Parameters for a Roll On-Roll Off Marine Intermodal Service on Lake Superior

2003 ◽  
Vol 1820 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Richard D. Stewart ◽  
Terry LaVoie ◽  
Nathan Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Spreadsheet Model ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Terminal Design ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Terminal Operations ◽  
Cost Factors

The feasibility of reestablishing roll on–roll off (RO–RO) service linking Thunder Bay, Ontario, and the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, was examined. An analysis of similar services both on the Great Lakes and overseas was undertaken. Previous operations on the same route on Lake Superior and short sea service in the Baltic region were analyzed, and the attributes of an appropriate vessel type, such as ice strengthened scantlings and adequate speeds, were determined. A route schedule for a typical vessel was developed. A profile of a suitable vessel was prepared, and the market availability of the vessels was assessed. Issues in terminal design and operation were applied to potential docks in the ports of call to determine the adequacy of shoreside facilities. Cost factors for vessel operations and terminal operations were determined, and a spreadsheet model was developed for future application. Potential revenue streams from vessel and terminal operations were also explored. Revenue generators included day passengers as well as trailers and containers. The feasibility of linking the RO–RO service to a larger intermodal system serving Canada and the United States was also assessed.

The Unquiet Frontier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell ◽  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Global Order ◽  
American Power ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Critical Regions

From the Baltic to the South China Sea, newly assertive authoritarian states sense an opportunity to resurrect old empires or build new ones at America's expense. Hoping that U.S. decline is real, nations such as Russia, Iran, and China are testing Washington's resolve by targeting vulnerable allies at the frontiers of American power. This book explains why the United States needs a new grand strategy that uses strong frontier alliance networks to raise the costs of military aggression in the new century. The book describes the aggressive methods which rival nations are using to test American power in strategically critical regions throughout the world. It shows how rising and revisionist powers are putting pressure on our frontier allies—countries like Poland, Israel, and Taiwan—to gauge our leaders' commitment to upholding the American-led global order. To cope with these dangerous dynamics, nervous U.S. allies are diversifying their national-security “menu cards” by beefing up their militaries or even aligning with their aggressors. The book reveals how numerous would-be great powers use an arsenal of asymmetric techniques to probe and sift American strength across several regions simultaneously, and how rivals and allies alike are learning from America's management of increasingly interlinked global crises to hone effective strategies of their own. The book demonstrates why the United States must strengthen the international order that has provided greater benefits to the world than any in history.

Evolution of Germany’s Stance Regarding the Three Seas Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Martin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Game ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Polish Foreign

When the political camp centred on the Law and Justice party (PiS) came to power in 2015, it led to a change in priorities in Polish foreign policy. The Three Seas Initiative (TSI), understood as closer cooperation between eastern states of the European Union in the area between the Baltic, Adriatic, and Black seas, has become a new instrument of foreign policy. The initiative demonstrates the growing importance of Central and Eastern Europe in the global game of great powers. The region has become a subject of rivalry, not only between the United States and Russia but also China. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to try to describe the importance of the region to Germany and how Germany’s stance on the TSI has evolved. The article consists of three parts, an introduction to the issues, the genesis of the TSI, and the definition of goals set by the states participating in this initiative, as well as analysis of the German stance towards the initiative since its development in 2015. The theories of geopolitics and neorealism are used as the theoretical basis for the analysis.

scholarly journals Preliminary Techno-Economic Assessment of Animal Cell-Based Meat

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Derrick Risner ◽  
Fangzhou Li ◽  
Jason S. Fell ◽  
Sara A. Pace ◽  
Justin B. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Production ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Cost Factors

Interest in animal cell-based meat (ACBM) or laboratory-grown meat has been increasing; however, the economic viability of these potential products has not been thoroughly vetted. Recent studies suggest monoclonal antibody production technology can be adapted for the industrialization of ACBM production. This study provides a scenario-based assessment of the projected cost per kilogram of ACBM produced in the United States based on cellular metabolic requirements and process/chemical engineering conventions. A sensitivity analysis of the model identified the nine most influential cost factors for ACBM production out of 67 initial parameters. The results indicate that technological performance will need to approach technical limits for ACBM to achieve profitably as a commodity. However, the model also suggests that low-volume high-value specialty products could be viable based on current technology.

scholarly journals Foreign lobbying as an instrument of defense cooperation between Poland and the United States

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-22
Author(s):  
V. N Konyshev ◽  
E. M. Skvortsova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Party System ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
European Security ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
The Baltic

Defence cooperation between Poland and the United States significantly affects the security agenda of Russia, the Baltic region, and Europe as a whole. On the one hand, Poland intends to become a key partner of the US in ensuring European security. On the other hand, it has ambitions to take the leading position in the security area among the Baltic States. The Polish leadership sees an additional advantage in expanding military cooperation with the United States, regarding it as a jumping board to accelerating its economic and technological development. This article examines a mechanism underlying defence cooperation between the US and Poland, i.e. lobbying Poland’s interests in another state. This allows Warsaw to actively promote its interests in the US. The research methodology employed includes the periodisation of Polish lobbying activities in the US and an empirical study of lobbying based on analysis of original documents, many of which have been analysed for the first time. It is shown that, under the existing party system, Poland will not abandon strategic partnership with the United States, primarily in security and defence. Over the study period, Poland quickly gained experience in promoting its interests in the US through direct lobbying, showing flexibility in negotiations, relying on the two-party support in the US Congress, successfully coordinating the activities of its governing bodies and various corporations which are submitted to tight state control.

History of the Russian Empire in the context of theoretical and legal analysis (To the 300th anniversary of the Russian Empire)

2021 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Nadezhda S. Nizhnik
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Baltic

The review of the XVIII International Scientific Conference "State and Law: evolution, current state, development prospects (to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Empire)" was held on April 29-30, 2021 at the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Russian Empire existed on the political map of the world from October 22 (November 2), 1721 until the February Revolution and the overthrow of the Monarchy on March 3, 1917. The Russian Empire was the third largest state that ever existed (after the British and Mongolian Empires): It extended to the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Black Sea in the south, to the Baltic Sea in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east. The Russian Empire was one of the great powers along with Great Britain, France, Prussia (Germany) and Austria-Hungary, and since the second half of the XIX century – also Italy and the United States. The capital of the Russian Empire was St. Petersburg (1721 - 1728), Moscow (1728 - 1732), then again St. Petersburg (1732 - 1917), renamed Petrograd in 1914. Therefore, it is natural that a conference dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the formation of the Russian Empire was held in St. Petersburg, the former imperial capital. The conference was devoted to problems concerning various aspects of the organization and functioning of the state and law, a retrospective analysis of the activities of state bodies in the Russian Empire. The discussion focused on various issues: the character of the Russian Empire as a socio-legal phenomenon and the subject of the legitimate use of state coercion, the development of political and legal thought, the regulatory and legal foundations of the organization and functioning of the Russian state in the XVIII century – at the beginning of the XX century, the characteristics of state bodies as an element of the mechanism of the imperial state in Russia, the organizational and legal bases of the activities of bodies that manage the internal affairs of the Russian Empire, as well as the image of state authorities and officials-representatives of state power.

Barriers to Access to Care in Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 154041532095638
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Titus ◽  
Merle Kataoka-Yahiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Cost Factors

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major cause of death in the United States. Hispanics living in America suffer disproportionally with diabetes and is the fifth cause of death for them. A systematic review was conducted that highlighted barriers to access to care for Hispanics with T2D during the early years of the Affordable Care Act. Method: PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched (2010-2015) using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. From 84 studies, seven qualitative/mixed methods studies were reviewed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Barriers were placed into three categories set a priori. Results: All study samples were from different states, representing barriers across the United States. Persistent barriers were self (100%), provider (100%), and environment (71%). Covariates (culture and genetics), individual resources (cost factors, time, and social support), lack of providers or providers specializing in T2D, and environmental factors (lack of diabetes education, nutrition, and exercise programs) were found to affect Hispanics with T2D access to care. Conclusion: Cost factors, time, lack of social support, providers, and relevant programs remain prevalent barriers. As the Hispanic population increases and changes in the health care system are evolving, additional barriers to access to care are likely to emerge and must be explored.

The Beginnings of Microscopic Petrography in the United States, 1870-1885

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Henry Geschwind
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
The West ◽  
The U.S

In the 1860's and 70's, microscopic petrography flourished in Germany, where descriptions and classifications of rocks were highly valued for their own sake. American geologists, however, were more interested in stratigraphical correlations and had relatively little use for petrographical details. Thus, such Americans as George Hawes and Alexis Julien, who attempted to introduce the microscope for purely petrographical work in the early 1870's, had great difficulties in finding an audience. During the late 1870's, however, a number of American geologists-including federal geologists working amongst the volcanic rocks of the West, state geologists mapping in the Lake Superior region, and mining geologists examining the Comstock Lode and the Leadville district-came to appreciate the aid microscopic petrography could provide for stratigraphical correlations. This growing interest led to the hiring of a number of microscopic petrographers around 1880. These petrographers were trained in Germany, where they had imbibed the German passion for petrography for its own sake, but most of them adapted themselves to the American practice of using petrography for stratigraphy. Unlike many of their German counterparts, these American petrographers spent a substantial portion of their time in the field and combined mapping with microscopic examinations to solve stratigraphical problems. Thus, the different scientific cultures of Germany and the U.S. significantly affected the ways in which the petrographic microscope was used.

Finnish-Swedish military ties are set to deepen

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
The Baltic

Subject Swedish and Finnish defence policy. Significance Sweden and Finland have intensified defence cooperation in recent years, most recently by signing a defence pact on July 9. This comes on top of other efforts to promote stronger Nordic defence collaboration with neighbouring Denmark and Norway, the Baltic states, as well as with the United States and NATO around regional security issues. Impacts Russia is likely to use airspace violations to test Swedish and Finnish military readiness. While Sweden and Finland will deepen collaboration with NATO, membership remains off the table for the foreseeable future. Finland supports stronger EU defence initiatives such as PESCO. Sweden has traditionally been sceptical of EU efforts but has adopted a more positive view over the past two years.

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