Effectiveness of Ground-Mounted Diagrammatic Advance Guide Signs for Freeway Entrance Ramps

2003 ◽  
Vol 1843 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut T. Zwahlen ◽  
Andrew Russ ◽  
James M. Roth ◽  
Thomas Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Lane Change ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Entrance Ramps ◽  
Ohio Department Of Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Primary Measure ◽  
Guidance Information

This study investigated the effectiveness of ground-mounted diagrammatic signs in the context of urban multilane arterials leading to freeways. Six highway-freeway interchanges were selected in the greater Columbus, Ohio, area for installation of the diagrammatic signs in the field. The primary measure of effectiveness was the distance at which unfamiliar drivers driving in the wrong lane changed lanes. A total of 21 and 19 test drivers unfamiliar with Columbus roads were recruited for an evaluation before and after installation of the diagrammatic guide signs. This evaluation with unfamiliar test drivers showed that drivers were able to execute a needed lane change earlier when diagrammatic signs were provided. Combining all six sites and looking at the 50th (377 m before, 819 m after) and 85th percentile (203 m before, 601 m after) lane change distances, an increase by a factor of 2.2 to 3.0 between the after and before condition was observed. In addition, a panel of 13 Ohio Department of Transportation and FHWA evaluators visited the six interchange sites and provided their input and opinions on the use of diagrammatic signs. The majority of the evaluators fully embraced the idea of diagrammatic signs. It is suggested that such signs should be used on multilane arterials in advance of highway–freeway interchanges in addition to preexisting guide signs (trailblazer assemblies), in cases in which the cost of overhead span-type sign bridges cannot be economically justified and additional advance guidance information to motorists is highly desirable.

Viewing Ground-Mounted Diagrammatic Guide Signs Before Entrance Ramps at Night: Driver Eye Scanning Behavior

2003 ◽  
Vol 1843 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut T. Zwahlen ◽  
Andrew Russ ◽  
Thomas Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Entrance Ramps ◽  
Ohio Department Of Transportation ◽  
Scanning Behavior ◽  
Excessive Number ◽  
Gain Access

The driver eye scanning study is part of a larger study conducted for the Ohio Department of Transportation to evaluate the effectiveness of ground-mounted diagrammatic guide signs placed before entrance ramps at highway freeway interchanges. This nighttime study investigated driver eye scanning behavior while approaching ground-mounted diagrammatic guide signs placed before entrance ramps. Six highway-freeway interchanges were selected in the Greater Columbus, Ohio, area for placement of the diagrammatic signs in the field. Subjects were six unfamiliar drivers, between the ages of 22 to 42. Two diagrammatic signs were located at each of the six interchanges, .5 mi (805 m) and .25 mi (402 m) before the last point of the gore, where a driver can still gain access to the correct freeway entrance ramp. Driver eye scanning behavior measurements were recorded at night to determine if the presence of the diagrammatic signs elicited an excessive number of eye fixations or was visually distracting to the drivers or both. The results indicate that the diagrammatic signs are not looked at excessively often or excessively long. The average look numbers and average look duration times indicate a normal and reasonable level of information acquisition processing employed by the drivers. These values agree with those previously obtained for regular traffic signing determined in previous eye scanning studies. Ground-mounted diagrammatic signs on multilane arterials in advance of highway freeway interchanges were not demonstrated to unduly distract drivers and detrimentally affect a driver’s looking behavior.

Analysis of Overweight Truck Permit Policy in New Jersey

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110266
Author(s):  
Sami Demiroluk ◽  
Hani Nassif ◽  
Kaan Ozbay ◽  
Chaekuk Na
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Vehicle Route ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation ◽  
The Cost

The roadway infrastructure constantly deteriorates because of environmental conditions, but other factors such as exposure to heavy trucks exacerbates the rate of deterioration. Therefore, decision-makers are constantly searching for ways to optimize allocation of the limited funds for repair, maintenance, and rehabilitation of New Jersey’s infrastructure. New Jersey legislation requires operators of overweight (OW) trucks to obtain a permit to use the infrastructure. The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) issues a variety of permits based on the types of goods carried. These permits allow OW trucks to use the infrastructure either for a single trip or for multiple trips. Therefore, one major concern is whether the permit revenue of the agency can recoup the actual cost of damage to the infrastructure caused by these OW trucks. This study investigates whether NJDOT’s current permit fee program can collect enough revenue to meet the actual cost of damage to the infrastructure caused by these heavy-weight permit trucks. The infrastructure damage is estimated by using pavement and bridge deterioration models and New Jersey permit data from 2013 to 2018 containing vehicle configuration and vehicle route. The analysis indicates that although the cost of infrastructure damage can be recovered for certain permit types, there is room for improvement in the permit program. Moreover, based on permit rules in other states, the overall rank of the New Jersey permit program is evaluated and possible revisions are recommended for future permit policies.

Cost-Effectiveness of Paving Fabrics Used to Control Reflective Cracking

2000 ◽  
Vol 1730 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Buttlar ◽  
Diyar Bozkurt ◽  
Barry J. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Crack Control ◽  
Condition Rating ◽  
System A ◽  
Rigid Pavements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) spends $2 million annually on reflective crack control treatments; however, the cost-effectiveness of these treatments had not been reliably determined. A recent study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of IDOT reflective crack control System A, which consists of a nonwoven polypropylene paving fabric, placed either in strips longitudinally over lane-widening joints or over the entire pavement (area treatment). The study was limited to projects constructed originally as rigid pavements and subsequently rehabilitated with one or more bituminous overlays. Performance of 52 projects across Illinois was assessed through crack mapping and from distress and serviceability data in IDOT’s condition rating survey database. Comparisons of measured reflective cracking in treated and control sections revealed that System A retarded longitudinal reflective widening crack development, but it did not significantly retard transverse reflective cracking, which agrees with earlier studies. However, both strip and area applications of these fabric treatments appeared to improve overall pavement serviceability, and they were estimated to increase rehabilitation life spans by 1.1 and 3.6 years, respectively. Reduction in life-cycle costs was estimated to be 4.4 and 6.2 percent when placed in medium and large quantities, respectively, and to be at a break-even level for small quantities. However, life-cycle benefits were found to be statistically insignificant. Limited permeability testing of field cores taken on severely distressed transverse joints suggested that waterproofing benefits could exist even after crack reflection. This was consistent with the observation that, although serviceability was generally improved with area treatment, crack reflection was not retarded relative to untreated areas.

scholarly journals Computer Modeling of Barrel-Vaulted Sanctuary Exhibiting Flutter Echo with Comparison to Measurements

Acoustics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Heather Lai ◽  
Brian Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Geometrical Acoustics ◽  
Decay Times ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Cost

Computer modeling in acoustics allows for the prediction of acoustical defects and the evaluation of potential remediations. In this article, computer modeling is applied to the case of a barrel-vaulted sanctuary whose architectural design and construction led to severe flutter echoes along the main aisle, which was later mitigated through acoustical remediations. State-of-the-art geometrical acoustics and wave-based simulations are carried out to analyze the acoustics of this space, with a particular focus on the flutter echoes along the main aisle, before and after remediations. Multi-resolution wavelet and spectrogram analyses are carried out to isolate and characterize flutter echoes within measurements and computer-simulated room impulse responses. Comparisons of simulated responses to measurements are also made in terms of decay times and curves. Simulated room impulse responses from both geometrical acoustics and wave-based methods show evidence of flutter echoes matching measurements, to varying degrees. Time-frequency analyses isolating flutter echoes demonstrate better matches to measurements from wave-based simulated responses, at the cost of longer simulation times than geometrical acoustics simulations. This case study highlights the importance of computer modeling of acoustics in early design phases of architectural planning of worship spaces.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of retrofit R410a refrigerant with R32 refrigerant on a split air conditioner

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
I Nengah Ardita ◽  
◽  
I Gusti Agung Bagus Wirajati ◽  
I Dewa Made Susila ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Experimental Equipment ◽  
Evaporation Heat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Common Group ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Split air conditioning (AC) is the most widely used in the community for both commercial and domestic utilities. At the present refrigerant which used in Split AC is mostly common group of HFCs, such as R410a. R410a is a zeotropic refrigerant and if there is a leak in the system, it cannot be added this refrigerant. This will increase the cost of maintenance. The aims of this research is to investigate the retrofit of R410a with R32 on the Split AC system. The R32 is chosen because it has higher latent evaporation heat at the same temperature and has less effect on global warming. The refrigeration effect, the power consumption and the system performance are the main three quantities that want to be examined in this research which are observed before and after retrofit. Experimental investigation conducted during this research, including design and manufacture of experimental equipment, calibration and tools installment, collecting the experimental data and analysis by quantitative description method before and after retrofit. The results informed that cooling effect increased during the research, but the COP system has a slight decrease about 4%. R32 refrigerant is quite feasible as a retrofit refrigerant to R410a refrigerant.

scholarly journals Coagulation performance evaluation of alginate as a natural coagulant for the treatment of turbid water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Packiam Saranya ◽  
S. T. Ramesh ◽  
R. Gandhimathi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Box Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flocculation Process

Abstract Alginates are quite abundant in nature as they occur both as a structural component in marine brown algae (Phaeophyceae) comprising up to 40% of dry matter and as capsular polysaccharides in soil bacteria. Alginic acid is the only polysaccharide, which naturally contains carboxyl groups in each constituent residue, and possesses various abilities for functional materials. Experiments were carried out for the water of turbidity 300 NTU. Alginate as such doesn't act as a coagulant instead it should be converted to calcium alginate by adding calcium ions. Calcium chloride was used for imparting calcium ions necessary for the reaction. The dosage of calcium was fixed as 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and alginate doses between 2 to 10 mg/L. Calcium dosage below 50 mg/L was not sufficient enough for the formation of egg-box structure which is responsible for the coagulation and flocculation process. For the mechanism of charge neutralization to take place effectively, calcium should be added first followed by alginate. pH and conductivity of the sample remain constant before and after the treatment. The dosage of alginate required for the treatment is less so the cost of treatment also will be very less, thus alginate can replace the usage of chemical coagulants like alum.

scholarly journals SISTEM OTOMASI RUANGAN DENGAN RASPBERRY PI BERBASIS MOBILE WEB STUDI KASUS: (LEMBAGA KURSUS CODY APP ACADEMY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Aditya Mirza Bahari ◽  
Nenny Anggraini ◽  
Siti Ummi Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Home Automation System ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRAK Cody App Academy adalah sebuah tempat kursus berbasis teknologi di Bintaro, Jakarta Selatan. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan penulis, Cody masih menerapkan cara manual untuk menyalakan dan mematikan listrik. Selain itu, hasil dari wawancara oleh pengelola Cody, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal ini berdampak terhadap efisiensi penggunaan arus listrik yang ada di Cody, yang berkaitan langsung dengan besar atau kecilnya tagihan listrik yang harus dibayarkan oleh pengelola Cody. Maka penulis mengusulkan sebuah solusi berupa prototipe Sistem Pengendali Ruangan dengan teknologi motion berbasis mobile web yang merupakan aplikasi yang dapat merubah sistem manual menjadi sebuah sistem home automation. Aplikasi ini akan secara otomatis mematikan arus listrik ketika ruangan sedang kosong, dilihat dari tidak terdeteksinya gerakan dalam rentang waktu lebih dari 10 menit. Metode pengumpulan data yang yang penulis gunakan adalah pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur sejenis. Sedangkan untuk metode pengembangan aplikasi adalah prototipe evolusioner dengan 4 tahap yang mencakup analisis kebutuhan pengguna, membuat satu prototipe. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah  penerapan home automation yang berupa Sistem Pengendali Ruangan dengan teknologi motion  selama jangka waktu 2 bulan berbasis mobile web terbukti membuat penggunaan listrik di Cody lebih efisien berdasarkan perbandingan tagihan listrik sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan sistem yang penulis usulkan. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari perubahan signifikan pada biaya listrik yang harus dibayarkan Cody per bulan yakni sejumlah 20% lebih efisien dibandingkan tanpa menggunkan sistem yang penulis usulkan.   ABSTRACT Cody App Academy is a technology-based course place in Bintaro, South Jakarta. Based on observations made by the author, Cody is still applying the manual way to turn on and turn off the electricity. In addition, the results of interviews by Cody's managers, it can be concluded that this impacts on the efficiency of the use of electric current in Cody, which is directly related to the large or small bill of electricity that must be paid by the manager of Cody. So the author proposed a solution in the form of prototype Space Control System with motion technology based mobile web which is an application that can change the manual system into a home automation system. This application will automatically turn off the power when the room is empty, judging from the detection of movement in the span of more than 10 minutes. Data collection methods that the author uses is the collection of primary and secondary data consisting of observations, interviews and studies of similar literature. The method of application development is an evolutionary prototype with 4 stages that includes user needs analysis, making a prototype. The result of this research is the implementation of home automation in the form of Room Control System with motion technology for 2 months based on mobile web proved to cause the use of electricity in Cody more efficient based on the ratio of electric bill before and after using the system that the author proposed. This can be seen from the significant change in the cost of electricity that Cody has to pay per month which is 20% more efficient than without using the proposed system. How To Cite : Bahari, A.M. Anggraini, N. Masruroh, S.U. (2018). SISTEM OTOMASI RUANGAN DENGAN RASPBERRY PI BERBASIS MOBILE WEB STUDI KASUS: (LEMBAGA KURSUS CODY APP ACADEMY). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 11(1), 55-66.  doi 10.15408/jti.v11i1.6261 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v11i1.6261 

scholarly journals Monetary Transmission through Interest Rate Channel in Vietnam Before and After the Crisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Hương Trầm Thị Xuân ◽  
Vinh Võ Xuân ◽  
CẢNH NGUYỄN PHÚC
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Theory ◽  
Cost Channel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interest Rate Channel

The paper employs the VAR model to examine the impact of monetary policy on the economy through interest rate channel (IRC) and levels of transmission before and after the 2008 crisis. The results indicate that in the period before the financial crisis, IRC exists in accordance with macroeconomic theory; however, the crisis period, in which increases in SBV monetary policy rates lead to increased inflation, has proved the existence of the cost channel of monetary transmission in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Estimasi Biaya Perangkat Lunak Pada Aplikasi SIBIMA Universitas XYZ dengan Menggunakan Metode Function Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Annisa Azzar Sandhea ◽  
Sri Maulidiyah ◽  
Renny Dewi Sari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information System ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Function Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Guidance Information

The growing development of computers triggers the amount of software in different amounts and uses. A system is said to be good when starting planning that can estimate the cost, time and amount of resources needed as a basis for planning a system. So that the estimated cost can be an element in an assessment. The research explains that the Academic Guidance Information System (SIBIMA) which is a system for carrying out student consultation activities with academic advisers at XYZ University. From the software cost estimation results at SIBIMA use Function Point which is a method of estimating software size using an indirect approach or indirect approach to estimate software size in Function Point units (FP), for Effort values on SIBIMA is 379,906 man / hour and it is known that the cost needed in developing SIBIMA is IDR 22,858,705 so that it can be used as a reference if the higher education institution wants to develop a software system

scholarly journals Estimating Adjustment Frictions Using Nonlinear Budget Sets: Method and Evidence from the Earnings Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Gelber ◽  
Damon Jones ◽  
Daniel W. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Cost ◽  
Marginal Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Earnings Test ◽  
Social Security Earnings Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Induced Changes

We introduce a method for estimating the cost of adjusting earnings, as well as the earnings elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax share. Our method uses information on bunching in the earnings distribution at convex budget set kinks before and after policy-induced changes in the magnitude of the kinks: the larger is the adjustment cost, the smaller is the absolute change in bunching from before to after the policy change. In the context of the Social Security Earnings Test, our results demonstrate that the short-run impact of changes in the effective marginal tax rate can be substantially attenuated. (JEL H24, H31, H55, J22, J31)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document