Full-Depth In-Place Recycling and Road Strengthening Systems for Low-Volume Roads: Highway No. 19 Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Berthelot ◽  
Ron Gerbrandt
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Upgrading Strategies ◽  
Feasible Solutions

The province of Saskatchewan has the highest number of public roads per capita in Canada, totaling approximately 198,700 km. The Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation manages approximately 26,100 km of these public roads. As with most public road agencies, the department has limited resources for managing this relatively large network of low-volume roads and therefore continually strives to research and implement more cost-effective and technically feasible solutions. Of particular concern are approximately 7,500 km of thin membrane surface (TMS) roads that are undergoing accelerated damage as truck traffic and loading increase. Although conventional TMS upgrading strategies are normally effective, there are potentially significant benefits to be gained with implementation of more cost-effective methods of road strengthening. Systems include granular soil strengthening and applications of different cement products, lime, various grades of fly ash, geotextiles, geogrids, natural and manufactured fibers, emulsified bitumen, tall oil, lignin, foamed bitumen, and synthetic ionic and cationic chemicals. Since 1999, in conjunction with Pavement Scientific International and in cooperation with the University of Saskatchewan and product suppliers, the department has constructed pilot projects on Highway No. 19 to identify, develop, and implement more cost-effective strengthening systems. The primary research objective is to investigate alternative road construction systems that will improve the load-carrying capacity and environmental durability of Saskatchewan TMS roads. Improved mechanistic engineering methods played a part in this initiative, and pilot project performance was monitored.

Otta Seals and Gravseals as Low-Cost Surfacing Alternatives for Low-Volume Roads: Experiences in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Oloo ◽  
Rob Lindsay ◽  
Sam Mothilal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
To Come

The geology of the northeastern part of the province of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, is predominantly alluvial with vast deposits of sands. Suitable gravel sources are hard to come by, which results in high graveling and regraveling costs brought about by long haul distances and accelerated gravel loss. Most gravel roads carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day of which less than 10% are heavy vehicles. The high cost of regraveling has led to consideration of upgrading such roads to surfaced standard, even though traffic volumes do not justify upgrading. Traditional chip seals are expensive and cannot be economically justified on roads that carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day. The KwaZulu–Natal Department of Transport is actively involved in efforts to identify cost-effective alternative surfacing products for low-volume roads. Field trials were conducted with Otta seals and Gravseals, which have been used successfully in other countries, as low-cost surfacing products for low-volume roads. The Otta seal is formed by placing graded aggregates on a relatively thick film of soft binder that, because of traffic and rolling, works its way through the aggregates. Gravseal consists of a special semipriming rubberized binder that is covered by a graded aggregate. Both Otta seals and Gravseals provide relatively flexible bituminous surfaces suitable for low-volume roads. Cost savings are derived mainly from the broad aggregate specifications, which allow for the use of marginal materials.

Nature and Effects of Low-Volume Roads in Botswana

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizzar B. Madzikigwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The road sector in Botswana continues to develop its road network throughout the country at a tremendous rate. When Botswana gained independence in 1966, it had only 10 km (16 mi) of bitumen road. By 1992 the total length of bituminous surfaced road reached 3500 km (2,175 mi) out of a total road network of 18 000 km (11,285 mi). These statistics clearly show that the majority of roads are not yet surfaced; these are low-volume roads that provide access to the rural areas where most of the country’s population is found, though in low density. In spite of the rapid improvement in the quality of the national road network in recent years, much remains to be done. In the early 1970s and early 1980s the rural roads unit was introduced in the Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, which was charged with the responsibility of design and construction of low-volume roads around the country in a bid to integrate the country’s road network. This unit was later disbanded in the 1990s, and all roads are improved through the conventional procurement system using private contractors. For these roads the justification of a surfacing project based on conventional economic return methods does not apply, and worse still, the road improvements have to compete with other amenities for the same limited resources. Three ministries in Botswana are responsible for roads: Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, Ministry of Local Government, and Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism. These ministries have different responsibilities for different roads within the country, and earth, sand, and gravel roads are found under the jurisdiction of each of the ministries. The major drawbacks concerning low-volume roads in Botswana are inadequate maintenance, poor road construction materials, and the environmental impacts of the roads. Since the budget and resources are inadequate to keep these roads in good condition, it would be prudent to find technological means that would improve the locally available road construction materials so as to minimize their effects on the environment and vehicle operating costs.

Soft Asphalt Pavement – Solution for Low-Volume Roads in Changing Climate and Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Viktoras Vorobjovas ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Algis Pakalnis
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume

In Lithuania, it has always has been an important issue to find durable and cost-effective solutions for paving low-volume roads. The conventional asphalt concrete structures were built using paving grade bitumen with the penetration of 70/100 or 100/150 over the recent 20 years. The performance of those pavements was satisfactory. As an alternative solution, the use of soft asphalt pavements was proposed. This technology is widely used in Nordic countries. But in Lithuania it has never been applied. Research on the designed soft asphalt mixtures was carried out and the trial on-site sections were constructed. The results of laboratory tests and on-site research were positive and promising. Based on that, the technology could be considered as successfully implemented and good quality was achieved.

scholarly journals Kiessande für sekundäre Strassen | Aggregates for Low Volume Roads

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
Richard Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume

Gravel is the most important material for road construction. In most countries the quality of gravel for sub-base and base is standardised. The Association of Swiss Road and Traffic Engineers recently revised the Swiss SN standard 670 120d for subbase gravel. Quality requirements concerning the admissible content of fine particles and the limits of particle size distribution were intensified, for no obvious reason. Former studies and experiences proved that these stricter specifications are neither necessary, from a soil-mechanical point of view, nor economical. For low volume roads, such as forest and rural roads, it is therefore suggested to use the limits of particle size distribution for gravel II (except for crushed rock aggregates),but a clearly higher amount of fine particles can be accepted.

scholarly journals Integration of optimization methodology to evaluate pavement maintenance strategies for deteriorated low-volume roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Hafez ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati ◽  
Rebecca Atadero
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Optimization Methodology

Low-volume roads (LVRs) are restricted with limited maintenance funding due to the recent national economic downturn. Only few selected LVRs with deteriorated pavements are typically rehabilitated in which poor LVRs are expected to continue deteriorating to extreme levels of distress. Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) is evaluating pavement treatments on LVRs to find the most cost-effective maintenance strategies. As part of these efforts, a comprehensive optimization analysis is adopted in this paper to investigate alternative maintenance strategies and define the capital improvement plans for deteriorated LVRs with marginal pavement conditions. A proposed strategy was found to enhance the effectiveness of current policies followed by CDOT. However, the results emphasize the need for additional resources at network level for dealing with deteriorated LVRs. The optimization procedure described in this paper can be followed by other agencies nationwide to identify strategies and establish funding needs that secure higher funding from decision makers.

scholarly journals Performance Prediction Modelling for Flexible Pavement on Low Volume Roads Using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Makendran ◽  
R. Murugasan ◽  
S. Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Flexible Pavements ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume

Prediction models for low volume village roads in India are developed to evaluate the progression of different types of distress such as roughness, cracking, and potholes. Even though the Government of India is investing huge quantum of money on road construction every year, poor control over the quality of road construction and its subsequent maintenance is leading to the faster road deterioration. In this regard, it is essential that scientific maintenance procedures are to be evolved on the basis of performance of low volume flexible pavements. Considering the above, an attempt has been made in this research endeavor to develop prediction models to understand the progression of roughness, cracking, and potholes in flexible pavements exposed to least or nil routine maintenance. Distress data were collected from the low volume rural roads covering about 173 stretches spread across Tamil Nadu state in India. Based on the above collected data, distress prediction models have been developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Further, the models have been validated using independent field data. It can be concluded that the models developed in this study can serve as useful tools for the practicing engineers maintaining flexible pavements on low volume roads.

Cost-Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Francesco M. Russo ◽  
Terry J. Wipf ◽  
F. Wayne Klaiber
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Bridge Strengthening ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Local Agencies

Nearly half of the 587,000 bridges in excess of 6.1 m (20 ft) long on public roads in the United States are located off the Federal Aid System, are on local rural and urban roads or rural minor collectors, and are classified as off-system bridges. Approximately one-third of the off-system bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The majority of states with large bridge populations are rural states with large percentages of structures owned by counties and other local agencies. Many of these bridges are on low-volume roads. Given the size of the deficient bridge population and the concentration of these bridges largely on locally owned networks, a recent NCHRP synthesis (NCHRP 32-08, Cost Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges) has explored the current practices regarding the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of off-system bridges. The administrative aspects of off-system bridge ownership and management were explored, including sources and problems of funding, bridge asset management, design policies for off-system bridges, exploration of the environmental process, and discussions of interagency partnering and coordination problems. A significant body of work exists on effective bridge maintenance and rehabilitation. A significant discussion of bridge strengthening, including specific techniques used on low-volume-road bridges, was also examined. Concerning bridge replacements, the literature and owner survey were used to provide information on successful concepts currently being used. In addition to successful bridge replacement options, discussion of the use of standard plans, design aids, and software is promoted as leading to standard and efficient low-volume-road bridge replacements.

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