mixtures depends on soil type, water/cement ratio, cement type, and binder content. Accordingly, the unconfined compressive strength increased with the increase of binder contents, the decrease of the natural water content of soft soil, water/cement ratios, and clay content. The highest value of UCS of treated soils was found for the soil at Site II with the Portland cement content, cement GGBFS, and water/cement ratio of 873 kg/m3, 2355 kg/m3, and 0.8, respectively. Besides, for all the three soils and two binder types, the water/cement ratio of 0.8 was found to be suitable to reach the highest UCS values of treated soil. The research results also showed that the UCS of treated soil with cement GGBFS was higher than that of treated soil with Portland cement. This indicated the effectiveness of the use of Portland cement with GGBFS in soft soil improvement. There is great potential for reducing the environmental problems regarding the waste materials from pig-iron plants in Vietnam and the construction cost as well.

Modified Standard Penetration Test for Drilled Shaft Design in Weak Fine-Grained Rocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110378
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Stark ◽  
Ahmed K. Baghdady ◽  
Abdolreza Osouli ◽  
Heather Shoup ◽  
Michael A. Short
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Drilled Shafts ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Weak Rocks ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Linear Slope ◽  
Penetration Tests

Standard penetration tests (SPTs) have been used to estimate strength parameters of soils and weak rocks when it is difficult to obtain high-quality samples for laboratory shear testing. SPTs require 45 cm (18 in.) of split-spoon sampler penetration to determine the blowcounts per 0.3 m (1 ft), which is difficult to impossible to obtain in weak rock, that is, intermediate geomaterials. As a result, a modified SPT is presented here for sampler penetrations less than 45 cm (18 in.) in weak rocks. This new procedure is termed the modified standard penetration test (MSPT) and uses the penetration rate, not the sum of penetration blowcounts per 0.3 m, to estimate the unconfined compressive strength for the design of drilled shafts in weak fine-grained rocks. The penetration rate is the inverse of the linear slope of the penetration depth versus blowcount relationship. With this new test and interpretation procedure, 45 cm (18 in.) of sampler penetration is no longer required to estimate the unconfined compressive strength of weak rocks. An empirical correlation between MSPT penetration rate and laboratory-measured unconfined compressive strength is presented here for weak Illinois shale. This correlation could be used to estimate the unconfined compressive strength for the design of drilled shafts in weak rocks.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Improvement of Marine Soft Soil with Alkali Residue

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
SHAO Yong ◽  
LIU Xiao-li ◽  
ZHU Jin-jun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
One Year

Industrial alkali slag is the discharge waste in the process of alkali production. About one million tons of alkali slag is discharged in China in one year. It is a burden on the environment, whether it is directly stacked or discharged into the sea. If we can realize the use of resources, it is a multi-pronged move, so alkali slag is used to improve solidified marine soft soil in this paper. The test results show that the alkali residue can effectively improve the engineering properties of marine soft soil. Among them, the unconfined compressive strength and compressive modulus are increased by about 10 times, and the void ratio and plasticity index can all reach the level of general clay. It shows that alkali slag has the potential to improve marine soft soil and can be popularized in engineering.

scholarly journals Analysis of strength characteristics of carbon fiber–reinforced microbial solidified sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401988442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongkang Qiu ◽  
Huawei Tong ◽  
Xiaotian Fang ◽  
Yuan Liao ◽  
Yadong Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Soil Process ◽  
The Impact

Microbial solidified sand effectively enhances the strength of the soil, but it will cause brittle failure. In order to reduce the impact of microbial solidification sand brittleness, an improved method for adding carbon fiber to microbial solidified sand is proposed. The qualitative analysis was based on unconfined compressive strength test, calcium carbonate content determination, and penetration test. The results show that the addition of fiber in the microbial solidified sand can significantly increase the unconfined compressive strength of the sample. The unconfined compressive strength of the sample increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber addition. The addition of fibers during the soil process enhances the toughness of the specimen and causes plastic damage during the failure of the specimen. Based on the analysis of the microstructure of the sample, the effect of fiber bundles on the strength characteristics of the sample is discussed when the fiber content is higher than the optimal fiber content. The addition of carbon fiber to microbial solidified sand can greatly improve the strength of the sample and increase the toughness, which plays a positive role in improving the safety and stability of the project.

Physical properties, electrical resistivity, and strength characteristics of carbonated silty soil admixed with reactive magnesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Cai ◽  
Y.J. Du ◽  
S.Y. Liu ◽  
D.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Reactive Magnesia

Soil electrical resistivity has been used quite extensively for assessing mechanical properties of chemically treated soils in the recent past. One of the most innovative applications of this technique could be in the field of ground improvement wherein carbonated reactive magnesia (MgO) is employed for treating soils. With this in view, a systematic study that targets the application of electrical resistivity to correlate physical and strength characteristics of the carbonated reactive MgO-admixed silty soil is initiated, and its details are presented in this manuscript. To achieve this, reactive MgO-admixed soils were carbonized by exposing them to CO2 for different durations, and subsequently their electrical resistivity and unconfined compressive strength were measured. In this context, the role of a parameter, the ratio of the initial water content of the virgin soil to reactive MgO content (designated as w0/c), has been highlighted. It has also been demonstrated that w0/c is able to correlate, uniquely and precisely, with the physicochemical parameters of the soils (viz., unit weight, water content at failure, porosity, degree of saturation, and soil pH), electrical resistivity, and unconfined compressive strength at various carbonation times. In addition, microstructural properties have been obtained from the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. These properties have been used to substantiate the findings related to the carbonation of the reactive MgO-admixed soils.

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