scholarly journals Mean annual runoff and annual runoff variability map for Oklahoma, 1940–2007

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jerrod Smith ◽  
Elise M. Sherrod
Keyword(s):  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Runoff Variability

Recent Intensified Runoff Variability in the Hailar River Basin during the Past Two Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2257-2273
Author(s):  
Junxia Li ◽  
Xueping Bai ◽  
Yuting Jin ◽  
Fangbo Song ◽  
Zhenju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Runoff Variability

AbstractUsing tree-ring data of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica from the Hulun Buir region in northeast China, 12 annual runoff series of the Hailar River spanning the past 202–216 years were established for the first time; these included 11 branches and one for the entire basin. These reconstructions, which could explain 29.4%–52.7% of the total variance for the measured runoffs during 1956–2006, performed well in statistical verification tests. In the whole basin’s reconstruction of 212 years, 34 extreme drought years (16.0%) and 41 extreme pluvial years (19.3%) were identified; 4 of the 10 most extreme years occurred after 1980. The consistent cycle and correlation revealed that the Hailar runoff had a teleconnection with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The sharply increasing variance at the end of the reconstruction, accompanied by the increasing intensity of short cycles (4–8 years), indicated that runoff variability in the Hailar River basin has enhanced in the late twentieth century. This is verified by the drastic fluctuations in water level and area of rivers and lakes, and the frequent shift of natural land cover types in the Hulun Buir area in recent decades. The intensified runoff variability can be connected with the concurrently enhanced ENSO activity. Our study is the first to identify the intensification of recent runoff variability in the semiarid to arid region in northeast China from a long-term perspective. With projected enhancement of ENSO activity, the Hailar River basin will face the increased risk of extreme hydrological events.

scholarly journals Detecting the long-term impacts from climate variability and increasing water consumption on runoff in the Krishna river basin (India)

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Bouwer ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
P. Droogers ◽  
A. J. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Central India ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract. Variations in climate, land-use and water consumption can have profound effects on river runoff. There is an increasing demand to study these factors at the regional to river basin-scale since these effects will particularly affect water resources management at this level. This paper presents a method that can help to differentiate between the effects of man-made hydrological developments and climate variability at the basin scale. We show and explain the relation between climate, water consumption and changes in runoff for the Krishna river basin in central India. Runoff under climate variability and increasing water consumption for irrigation and hydropower is simulated for the last 100 years using the STREAM water balance model. Runoff under climate variability is shown to vary only by about 14–34 mm (6–15%). It appears that reservoir construction after 1960 and increasing water consumption has caused a persistent decrease in annual runoff of up to approximately 123 mm (61%). Variation in runoff under natural climate variability only would have decreased over the period under study, but we estimate that increasing water consumption causes about two thirds of the current runoff variability.

scholarly journals River runoff variability at watercourses of the Ural river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Regina Fatkhutdinova ◽  
Diana Gareeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Water Management Planning

The article is devoted to spatial and temporal variabilities of the river runoff on the example of the river Ural within the territory of the Russian Federation. The author points out the necessity of investigating fluctuations in the water resources of a transboundary river for the purposes of long-term water management planning. Using the coefficient of variation and asymmetry, the annual runoff variability is analyzed.

scholarly journals A Simple Methodology for Estimating Mean and Variability of Annual Runoff and Reservoir Yield under Present and Future Climates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. McMahon ◽  
Murray C. Peel ◽  
Geoffrey G. S. Pegram ◽  
Ian N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reservoir Yield

Abstract Overlying the challenge of managing within natural hydroclimatic variability is the likely modification of runoff variability along with average runoff due to anthropogenic enhancement of greenhouse gas concentrations. In this paper analytical models are developed in which runoff mean and variability, the latter defined by the variance (or standard deviation) of annual runoff, are related to the variances and the covariance of annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the aridity index (mean annual potential evapotranspiration divided by mean annual precipitation). The method was validated using observed runoff data for 699 worldwide catchments. It was concluded that combining the Schreiber function, which relates the ratio of annual actual evapotranspiration to annual precipitation, with the analytical models provided satisfactory estimates of observed annual runoff mean and interannual variability. It was also concluded that estimates of annual runoff variability based on the simplified model of Koster and Suarez were unsatisfactory. By way of illustrating the new methodology, the approach was applied to projected annual values of precipitation from the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 1 (HadGEM) and it showed that considerable changes in reservoir yield are likely to occur if climate change projections of precipitation from HadGEM are realistic. Finally, further simplifications of the equations, based on the Schreiber function, are developed to estimate the mean and standard deviation of annual runoff that allow climate analysts to estimate the impact of potential climate changes on annual runoff characteristics and reservoir yield performance without having to resort to the calibration and application of a rainfall-runoff model or rely on the runoff output from general circulation models to examine such characteristics.

Analysis and projection of runoff variation in three Chinese rivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1296-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingqi Li ◽  
Irina Krasovskaia ◽  
Lihua Xiong ◽  
Lei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Runoff Variation ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
Flow Duration Curves ◽  
Wei River

Runoff variability is investigated separately for the Wei, the Bei, and the Qing Rivers in China with a focus on their respective differences in monthly flow patterns and flow duration curves (FDCs) between years with and without annual runoff deficit. The number of deficit runoff years increased in the Wei River and changed slightly in the Bei and Qing Rivers, respectively. Monthly flow variation patterns and FDCs differ between deficit and non-deficit years. The deficit years generally demonstrate earlier and more dispersed flow maxima. Deficit runoff years are contingent with the negative phase of the Polar-Eurasian Oscillation and vice versa, while generally they show contingency with the positive phase of the SST (Niño 3.4) and vice versa. The correlation between the human activity factors and the weights obtained by decomposing the runoff series into empirical orthogonal functions indicated that the human impact on the runoff variation was detectable: 22–25% in the Wei River, 28% in the Bei River, and negligible in the Qing River. We projected FDCs by weighting the distinctly different FDCs for deficit/non-deficit years according to several precipitation scenarios.

scholarly journals Detecting the long-term impacts from climate variability and increasing water consumption on runoff in the Krishna river basin (India)

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Bouwer ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
P. Droogers ◽  
A. J. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Central India ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Runoff Variability

Abstract. Variations in climate, land-use and water consumption can have profound effects on river runoff. There is an increasing demand to study these factors at the regional to river basin-scale since these effects will particularly affect water resources management at this level. This paper presents a method that can help to differentiate between the effects of man-made hydrological developments and climate variability (including both natural variability and anthropogenic climate change) at the basin scale. We show and explain the relation between climate, water consumption and changes in runoff for the Krishna river basin in central India. River runoff variability due to observed climate variability and increased water consumption for irrigation and hydropower is simulated for the last 100 years (1901–2000) using the STREAM water balance model. Annual runoff under climate variability is shown to vary only by about 14–34 millimetres (6–15%). It appears that reservoir construction after 1960 and increasing water consumption has caused a persistent decrease in annual river runoff of up to approximately 123 mm (61%). Variation in runoff under climate variability only would have decreased over the period under study, but we estimate that increasing water consumption has caused runoff variability that is three times higher.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

Average Annual Runoff in the United States, 1951-80

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Gebert ◽  
David J. Graczyk ◽  
William R. Krug
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Average Annual Runoff

Can the mass balance of the entire glacier area of the Tien Shan be estimated?

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
M.B. Dyurgerov ◽  
M.G. Kunakhovitch ◽  
V.N. Mikhalenko ◽  
A. M. Sokalskaya ◽  
V. A. Kuzmichenok
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Boundary Area

The total area of glacierization of the Tien Shan in the boundary area of the USSR is about 8000 km2. The computation of mass balance was determined for this area in 12 river basins.In computation procedure, the vertical profile of snow accumulation in these regions and exponential dependence of variation of ablation with altitude are used. Thus the mass balance in each basin, bn, was calculated on the basis of these curves and represented in its relation with the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). It is shown that the relation ELA = f(bn) is linear when the range of bn values is close to zero, and in all altitude intervals this relation can be described by hypsographic curves, in all basins bn positive up to an ELA elevation of 3450 to 3500 m a.s.l. For average annual altitude of ELA, bn is negative for all regions. So the glaciers of these mountains add about 4 km3 of water to the total annual runoff.

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