Annual Peak-Flow and Peak Dam-Pool-Elevation Frequency Characteristics of Selected Dry Dams in the Great Miami River Basin, Ohio

One of the most useful and commonly used parameters to describe a flood event is peak flow or annual maximum flood. In many localities, storm water control facilities are required and their sizes are determined based on certain peak flow magnitude. This study aimed at estimating the average recurrent interval (ARI) of flood event for Johor River basin based on the distributions of annual peak flow. The analysis used annual maximum flow data from July 1965 to June 2010 recorded at the Rantau Panjang gauging station. Five distribution models, namely Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Lognormal, Pearson 5, Weibull and Gamma were tested. The goodness fit test (GOF) of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) was used to evaluate and estimate the best-fitted distribution. The results reaffirm the current practice that GEV is still the best-fitted distribution model for fitting the annual peak flow data. On the other hand, gamma distribution showed the poorest result.

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Process-Based Modeling of the High Flow of a Semi-Mountain River under Current and Future Climatic Conditions: A Case Study of the Iya River (Eastern Siberia)

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1042

Author(s):

Andrey Kalugin

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

River Basin ◽

21St Century ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

High Flow ◽

Peak Discharge ◽

Future Climate ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Generation Model ◽

Annual Peak

The purpose of the study was to analyze the formation conditions of catastrophic floods in the Iya River basin over the observation period, as well as a long-term forecast of the impacts of future climate change on the characteristics of the high flow in the 21st century. The semi-distributed process-based Ecological Model for Applied Geophysics (ECOMAG) was applied to the Iya River basin. Successful model testing results were obtained for daily discharge, annual peak discharge, and discharges exceeding the critical water level threshold over the multiyear period of 1970–2019. Modeling of the high flow of the Iya River was carried out according to a Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.91, a percent bias (PBIAS) of −1%, and a ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) of 0.41. The preflood coefficient of water-saturated soil and the runoff coefficient of flood-forming precipitation in the Iya River basin were calculated in 1980, 1984, 2006, and 2019. Possible changes in the characteristics of high flow over summers in the 21st century were calculated using the atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) and the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) as the boundary conditions in the runoff generation model. Anomalies in values were estimated for the middle and end of the current century relative to the observed runoff over the period 1990–2019. According to various Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP-scenarios) of the future climate in the Iya River basin, there will be less change in the annual peak discharge or precipitation and more change in the hazardous flow and its duration, exceeding the critical water level threshold, at which residential buildings are flooded.

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Dependence Between Extreme Rainfall Events and the Seasonality and Bivariate Properties of Floods. A Continuous Distributed Physically-Based Approach

Water ◽

10.3390/w11091896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1896 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel-Martin ◽

Sordo-Ward ◽

Garrote ◽

García

Keyword(s):

Peak Flow ◽

Total Duration ◽

Weather Generator ◽

Return Periods ◽

Storm Events ◽

Stochastic Weather Generator ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Annual Peak ◽

Extreme Flood ◽

Physically Based

This paper focuses on proposing the minimum number of storms necessary to derive the extreme flood hydrographs accurately through event-based modelling. To do so, we analyzed the results obtained by coupling a continuous stochastic weather generator (the Advanced WEather GENerator) with a continuous distributed physically-based hydrological model (the TIN-based real-time integrated basin simulator), and by simulating 5000 years of hourly flow at the basin outlet. We modelled the outflows in a basin named Peacheater Creek located in Oklahoma, USA. Afterwards, we separated the independent rainfall events within the 5000 years of hourly weather forcing, and obtained the flood event associated to each storm from the continuous hourly flow. We ranked all the rainfall events within each year according to three criteria: Total depth, maximum intensity, and total duration. Finally, we compared the flood events obtained from the continuous simulation to those considering the N highest storm events per year according to the three criteria and by focusing on four different aspects: Magnitude and recurrence of the maximum annual peak-flow and volume, seasonality of floods, dependence among maximum peak-flows and volumes, and bivariate return periods. The main results are: (a) Considering the five largest total depth storms per year generates the maximum annual peak-flow and volume, with a probability of 94% and 99%, respectively and, for return periods higher than 50 years, the probability increases to 99% in both cases; (b) considering the five largest total depth storms per year the seasonality of flood is reproduced with an error of less than 4% and (c) bivariate properties between the peak-flow and volume are preserved, with an error on the estimation of the copula fitted of less than 2%.

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Seasonal Surface Runoff Characteristics in the Semiarid Region of Western Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China—A Case of the Alun River Basin

Water ◽

10.3390/w11030557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Jinbai Huang ◽

Kotaro Tagawa ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Jiawei Wen ◽

Jingcai Wang

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Heilongjiang Province ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Total Runoff ◽

Annual Means

Water resource issues are a challenging area of research in semiarid regions of the world. The objective of the current study was to reveal the main characteristics of seasonal surface runoff for the semiarid western Heilongjiang Province of China. The Alun River Basin, which has hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the local region, was adopted as the study location. A distributed rainfall-runoff combined with snowmelt hydrological model was used to carry out the runoff calculation for the six years (2011–2016). The results indicated that: The mean annual runoff coefficient was 0.34; snowmelt runoff accounted for 2.2% of annual total runoff in 2011–2016; the main part of annual rainfall and runoff was concentrated in the rainy season from June to September, the proportions of rainfall and runoff in this period were 78% and 86% to that of the annual means of 2011–2016; the peak flow represents a decreased trend since 2013, and evidently decreased in 2015 and 2016; less annual precipitation complex with paddy field retention of rainwater and runoff led to the peak flow and annual runoff coefficient in 2016 were obviously lower than that of annual means of 2011–2016. The results are expected to provide the basis for rational development and utilization of surface runoff, and further researches on surface runoff and water resources of the semiarid western Heilongjiang Province of China.

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Flow routing with Semi-distributed hydrological model HEC- HMS in case of Narayani River Basin

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v10i1.10877 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Narayan Prasad Gautam

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Hydrological Modeling ◽

Numerical Solutions ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Channel Cross Section ◽

Hydrological Models ◽

Distributed Hydrological Model ◽

Element Discretization ◽

Verification Period

Routing is the modeling process to determine the outflow at an outlet from given inflow at upstream of the channel. A hydrological simulation model use mathematical equations that establish relationships between inputs and outputs of water system and simulates the catchment response to the rainfall input. Several hydrological models have been developed to assist in understanding of hydrologic system and water resources management. A model, once calibrated and verified on catchments, provides a multi-purpose tool for further analysis. Semi-Distributed models in hydrology are usually physically based in that they are defined in terms of theoretically acceptable continuum equations. They do, however, involve some degree of lumping since analytical solutions to the equations cannot be found, and so approximate numerical solutions, based on a finite difference or finite element discretization of the space and time dimensions, are implemented. Many rivers in Nepal are either ungauged or poorly gauged due to extreme complex terrains, monsoon climate and lack of technical and financial supports. In this context the role of hydrological models are extremely useful. In practical applications, hydrological routing methods are relatively simple to implement reasonably accurate. In this study, Gandaki river basin was taken for the study area. Kinematic wave method was used for overland routing and Muskingum cunge method was applied for channel routing to describe the discharge on Narayani river and peak flow attenuation and dispersion observed in the direct runoff hydrograph. Channel cross section parameters are extracted using HEC- GeoRAS extension tool of GIS. From this study result, Annual runoff, Peak flow and time of peak at the outlet are similar to the observed flow in calibration and verification period using trapezoidal channel. Hence Hydrological modeling is a powerful technique in the planning and development of integrated approach for management of water resources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10877Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014 pp. 45-58

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Examining the effects of urban agglomeration polders on flood events in Qinhuai River basin, China with HEC-HMS model

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 2130-2138 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yuqin Gao ◽

Yu Yuan ◽

Huaizhi Wang ◽

Arthur R. Schmidt ◽

Kexuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Flood Control ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Urban Agglomeration ◽

Flood Events ◽

Peak Flows ◽

Flood Volume ◽

Control Pattern ◽

The Impact ◽

Qinhuai River

The urban agglomeration polders type of flood control pattern is a general flood control pattern in the eastern plain area and some of the secondary river basins in China. A HEC-HMS model of Qinhuai River basin based on the flood control pattern was established for simulating basin runoff, examining the impact of urban agglomeration polders on flood events, and estimating the effects of urbanization on hydrological processes of the urban agglomeration polders in Qinhuai River basin. The results indicate that the urban agglomeration polders could increase the peak flow and flood volume. The smaller the scale of the flood, the more significant the influence of the polder was to the flood volume. The distribution of the city circle polder has no obvious impact on the flood volume, but has effect on the peak flow. The closer the polder is to basin output, the smaller the influence it has on peak flows. As the level of urbanization gradually improving of city circle polder, flood volumes and peak flows gradually increase compared to those with the current level of urbanization (the impervious rate was 20%). The potential change in flood volume and peak flow with increasing impervious rate shows a linear relationship.

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Application of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to the Abay River Basin of Ethiopia: The Case of Didessa Sub Basin

10.20944/preprints201805.0147.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Timketa Adula Duguma

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Time Scale ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Swat Model ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Sensitive Parameters ◽

Water Assessment ◽

Soil And Water

Abstract: In this study the semi-distributed model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), were applied to evaluate stream flow of Didessa sub basin, which is one of the major sub basins in Abay river basin of Ethiopia. The study evaluated the quality of observed meteorological and hydrological data, established SWAT hydrological model, identified the most sensitive parameters, evaluated the best distribution for flow and developed peak flow for major tributary in the sub basin. The result indicated that the SWAT model developed for the sub basin evaluated at multi hydro-gauging stations and its performance certain with the statistical measures, coefficient about determination (R2) and also Nash coefficient (NS) with values ranging 0.62 to 0.8 and 0.6 to 0.8 respectively at daily time scale. The values of R2 and NS increases at monthly time scale and found ranging 0.75 to 0.92 and 0.71 to 0.91 respectively. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify parameters those were most sensitive for the sub basin. CN2, GWQMN, CH_K, ALPHA_BNK and LAT_TIME are the most sensitive parameters in the sub basin. Finally, the peak flow for 2-10000 returns periods were determined after the best probability distribution is identified in EasyFit computer program.

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Some Characteristics of Peak Flow in the Richelieu River, Quebec

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 405-408 ◽

pp. 2100-2103

Author(s):

S. Samuel Li

Keyword(s):

Peak Flow ◽

Flood Events ◽

Rating Curve ◽

Annual Peak ◽

Daily Discharge ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Flood Characteristics ◽

Gauging Station ◽

Over Time ◽

Peak Discharges

This paper presents a statistics analysis of 1938-2012 data of daily discharge and water level collected from a gauging station on the Richelieu River in Southern Quebec, Canada. Using the most recent data, this paper aims to update flood characteristics from previous decades old analyses. Such update is important to the flood-prone region. The present analysis covers peak flow magnitude, duration, timing and, more importantly, their changes. The main findings are: There are no significant changes over time in average magnitude of floods, but there are increasing fluctuations between low and high peak discharges. The distribution of annual peak discharges shows a signifcaint shift of skewness from left to right; if this condition persists, future floods are expected to have a larger magnitude than historic flood events. The timing of peak discharges has not shown any significant trend of changes. A new flow rating curve has been obtained for discharge estimates.

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Long-term changes in the discharge regime in Finland

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2010.112 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 253-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Johanna Korhonen ◽

Esko Kuusisto

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Trend Test ◽

Regulated Rivers ◽

Annual Peak ◽

Discharge Regime ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Individual Time Series ◽

Selection Of

This paper presents characteristics of the discharge regime, long-term trends and variability in Finland. A selection of long-term discharge records including both unregulated and regulated rivers and lake outlets were analysed up to the year 2004. In addition to individual time series, monthly and annual discharges from the territory of Finland were calculated for the period 1912–2004. The observed drought and flood periods are also discussed, as well as the connection between discharge regime and climate. Moreover, the periodicity of the time series is examined for a couple of sites. The Mann–Kendall trend test was applied to assess changes in annual, monthly and seasonal mean discharges, maximum and minimum flows and, in addition, the date of the annual peak flow. The trend analysis revealed no changes in mean annual flow in general, but the seasonal distribution of streamflow has changed. Winter and spring mean monthly discharges have increased at most of the observation sites. The spring peak has moved to an earlier date at over one-third of the sites. However, the magnitudes of spring high flow have not changed. Autumn flow did not show trends in general. Minimum flows have increased at about half of the unregulated sites.

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