Real-Time Detection of Unsealed Surfaces During Skidding

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Kerry J. McManus ◽  
Aaron S. Blicblau ◽  
Christopher J. Broadhurst ◽  
Ashley M. S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Abs Algorithm

The antilock braking system (ABS) fitted to modern passenger vehicles is intended to provide reliable and efficient braking under critical road conditions or in emergency situations. Thus, ABS-equipped vehicles should remain steerable and maintain directional stability in the event of emergency braking. The ABS on vehicles operates on the principle of detection of brake lockup and release of the lockup to prevent an uncontrollable skid developing on sealed roads. However, on gravel roads or snow-covered roads braking distances can be reduced if brake lockup occurs and a wedge of gravel or snow is allowed to form in front of the wheels. The intervention of ABS prevents the wedge from forming to any significant degree, thereby extending the braking distance. An investigation was carried out of a method of discriminating between sealed and unsealed road surfaces in which a signal can be developed so that an alternative ABS algorithm can be applied specifically for gravel-covered surfaces. An attempt was made to identify and measure the buildup of gravel in front of the wheel directly, using an infrared distance-measurement sensor. Initial tests have shown that the system can provide a signal to the ABS, which will allow a timely response to enable intervention in the activation of the algorithms in the ABS.

scholarly journals Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
En-Ping Chen ◽  
Jiangfeng Cheng ◽  
Jia-Hung Tu ◽  
Chun-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
System A ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
The Cost

A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.

Development of Antilock Braking System Based on Various Intelligent Control System

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2394-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Rau Aparow ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Muhammad Zahir Hassan ◽  
Khisbullah Hudha
Keyword(s):  
Variable Structure ◽  
Strong Nonlinearity ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
Longitudinal Slip ◽  
And Control

This paper presents about the development of an Antilock Braking System (ABS) using quarter vehicle model and control the ABS using different type of controllers. Antilock braking system (ABS) is an important part in vehicle system to produce additional safety for drivers. In general, Antilock braking systems have been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. In this paper, a variable structure controller has been designed to deal with the strong nonlinearity in the design of ABS controller. The controllers such as PID used as the inner loop controller and Fuzzy Logic as outer loop controller to develop as ABS model to control the stopping distance and longitudinal slip of the wheel.

Research on Analog Simulation of Automobile ABS Based on Unigraphis Software

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 648-651
Author(s):  
Jun Long Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Analog Simulation ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Braking System ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Calculation Module ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Set Up

Many traffic accidents are caused by automobile brake problems, human consciousness is difficult to accurately control the car's emergency braking in emergency situations, which requires a special automotive braking system ABS that assists the driver to prevent accidents. ABS system goes through the way of pumping to brake, it can prevent automobile from slipping phenomenon due to tire locked die. The automobile ABS system' working principle and its performance are studied, the first part elaborates the working principle and its work flow of ABS system; the second part establishes the EBD control mathematical model of ABS system; in the third part, the use of Unigraphis software carries out simulation for vehicle ABS, automobile brake and vehicle ABS integrated model are set up by Unigraphis software powerful modeling functions, using the calculation module calculates the change of temperature as well as braking force in process of braking, finally to obtain the system temperature of ABS system that is small in the process of braking, however the braking force is a change of curve, so as to prevent slipping phenomenon caused by the tire locked die, providing the theoretical basis for the design and research of ABS.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKE FORCES WHEN BRAKING A CAR EQUIPPED WITH ABS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Динь Фыонг Чан ◽  
Тхич Минь Хо
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Braking Control

Антиблокировочная система тормозов (АБС) предназначена предотвратить блокировку колес при торможении и сохранить управляемость автомобиля. Она повышает эффективность торможения, уменьшает длину тормозного пути, позволяет обеспечивать лучшую маневренность на скользкой дороге и управляемость при экстренном торможении. В работе представлен анализ некоторых моментов взаимодействия колеса с дорогой в режиме торможения является. Anti-lock braking system is designed to prevent the wheels from locking when braking and keep the vehicle steerable. The anti-lock braking system improves braking efficiency, shortens the braking distance, provides better maneuverability on slippery roads, and emergency braking control. The paper presents the analysis of some moments of interaction of the wheel with the road in the braking mode.

An Adaptive and Fast Control Strategy for Antilock Braking System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tajeddin ◽  
M. Batra ◽  
N. L. Azad ◽  
J. McPhee ◽  
R. A. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Road Characteristics ◽  
Abs Algorithm

After more than 30 years since the Antilock Braking System (ABS) was first introduced, it has become the most important active safety system used on passenger cars. However, it is hard to find a precise description of ABS, its stability and performance in the literature. Most of ABS algorithms currently used are not adaptive to changes of road friction conditions. The aim of our work is to provide a new ABS algorithm that is adaptive to changes of road conditions. To this end, an online parameter estimator is designed to estimate the road characteristics and maximum possible deceleration. Then, a driver demand regulator is proposed to limit the demanded deceleration to the maximum values. In this new strategy, road characteristics are estimated prior to the braking, not during the braking which makes it fast and adaptive. The proposed ABS algorithm is simulated on an artificial driving track and simulation results have been compared to a simple non-adaptive 6-phase Bosch ABS algorithm as our benchmark that is based on deceleration thresholds. Results show a better braking performance and more than 30% of reduction in braking distance.

scholarly journals Assessment of the functional functionality of passenger car brake systems by changing the braking distance during operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Alexander Nazarov ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Kashkanov ◽  
Ivan Nazarov ◽  
Yevhen Ivanchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Relative Change

The article discusses a methodology for assessing the functional suitability of brake systems to change the braking path of passenger cars, taking into account various operating conditions. The goal is achieved by using the method of mathematical modeling of the emergency braking process, taking into account the possible operating conditions of cars performing emergency braking at certain initial speeds, in particular, exceeding 100 km / h. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it has been established that the determination of the braking efficiency of a vehicle classically occurs on the verge of blocking all wheels with known methods of distributing braking forces between the axles of the vehicle. In this case, the standards set the maximum value of the minimum deceleration and braking distance. In addition, the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking force between the wheels of each axle makes it possible to compare it with the requirements of DSTU 3649: 2010, and the assessment of the magnitude of this jump for each braking of the car is to establish its functional suitability. As a result, according to the magnitude of the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking distance, the change in the maximum allowable braking force of the car sets, and according to the magnitude of its jump, it is possible to assess the functional suitability of its braking system. As a result, the use of expert information on the value of jumps in the maximum possible value of the braking force of a car, affecting the braking torques and braking coefficient, can reduce the amount of experimental research and significantly reduce the time to reach an objective decision on the functional suitability of the brake systems of operated cars. The paper presents the results of theoretical studies of passenger cars Chevrolet Aveo, Lada Priora and Forza with different loads, performing emergency braking at an initial speed of 40-150 km / h on a road with dry asphalt concrete. The boundaries of the coefficient of the relative change in the braking distance of the tested passenger car, at which it is possible to make a conclusion about the functional suitability of its braking system, have been established.

scholarly journals Teenage and Adult Drivers’ Views of a One-Day Car Control Class on a Closed-Road Course

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Lauren Mims ◽  
Johnell O. Brooks ◽  
Casey Jenkins ◽  
Alexander Stronczek ◽  
Donnie Isley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Phone Interview ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Driving Skills ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The One ◽  
Seating Position

Traffic-related crashes impact drivers of all ages. Post-license driving classes have emerged to equip drivers with higher level skills needed to prevent and avoid emergency situations. A performance driving center offers teenage and adult car control classes designed to address defensive driving skills through both classroom instruction and hands-on practice on a closed-road track. To obtain the views from teenagers and adults, both groups completed a survey immediately after their classes, and the adults completed a phone interview six months later. Results from the teenage and adult survey showed that both groups reported the most important topics learned during the car control class were skid recovery, using the antilock braking system (ABS) and looking where the car should go. Both teenagers and adults reported that they plan to significantly change their driving behaviors, especially those concerning seating, hand and mirror positions. Overall, after the class, the teenagers and adults felt “moderately competent” in their ability to perform the exercises practiced during the class, which increased from the rating of “not competent” prior to the class. The results from the phone interview with the adults suggest that ABS braking was the most important topic six months later. ABS braking was also the single-most reported skill used after the class and the self-identified skill most used to avoid a crash. The phone interview showed that the adults accurately predicted their use of the behaviors (seating position, vision, distractions, etc.) and turned those behaviors taught during the class into habits of their daily driving. Overall, the results from the teenage and adult survey, as well as the phone interview with the adults, suggest that the participants benefitted from the knowledge and skills gained from the one-day car control class.

Interaction of a Slip-Based Antilock Braking System with Tire Torsional Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery R. Anderson ◽  
John Adcox ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Mike Knauff ◽  
Tim Rhyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Lugre Friction Model ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
Abs Algorithm

ABSTRACT This paper presents simulation and experimental results that outline the interaction between a tire's torsional dynamic properties and antilock braking system (ABS) during a hard braking event. Previous work has shown the importance of the coupled dynamics of the tire's belt, sidewall, and wheel/hub assembly on braking performance for a wheel acceleration-based ABS controller. This work presents findings based on a proprietary slip-based ABS controller. A comprehensive system model including tire torsional dynamics, dynamics of the tread–ground friction (LuGre friction model), and dominant brake system hydraulic dynamics was developed for simulation studies on this slip-based controller. Results from key sensitivity studies of tire torsional parameters are presented along with experimental results obtained on a quarter car braking test rig. In this work, it was found that within a reasonable tire design space (with respect to tire torsional properties), the ABS algorithm tested was extremely robust to changing these parameters. The main conclusion of this result is that when a consumer replaces his or her tires with different (than original equipment) tires, there should be little effect on braking performance.

scholarly journals Design, Analysis and Application of Single-Wheel Test Bench for All-Electric Antilock Braking System in Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Xiangdang XUE ◽  
Ka Wai Eric CHENG ◽  
Wing Wa CHAN ◽  
Yat Chi FONG ◽  
Kin Lung Jerry KAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Abs Algorithms ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
Electromechanical Brake

An antilock braking system (ABS) is one of the most important components in a road vehicle, which provides active protection during braking, to prevent the wheels from locking-up and achieve handling stability and steerability. The all-electric ABS without any hydraulic components is a potential candidate for electric vehicles. To demonstrate and examine the all-electric ABS algorithms, this article proposes a single-wheel all-electric ABS test bench, which mainly includes the vehicle wheel, the roller, the flywheels, and the electromechanical brake. To simulate dynamic operation of a real vehicle’s wheel, the kinetic energy of the total rotary components in the bench is designed to match the quarter of the one of a commercial car. The vertical force to the wheel is adjustable. The tire-roller contact simulates the real tire-road contact. The roller’s circumferential velocity represents the longitudinal vehicle velocity. The design and analysis of the proposed bench are described in detail. For the developed prototype, the rated clamping force of the electromechanical brake is 11 kN, the maximum vertical force to the wheel reaches 300 kg, and the maximum roller (vehicle) velocity reaches 100 km/h. The measurable bandwidth of the wheel speed is 4 Hz–2 kHz and the motor speed is 2.5 Hz–50 kHz. The measured results including the roller (vehicle) velocity, the wheel velocity, and the wheel slip are satisfactory. This article offers the effective tools to verify all-electric ABS algorithms in a laboratory, hence saving time and cost for the subsequent test on a real road.

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