The Texas Project: Part 3 - Off-Cycle Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles Operating on CNG, LPG, Federal Phase 1 Reformulated Gasoline, and/or Low Sulfur Certification Gasoline

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-Y Wu ◽  
Ronald D. Matthews ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
K Shen ◽  
J. Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Reformulated Gasoline ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Assessment of Capital Requirements for Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Stork ◽  
Margaret Singh ◽  
Michael Wang ◽  
Anant Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Reformulated Gasoline ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

An assessment of the capital requirements associated with six different fuels in light-duty vehicles being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles to achieve tripled fuel economy is presented. The six fuels include two petroleum-based fuels (reformulated gasoline and low-sulfur diesel) and four alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen). Estimates of the cumulative capital needs for establishing fuel production and distribution infrastructure to accommodate the fuel needs of tripled fuel economy (3X) vehicles are developed. Two levels of fuel volume—11 000 m3 (70,000 barrels) per day and 254 000 m3 (1.6 million barrels) per day—were established for meeting 3X-vehicle fuel demand. As expected, infrastructure capital needs for the high fuel demand level are much higher than for the low fuel demand level. Between fuel production infrastructure and distribution infrastructure, capital needs for the former far exceed those for the latter. Among the four alternative fuels, hydrogen bears the largest capital needs for production and distribution infrastructure.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation Methodology to Assess the Impact of Ambient Wind on Emissions from a Light-Commercial Vehicle Running on the Worldwide-Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Alexandros T. Zachiotis ◽  
Evangelos G. Giakoumis
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

A Monte Carlo simulation methodology is suggested in order to assess the impact of ambient wind on a vehicle’s performance and emissions. A large number of random wind profiles is generated by implementing the Weibull and uniform statistical distributions for wind speed and direction, respectively. Wind speed data are drawn from eight cities across Europe. The vehicle considered is a diesel-powered, turbocharged, light-commercial vehicle and the baseline trip is the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicles WLTC cycle. A detailed engine-mapping approach is used as the basis for the results, complemented with experimentally derived correction coefficients to account for engine transients. The properties of interest are (engine-out) NO and soot emissions, as well as fuel and energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Results from this study show that there is an aggregate increase in all properties, vis-à-vis the reference case (i.e., zero wind), if ambient wind is to be accounted for in road load calculation. Mean wind speeds for the different sites examined range from 14.6 km/h to 24.2 km/h. The average increase in the properties studied, across all sites, ranges from 0.22% up to 2.52% depending on the trip and the property (CO2, soot, NO, energy consumption) examined. Based on individual trip assessment, it was found that especially at high vehicle speeds where wind drag becomes the major road load force, CO2 emissions may increase by 28%, NO emissions by 22%, and soot emissions by 13% in the presence of strong headwinds. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the adverse effect of headwinds far exceeds the positive effect of tailwinds, thus explaining the overall increase in fuel/energy consumption as well as emissions, while also highlighting the shortcomings of the current certification procedure, which neglects ambient wind effects.

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 emitted from China IV and China V light-duty vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 147101
Author(s):  
Yanzhao Hao ◽  
Shunxi Deng ◽  
Zhaowen Qiu ◽  
Zhenzhen Lu ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Revised Method for Calculating Departure Sight Distance at Two-Way Stop-Controlled (TWSC) Intersections

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110315
Author(s):  
Essam Dabbour ◽  
Said M. Easa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
System Data ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

This paper introduces realistic acceleration profiles for light-duty vehicles departing from rest at two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections where minor roads (controlled by stop signs) intersect with uncontrolled major roads. The new profiles are based on current vehicle characteristics and driver behavior patterns. They are established based on actual field data collected using global positioning system data loggers that recorded the positional and speed data of various experimental vehicles starting from rest at TWSC intersections. Acceleration profiles are established in this paper and are used to develop a revised method for calculating the departure sight distance at TWSC intersections. Design tables were created to provide realistic sight distance values at TWSC intersections for different design speeds and number of lanes on the major road. It was found that the current values of intersection sight distance suggested by the design guides may be inadequate. Such values may force some approaching drivers on the major road to reduce their speeds or move to different traffic lanes to avoid conflicting with the departing vehicles. These maneuvers may have negative impacts on traffic safety. Therefore, implementing the revised method for calculating intersection sight distance, as presented in this paper, may ultimately reduce traffic collisions at TWSC intersections.

scholarly journals Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 762-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Gao ◽  
Scott J. Curran ◽  
James E. Parks ◽  
David E. Smith ◽  
Robert M. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

scholarly journals Trends in Exhaust Emissions from In-Use California Light-Duty Vehicles, 1994-2001

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Kean ◽  
Robert F. Sawyer ◽  
Robert A. Harley ◽  
Gary R. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles
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