Performance of CAL/APT Drained and Undrained Pavements Under HVS Loading

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Harvey ◽  
L. Louw ◽  
I. Guada ◽  
D. Hung ◽  
C. Scheffy
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
California Department ◽  
Accelerated Pavement Testing ◽  
Pavement Testing ◽  
Fatigue Crack Development ◽  
And Performance

The Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) test results of the first experiment of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Accelerated Pavement Testing Program, known as CAL/APT, are presented. The Goal 1 experiment was designed to validate the existing Caltrans pavement thickness design method for drained (containing an asphalt treated permeable base layer) and undrained (containing aggregate base only) flexible pavements. The pavement performance results include fatigue crack development, surface profile, and vertical deflections. The observed performance of the two types of structures is compared. The effects of construction compaction of the asphalt concrete, bonding between asphalt concrete lifts, the relative performance of the drained and undrained structures under the controlled HVS environment, and comparison of the observed performance and performance expected by the thickness design procedure are presented and discussed.

Prediction of Pavement Fatigue for California Department of Transportation Accelerated Pavement Testing Program Drained and Undrained Test Sections

1996 ◽  
Vol 1540 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Fenella Long ◽  
John Harvey ◽  
Clark Scheffy ◽  
Carl L. Monismith
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
California Department ◽  
Accelerated Pavement Testing ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Pavement Testing

The use of laboratory testing and mechanistic analysis to predict the fatigue life of the California Department of Transportation accelerated pavement testing (CAL/APT) heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) test sections is investigated. Two pavement structures are investigated: a drained pavement that includes an asphalt-treated permeable base layer and an undrained conventional asphalt concrete pavement. The fatigue life under HVS accelerated loading for both sections is predicted using the laboratory testing procedure from SHRP A-003A, which is based on tests of actual pavement samples using the flexural fatigue beam test. This fatigue life is compared with predictions from the SHRP A-003A surrogate equation for flexural testing, the Shell model, and the Asphalt Institute model. The critical tensile strains for the fatigue calculations using the models investigated were determined using linear elastic theory. Ranges of moduli for the pavement layers were determined from extensive material testing, and 24 moduli combinations were made. The effect of pavement type, changes in moduli, and the HVS loading conditions on the tensile strain and fatigue life predictions between the models is discussed. Reasons for differences between predicted fatigue lives and their implications are also discussed. Predicted fatigue life is compared with actual performance under HVS loading for the drained pavement.

Mitigation of permanent deformation in base layer containing recycled asphalt aggregates

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Bilodeau ◽  
Guy Doré ◽  
Jonas Depatie
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Thickness Increase ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
Pavement Base

The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates as replacement for new materials in the pavement base weakens the layer in regards to the resistance to permanent deformation under repeated loading. A mechanistic based design procedure is proposed to ensure that base layers containing RAP particles have a similar rutting behaviour to base layers made of virgin aggregates. The design procedure allows calculating an asphalt concrete thickness increase that is based on permanent deformation behaviour of base materials. The calculation approach is based on multistage triaxial permanent deformation tests performed on granular material samples with varied RAP content. The tests allowed proposing an equation that relates permanent strain rate, RAP content, and deviatoric stress, which is the basis of the design procedure. Design charts are proposed to select adequate thickness increase for the asphalt concrete layer according to the expected RAP content in the base layer and asphalt concrete modulus.

Performance of Dowel Bar Retrofitted Concrete Pavement Under Heavy Vehicle Simulator Loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 1823 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Harvey ◽  
Lorina Popescu ◽  
Abdikarim Ali ◽  
David Bush
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
California Department ◽  
Accelerated Pavement Testing ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
Pavement Testing ◽  
Load Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Dowel Bar ◽  
Heavy Vehicle Simulator

The California Department of Transportation uses dowel bar retrofit (DBR) as a rehabilitation strategy for concrete pavements. Two test sections were retrofitted with dowel bars and a third section was designated as a control on US-101 near Ukiah, California. All three sections were subjected to accelerated pavement testing by using the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS). The results obtained with the HVS demonstrated a large improvement in load transfer efficiency (LTE) and decreases in maximum vertical deflections and vertical deflection differences from DBR. LTE was not damaged by trafficking on the sections with DBR and was less sensitive to temperature changes than the control section. Falling weight deflectometer testing showed damage to the interlock at the joint on the control section and no damage on the sections with DBR. Joint and crack deflections and deflection differences increased with trafficking. A total equivalent loading of approximately 11,000,000 equivalent single-axle loads was applied to each of the sections with DBR without failure occurring.

Establishing the California Department of Transportation Accelerated Pavement Testing Program

1996 ◽  
Vol 1540 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Nokes ◽  
P. J. Stolarski ◽  
C. L. Monismith ◽  
J. T. Harvey ◽  
N. Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
California Department ◽  
Accelerated Pavement Testing ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pavement Testing

How the California Department of Transportation Accelerated Pavement Testing (CAL/APT) Program was established is described. Discussion includes history of the program, search for full-scale pavement testing technology suitable to California, results of a pilot project conducted on test pavements built in South Africa, laboratory tests included in the CAL/APT program, and development of an organization to manage CAL/APT and implement its products. A status report on testing and planning is included.

Accelerated Pavement Testing to Evaluate the Reinforcement Effect of Geogrids in Flexible Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Bingye Han ◽  
Pawel Polaczyk ◽  
Hongren Gong ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Yuetan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Flexible Pavements ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Accelerated Pavement Testing ◽  
Forensic Evaluations ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Testing ◽  
Response Testing

This study presents an accelerated pavement testing (APT) to evaluate the reinforcement effect of geogrids in flexible pavements. A full-scale conventional three-layer flexible pavement structure was constructed, and was divided into one unreinforced section and two reinforced sections with base reinforced by geogrids placed at different depth of base course. The testing program was divided into three parts: performance testing, response testing, and forensic evaluations. The performance testing recorded the development of surface permanent deformation with the number of loadings. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) was employed to investigate deflections and moduli of flexible pavements in the response testing. The excavation of pavements was to further analyze reinforcement mechanisms. Test results demonstrated the benefits of incorporating geogrids in base course in reducing the permanent deformation and improving the modulus of base course. Compared with the unreinforced section, accumulated permanent deformations in the two reinforced sections decreased significantly, with a drop of 13%–37%, and the back-calculated moduli of the reinforced base increased by 58%–78% after APT. It was possible that sufficient permanent deformation was needed for mobilizing geogrids to constrain lateral movements of granular particles, to increase the overall structural behavior of the reinforced base course, and to improve the stress distribution on the subgrade. These interaction mechanisms were also confirmed in the pavement trench. For a pavement system consisting of a thin surface and base layer, the proper placement position of geogrids was at the base–subgrade interface for this test and loading arrangement.

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