Assessment of Capital Requirements for Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Stork ◽  
Margaret Singh ◽  
Michael Wang ◽  
Anant Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Reformulated Gasoline ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

An assessment of the capital requirements associated with six different fuels in light-duty vehicles being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles to achieve tripled fuel economy is presented. The six fuels include two petroleum-based fuels (reformulated gasoline and low-sulfur diesel) and four alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen). Estimates of the cumulative capital needs for establishing fuel production and distribution infrastructure to accommodate the fuel needs of tripled fuel economy (3X) vehicles are developed. Two levels of fuel volume—11 000 m3 (70,000 barrels) per day and 254 000 m3 (1.6 million barrels) per day—were established for meeting 3X-vehicle fuel demand. As expected, infrastructure capital needs for the high fuel demand level are much higher than for the low fuel demand level. Between fuel production infrastructure and distribution infrastructure, capital needs for the former far exceed those for the latter. Among the four alternative fuels, hydrogen bears the largest capital needs for production and distribution infrastructure.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLAXSEED BIODIESEL BLENDS WITH TIO2 COATED PISTON ON A FOUR STROKE DI DIESEL ENGINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
R. Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
S. Sunilkumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Diesel engines are being used extensively for fuel economy but due to gradual depletion of Petroleum resources and increase in exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for the diesel engines. As our country is an agricultural country, if the alternate fuels are produced by our farmers it will be beneficial for the country and the farmers also. In recent studies, researchers studied various vegetable oils like canola oil, alovera oil, soya been oil, flaxseed oil and hone oil etc. Out of all flaxseed oil play an important role as an alternative fuel. But the properties of flaxseed oil are not suitable for the usage in the existing diesel engines without blending with diesel fuel. The performance of the engine depends on the combustion phenomenon and it further depends on the amount of heat retained in the combustion chamber. Hence the present work is planned accordingly to develop an insulated engine by coating the piston with TIO2material. So that more amount of heat will be retained in the combustion chamber which aids the combustion. Further the performance of flaxseedbiodiesel blend namely B10, B20, B30 and B40 are tested and the results are mentioned accordingly.

scholarly journals Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 762-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Gao ◽  
Scott J. Curran ◽  
James E. Parks ◽  
David E. Smith ◽  
Robert M. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Emerging new-generation covalent organic frameworks composites as green catalysts: design, synthesis and solar to fuel production

2022 ◽  
pp. 134594
Author(s):  
Shilpa Patial ◽  
Pankaj Raizada ◽  
Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan ◽  
Arachana Singh ◽  
Quyet Van Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
New Generation

Fuel Use and CO2 Emissions Under Uncertainty From Light-Duty Vehicles in the U.S. to 2050

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Bastani ◽  
John B. Heywood ◽  
Chris Hope
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
The Future ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

On-road transportation contributes 22% of the total CO2 emissions and more than 44% of oil consumption in the U.S. Technological advancements and use of alternative fuels are often suggested as ways to reduce these emissions. However, many parameters and relationships that determine the future characteristics of the light-duty vehicle fleet and how they change over time are inherently uncertain. Policy makers need to make decisions today given these uncertainties, to shape the future of light-duty vehicles. Decision makers thus need to know the impact of uncertainties on the outcome of their decisions and the associated risks. This paper explores a carefully constructed detailed pathway that results in a significant reduction in fuel use and GHG emissions in 2050. Inputs are assigned realistic uncertainty bounds, and the impact of uncertainty on this pathway is analyzed. A novel probabilistic fleet model is used here to quantify the uncertainties within advanced vehicle technology development, and life-cycle emissions of alternative fuels and renewable sources. Based on the results from this study, the expected fuel use is about 500 and 350 billion litres gasoline equivalent, with a standard deviation of about 40 and 80 billion litres in years 2030 and 2050 respectively. The expected CO2 emissions are about 1,360 and 840 Mt CO2 equivalent with a spread of about 130 and 260 Mt CO2 equivalent in 2030 and 2050 respectively. Major contributing factors in determining the future fuel consumption and emissions are also identified and include vehicle scrappage rate, annual growth of vehicle kilometres travelled in the near term, total vehicle sales, fuel consumption of naturally-aspirated engines, and percentage of gasoline displaced by cellulosic ethanol. This type of analysis allows policy makers to better understand the impact of their decisions and proposed policies given the technological and market uncertainties that we face today.

scholarly journals Multivariable Tracking Control of a Bioethanol Process under Uncertainties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cecilia Fernández ◽  
M. Nadia Pantano ◽  
Emanuel Serrano ◽  
Gustavo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Control ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Process Complexity

Bioethanol is one of the most studied alternative fuels nowadays. Due to its production process complexity and the low quality of the mathematical models that describe it, a reliable controller is needed to maximize the fuel production and minimize its environmental impact, even in the presence of uncertainty. Here, a controller for tracking optimal profiles considering model errors and external perturbations is proposed. This work is an improvement of a previously presented technique. To reduce the earlier mentioned uncertainties’ effect during the fermentation, some tracking error integrators are added in the control action calculation. This simple modification ensures the tracking error convergence to zero, even in the presence of uncertainties (demonstration available). Different tests are carried out and a performance comparison with the original controller is shown to highlight improvements in the tracking error of up to 98% when integrators are incorporated. Furthermore, a classical PI controller is contrasted with the proposed techniques.

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