UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CLAY SOIL STABILISED WITH BIOMASS SILICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Kasim ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Nur Amalina Abdul Rahman ◽  
Choy Soon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This study presents the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and microstructure of clay soil stabilized with locally made Biomass Silica (BS) in the form of SH-85. Since the construction of highway on soft soil raises many problems due to its low strength, understanding about the basic characteristics of soft clay and mixed with BS, play important role for improving the strength of the soft clay. The study carried out had the specific objectives to determine engineering properties of soft clay, to investigate the UCS of soft clay treated with BS and to analyze microstructure of the soft soil treated by BS with respect to various curing periods. In this study, 30 samples of clay soil were prepared under various curing periods (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) and mixed with BS at various percentages (5 %, 7 % and 9 %). The test results show that BS can increase the strength of the clay soil. The 9% BS treated sample for 7 days curing time achieved UCS of 710 kPa. This was approximately 6 times greater than that of untreated soil strength. The highest strength was 1216 kPa at 28 days curing for soil mixed with 9% BS. The images of Scanning Electron Microscopic show that the voids of the clay would filled by the new component resulted by the reaction of BS stabilizer with the natural clay samples. This led to a continuous soil fabric resulting with stronger and denser soil.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Improvement of Marine Soft Soil with Alkali Residue

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
SHAO Yong ◽  
LIU Xiao-li ◽  
ZHU Jin-jun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
One Year

Industrial alkali slag is the discharge waste in the process of alkali production. About one million tons of alkali slag is discharged in China in one year. It is a burden on the environment, whether it is directly stacked or discharged into the sea. If we can realize the use of resources, it is a multi-pronged move, so alkali slag is used to improve solidified marine soft soil in this paper. The test results show that the alkali residue can effectively improve the engineering properties of marine soft soil. Among them, the unconfined compressive strength and compressive modulus are increased by about 10 times, and the void ratio and plasticity index can all reach the level of general clay. It shows that alkali slag has the potential to improve marine soft soil and can be popularized in engineering.

Evaluation and Quality Control of Dry-Jet-Mixed Clay Soil-Cement Columns by Standard Penetration Test

2003 ◽  
Vol 1849 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyu Liu ◽  
Roman D. Hryciw
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Soil Cement

Dry jet mixing has been widely used since the 1980s for stabilization of soft soil. The quality and strength of the dry-jet-mixed columns must be evaluated to confirm the success of the stabilization. The standard penetration test (SPT) is shown to be a simple and effective method for this task. The strength characteristics along the length of the column were determined, and correlations between the SPT blow count and the unconfined compressive strength were developed.

Analysis of Curing Agent on the Strength of Lightweight Soil Using Recycled Sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1382-1386
Author(s):  
Guo Cai Wang ◽  
Lin Chun Yu ◽  
Ling Sha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

In order to study the inorganic composite curing agents of lime, gypsum, fly ash on the strength properties of EPS lightweight soil using recycled sludge, the unconfined compressive strength test and scanning electron microscope test are done to investigate the strength properties of EPS lightweight soil. The effect and scope of each curing agent is investigated and determined by means of single-doped unconfined compressive strength test, and the optimum proportion of the curing agent is further determined by the method of orthogonal unconfined compressive strength test, of which the stabilized effectiveness of the lightweight soil is compared with those only using cement as curing agent. Finally, the SEM test is done to study the microstructure and pore characteristics of the lightweight soil mixed with EPS adding with or without curing agent. The test results and curing agent can be used as conference when stabilizing soft soil and treatment of discarded clay.

scholarly journals Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength and Atterberg Limit of Soft Clay by Stabilizing with Sodium Silicate and Biomass Silica in Batu Pahat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirul Najmi Shukri ◽  
◽  
Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Determine Effect ◽  
Problematic Soil

Soft clay soils can be considered as problematic soil with the characteristic of high compressibility, low permeability and low shear strength. Construction on soft clay deposit may causes problem such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement problem and instability on excavation and embankment. Ground improvement methods were used as the aimed of this study is to determine the effect of non-traditional stabilizer on the compressive strength of soft clay soils. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine effect of compressive strength of untreated and treated soft clay soil with addition of non-traditional stabilizer at different curing periods. The soil properties of soft clay soil such as compaction, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) testing methods were used to observe the performance of treated and untreated samples. The test results from the UCS indicated that once Biomass Silica and Sodium Silicate in the form of SH-85 and TX-85 have been added to the clay soil, the strength of the sample will increase with increasing percent of sodium silicate and curing periods.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

Experimental Research on the Engineering Properties of Foam-Improved Red Clay Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Guo Gang Qiao ◽  
Da Jun Yuan ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Improvement Measures

Red clay soil is widely distributed in south China, the microstructure of red clay soil was studied applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) test found that a large number of swelling inducing minerals, for example, montmorillonite, illite-montmorillonite or chlorite-smectite were contained in the red clay soil. Shield tunneling in this kind of stratum is prone to arising “cake” and “arch” phenomena and it prone to lead screw conveyor device unsmooth dumping, so soil improvement measures must be taken. Foam as the most advanced soil conditioner has been widely used in shield construction. Using self-developed foam agent, experimental research on foam conditioning red clay soil was carried out, test results show that foam can not only significantly reduce the soil shear strength, but also can greatly enhance the soil's compressibility and fluidity, which is significant for the smooth dumping and excavation face stability maintenance.

scholarly journals Design Charts for Axially Loaded Single Pile Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Abdul Khuder Mohamad Ali ◽  
Jaffar Ahemd Kadim ◽  
Ali Hashim Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Single Pile ◽  
Dense Sand ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Pile Length

The objective of this article is to generating the design charts deals with the axially ultimate capacity of single pile action by relating the soil and pile engineering properties with the pile capacity components. The soil and are connected together by the interface finite element along pile side an on its remote end.  The analysis was carried out using ABAQUS software to find the nonlinear solution of the problem. Both pile and soil were modeled with three-dimensional brick elements. The software program is verified against field load-test measurements to verify its efficiency accuracy. The concrete bored piles are used with different lengths and pile diameter is taken equals to 0.6 m. The piles were installed into a single layer of sand soil with angles of internal friction (20° t0 40°) and into a single layer of clay soil with Cohesion (24 to 96) kPa.  The getting results showed that for all cases study the total compression resistance is increased as pile length increased for the same property of soil, also illustrious that the total resistance of same pile length and diameter increased as the soil strength increasing. In addition, the same results were obtained for the end bearing resistance, skin resistance and tension capacity. Design charts were constructed between different types of soil resistance ratio and the pile length/diameter ratio (L/D) for all cases of study. One of improvement found from these curves that it is cheaply using piles of larger diameter than increasing their lengths for dense sand and to increasing piles lengths for loose sand. Moreover, it is inexpensively using piles of larger length in soft clay soil than increasing their diameter and piles of larger diameter in firm and stiff clay soils than increasing their length.

Correlation of Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio in Laterite Soil Stabilization Using Varied Zeolite Content Activated by Waterglass

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Achmad Bakri Muhiddin ◽  
Marthen M. Tangkeallo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Zeolite Content ◽  
Meta Silicate

In remote areas, most roads still use pavements that are very sensitive to climate change, especially those using clay pavements with high plasticity. In addition to the issue of cost, the difficulty of obtaining a proper source of material is another problem that has led to soaring prices for materials. In this regard, a study was conducted using local materials, namely zeolite as a stabilizing material added with waterglass as activating agent. The research began with samples of laterite soil and natural zeolite for XRD test (microstructure testing), and then testing for laterite soil’s index properties and engineering properties, namely Unconfined Compressive Strength and CBR value. The purpose of the test is to determine the correlation between the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and the soil bearing capacity (CBR) caused by adding zeolite as stabilizer material and waterglass as activator with increasing curing time. Laterite soils contain a brownish red iron oxide. The stabilizing material zeolite contains a crystalline mineral of alumina silicate SiO2. While waterglass composed of sodium meta silicate. Stabilization carried out by mixing 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% of zeolite with addition of 2% waterglass, percentage was measured based on soil dry weight. Specimens were tested at curing time of 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. The test result shows increasing UCS and CBR values with increasing percentage of zeolite. At mix of 20% zeolite and 2% waterglass, the unconfined compressive strength reaches 23.54 kg/cm2 with CBR value 58% at 28 days of curing time.

Correlation between Unconfined Compressive Strength and Penetration Index Obtained from DCP Tests for Cemented Lateritic Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
Anuchit Uchaipichat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Index ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Cemented Soils ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the relationship between the dynamic cone penetration (DCP) test results and the unconfined compressive strength of lateritic cemented soils. A series of DCP tests and unconfined compressive strength was performed on lateritic cemented soil. The soils sample used in this study was lateritic soil. The test results for the DCP tests are presented in terms of penetration index. It can be observed that the penetration index decreased with increasing curing period and cement content. Moreover, the unconfined compressive strength of cemented soils increased with curing period and cement content. The relationship between unconfined compressive strength and penetration index is presented. A unique relationship for unconfined compressive strength can be obtained.

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