Removing Spring Thaw Load Restrictions from Low-Volume Roads: Development of a Reliable, Cost-Effective Method

1999 ◽  
Vol 1652 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Kestler ◽  
Gordon Hanek ◽  
Mark Truebe ◽  
Peter Bolander
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Low Volume

Otta Seals and Gravseals as Low-Cost Surfacing Alternatives for Low-Volume Roads: Experiences in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Oloo ◽  
Rob Lindsay ◽  
Sam Mothilal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
To Come

The geology of the northeastern part of the province of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, is predominantly alluvial with vast deposits of sands. Suitable gravel sources are hard to come by, which results in high graveling and regraveling costs brought about by long haul distances and accelerated gravel loss. Most gravel roads carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day of which less than 10% are heavy vehicles. The high cost of regraveling has led to consideration of upgrading such roads to surfaced standard, even though traffic volumes do not justify upgrading. Traditional chip seals are expensive and cannot be economically justified on roads that carry fewer than 500 vehicles per day. The KwaZulu–Natal Department of Transport is actively involved in efforts to identify cost-effective alternative surfacing products for low-volume roads. Field trials were conducted with Otta seals and Gravseals, which have been used successfully in other countries, as low-cost surfacing products for low-volume roads. The Otta seal is formed by placing graded aggregates on a relatively thick film of soft binder that, because of traffic and rolling, works its way through the aggregates. Gravseal consists of a special semipriming rubberized binder that is covered by a graded aggregate. Both Otta seals and Gravseals provide relatively flexible bituminous surfaces suitable for low-volume roads. Cost savings are derived mainly from the broad aggregate specifications, which allow for the use of marginal materials.

Soft Asphalt Pavement – Solution for Low-Volume Roads in Changing Climate and Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Viktoras Vorobjovas ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Algis Pakalnis
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume

In Lithuania, it has always has been an important issue to find durable and cost-effective solutions for paving low-volume roads. The conventional asphalt concrete structures were built using paving grade bitumen with the penetration of 70/100 or 100/150 over the recent 20 years. The performance of those pavements was satisfactory. As an alternative solution, the use of soft asphalt pavements was proposed. This technology is widely used in Nordic countries. But in Lithuania it has never been applied. Research on the designed soft asphalt mixtures was carried out and the trial on-site sections were constructed. The results of laboratory tests and on-site research were positive and promising. Based on that, the technology could be considered as successfully implemented and good quality was achieved.

Full-Depth In-Place Recycling and Road Strengthening Systems for Low-Volume Roads: Highway No. 19 Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Berthelot ◽  
Ron Gerbrandt
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Foamed Bitumen ◽  
Upgrading Strategies ◽  
Feasible Solutions

The province of Saskatchewan has the highest number of public roads per capita in Canada, totaling approximately 198,700 km. The Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation manages approximately 26,100 km of these public roads. As with most public road agencies, the department has limited resources for managing this relatively large network of low-volume roads and therefore continually strives to research and implement more cost-effective and technically feasible solutions. Of particular concern are approximately 7,500 km of thin membrane surface (TMS) roads that are undergoing accelerated damage as truck traffic and loading increase. Although conventional TMS upgrading strategies are normally effective, there are potentially significant benefits to be gained with implementation of more cost-effective methods of road strengthening. Systems include granular soil strengthening and applications of different cement products, lime, various grades of fly ash, geotextiles, geogrids, natural and manufactured fibers, emulsified bitumen, tall oil, lignin, foamed bitumen, and synthetic ionic and cationic chemicals. Since 1999, in conjunction with Pavement Scientific International and in cooperation with the University of Saskatchewan and product suppliers, the department has constructed pilot projects on Highway No. 19 to identify, develop, and implement more cost-effective strengthening systems. The primary research objective is to investigate alternative road construction systems that will improve the load-carrying capacity and environmental durability of Saskatchewan TMS roads. Improved mechanistic engineering methods played a part in this initiative, and pilot project performance was monitored.

Cherry and cocktail tomato hybrids evaluation for hybrid modeling for low-volume technology «Fitopiramida»

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
А.С. Ерошевская ◽  
Т.А. Терешонкова
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Growing Conditions

Сегодня малообъемная гидропоника как современный и экономически выгодный метод выращивания широко используется для производства овощных культур. Однако для успешного ведения культуры в условиях данной технологии необходимо иметь сорта и гибриды, адаптированные к специфическим условиям выращивания. Первым этапом селекционной работы, начатой нами в 2019 году, стала разработка модели гибрида томата для технологии «Фитопирамида», для уточнения параметров которой в 2019-2020 годах на многоярусных вегетационных трубных установках было проведено испытание 4 гибридов томата группы черри (F1Коралловые бусы, F1 Эльф, F1 Волшебная арфа, F1Лунный фонтан) и 2 гибридов томата группы коктейль (F1 Золотой поток, F1 Красный лукум) индетерминантного типа роста. Испытания проводили в 2019-2020 годах в поликарбонатной необогреваемой теплице «Фитопирамида» с частичной регуляцией параметров микроклимата (III световая зона). Температуру и относительную влажность воздуха регулировали путем проветривания, однако в жаркие солнечные дни температура воздуха в теплице поднималась до 30 °С. Посев томата в 2019 году проводили 5 апреля, высадку растений на установки – 29 апреля. В 2020 году посев проводили 15 апреля, высадку растений на установки – 8 мая. Растения формировали в 1 стебель, до трех кистей с удалением точки роста. Продолжительность нахождения растений на гидропонных установках в 2019 и 2020 годах составила 99 и 106 сут. соответственно. Полученные данные по раннеспелости, урожайности, продуктивности, товарности, поражению вершинной гнилью томата позволили уточнить параметры разрабатываемой модели гибрида. По результатам двух лет исследований все гибриды томата при выращивании на гидропонных установках вошли в группу раннеспелых (период «всходы – начало созревания» составил 65–79 сут.). На основании полученных результатов перспективными для выращивания по гидропонной технологии «Фитопирамида» представляются гибриды томата F1Коралловые бусы и F1 Золотой поток. Now low-volume hydroponics as a modern and cost-effective method of cultivation is widely used for the production of vegetable crops. However, it is necessary to have varieties and hybrids adapted to the specific growing conditions. In 2019 year selection work for creating hybrids for hydroponic technology “Fitopiramida” was started. The first stage of the breeding work, which we started in 2019, was the development of a tomato hybrid model for the «Fitopiramida» technology, to clarify the parameters of which in 2019-2020, 4 cherry tomato hybrids (F1 Corallovye busy, F1 Elf, F1Volshebnaya arfa, F1 Lunny fontan) and 2 cocktail tomato hybrids (F1Zolotoy potok, F1 Krasny lucum) of indeterminate growth type were tested on multi-tiered vegetation pipe installations. Researches were conducted in 2019-2020 in the polycarbonate unheated greenhouse «Fitopiramida» with partial regulation of microclimate parameters (III light zone). The temperature and relative humidity of the air were regulated by airing, but on hot Sunny days the temperature in the greenhouse rose to 30 °C. Tomato sowing in 2019 was carried out on April 5, and plants were planted on plants on April 29. In 2020, sowing was carried out on April 15, and planting on installations-on may 8. Plants were formed in 1 stalk, up to 3 brushes with the removal of the growth point. Duration of plants in hydroponic installations in 2019 and 2020 it was 99 and 106 days, respectively. Received data on earliness, yield, plant productivity, marketability, blossom-end rot damage allowed to clarify parameters of the hybrid model. For two-year researchers all tomato hybrids grown on hydroponic installations were included in the early ripening group (the period of «germination-beginning of ripening» was 65–79 days). Following the received results tomato hybrids F1 Korallovye busy and F1Zolotoy potok are considered perspective for hydroponic technology «Fitopiramida»

scholarly journals Integration of optimization methodology to evaluate pavement maintenance strategies for deteriorated low-volume roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Hafez ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati ◽  
Rebecca Atadero
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Optimization Methodology

Low-volume roads (LVRs) are restricted with limited maintenance funding due to the recent national economic downturn. Only few selected LVRs with deteriorated pavements are typically rehabilitated in which poor LVRs are expected to continue deteriorating to extreme levels of distress. Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) is evaluating pavement treatments on LVRs to find the most cost-effective maintenance strategies. As part of these efforts, a comprehensive optimization analysis is adopted in this paper to investigate alternative maintenance strategies and define the capital improvement plans for deteriorated LVRs with marginal pavement conditions. A proposed strategy was found to enhance the effectiveness of current policies followed by CDOT. However, the results emphasize the need for additional resources at network level for dealing with deteriorated LVRs. The optimization procedure described in this paper can be followed by other agencies nationwide to identify strategies and establish funding needs that secure higher funding from decision makers.

Cost-Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Francesco M. Russo ◽  
Terry J. Wipf ◽  
F. Wayne Klaiber
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Bridge Strengthening ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Local Agencies

Nearly half of the 587,000 bridges in excess of 6.1 m (20 ft) long on public roads in the United States are located off the Federal Aid System, are on local rural and urban roads or rural minor collectors, and are classified as off-system bridges. Approximately one-third of the off-system bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The majority of states with large bridge populations are rural states with large percentages of structures owned by counties and other local agencies. Many of these bridges are on low-volume roads. Given the size of the deficient bridge population and the concentration of these bridges largely on locally owned networks, a recent NCHRP synthesis (NCHRP 32-08, Cost Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges) has explored the current practices regarding the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of off-system bridges. The administrative aspects of off-system bridge ownership and management were explored, including sources and problems of funding, bridge asset management, design policies for off-system bridges, exploration of the environmental process, and discussions of interagency partnering and coordination problems. A significant body of work exists on effective bridge maintenance and rehabilitation. A significant discussion of bridge strengthening, including specific techniques used on low-volume-road bridges, was also examined. Concerning bridge replacements, the literature and owner survey were used to provide information on successful concepts currently being used. In addition to successful bridge replacement options, discussion of the use of standard plans, design aids, and software is promoted as leading to standard and efficient low-volume-road bridge replacements.

Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation Design Methodology Currently Used on Low-Volume Roads in Southern Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Grobler ◽  
A. Taute ◽  
I. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Pavement Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Volume

A pavement evaluation and rehabilitation design methodology is currently employed in southern Africa on relatively light pavement structures used for low-volume roads. The pavements normally consist of natural gravel materials in most layers and thin bituminous surfacings. When nearing the end of their design lives, they exhibit distresses ranging from minor deformation through aging of the surface to structural cracking and potholes. Rehabilitation options normally involve light stone seals or other inexpensive and cost-effective treatments. The phases of investigation for pavement evaluation and rehabilitation designs start with desk study to establish the history of the road and its past performance from pavement management system outputs. Detailed visual evaluations are then conducted of road features and extent of various forms of distress. These data are presented followed by a decision-making process to select areas for more detailed testing. All the information is used to determine the causes of distress and likely rehabilitation alternatives. Further destructive and nondestructive testing is carried out to predict performance of rehabilitation designs and equivalent annual cost comparisons. Rehabilitation design is also done with use of the dynamic cone penetrometer. Decision criteria are set for use of tests undertaken in the assessments, and test results are evaluated. This procedure normally results in a wide range of rehabilitation options, from application of a diluted emulsion as a surface rejuvenator to more extensive patching and resealing to major rehabilitation and overlays. This process effectively produces cost-effective solutions that maximize limited budgets. It is essential that the road authority be prepared to share the risks of the low-cost options with the designer. In this way benefits of low-cost solutions are realized, whereas, in a limited number of instances, premature distress may have to be repaired under routine maintenance.

A novel and cost-effective method for the determination of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in low volume rainwater samples

Talanta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Amado ◽  
M.C. Prieto-Blanco ◽  
P. López-Mahía ◽  
S. Muniategui-Lorenzo ◽  
D. Prada-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Low Volume
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