Technology transfer opportunities: patent license: electrochemical technique for introducing and redistributing ionic species into the earth

Fact Sheet ◽  
1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Leinz
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Patent License ◽  
The Earth

ELECTRONIC STATES IN INTERCALATION MATERIALS STUDIED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 863-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUNNAR A. NIKLASSON ◽  
RAJEEV AHUJA ◽  
MARIA STRØMME
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Disordered Materials ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Intercalation Materials

In this paper, we present a novel method to study the electronic density-of-states of intercalation materials. We present evidence that electrochemical quasi-steady state potential curves of a number of materials exhibit fine structure in striking agreement with the density of electronic states, as obtained from ab initio calculations. The ability to probe the electronic structure by our electrochemical technique seems, in most cases, to be restricted to disordered materials. We suggest that localization of the band states is essential, in order for the technique to give a good picture of their density. The electrochemical density of states is often smaller than the computed one due to kinetic effects, i.e. very slow relaxations of the charge carriers. Our highly sensitive electrochemical method opens new vistas for studying the electronic structure of disordered materials, that can be intercalated with an ionic species.

Ionic dissociation in complexes of iodine with triphenylphosphine and triphenylamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2394-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ru Zhang ◽  
Seymour Aronson ◽  
P. Gary Mennitt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Chemical Shift Data ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Doubly Charged ◽  
Shift Data ◽  
Iodine Complexes

An electrochemical technique has been employed to study the ionization of the iodine complexes of (C6H5)3N and (C6H5)3P. Comparison of the results with a previous study indicates that, at high iodine concentrations, the phosphorus compound behaves like (C6H5)3As and (C6H5)3Sb with the formation of a doubly charged ionic species, (C6H5)3PI22+. The nitrogen compound resembles pyridine in its behavior. Chemical shift data on the (C6H5)3P–I2 system using 31P NMR indicates the presence of additional equilibrium processes.

scholarly journals Do Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Patent License

A commonly offered justification for patent trolls or non-practicingentities (NPEs) is that they serve as a middleman, facilitating innovationand bringing new technology from inventors to those who can implement it.We survey those involved in patent licensing to see how often patentlicense demands actually led to innovation or technology transfer. We findthat very few patent license demands actually lead to new innovation; mostsimply involve payment for the freedom to keep doing what the licensee wasalready doing. Surprisingly, this is true not only of NPE licenses but evenof licenses from product-producing companies and universities. Our resultscast significant doubt on one common justification for patent trolls.

Ionic dissociation in pyridine–iodine solutions

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2060-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Aronson ◽  
Stuart Bryan Wilensky ◽  
Taun-Iuan Yeh ◽  
Darnel Degraff ◽  
Grace Marilyn Wieder
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Iodine Complex ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Pyridine Concentration

An electrochemical technique has been employed to study the ionization of the pyridine–iodine complex in pure pyridine and in 1,2-dichloroethane. A mechanism for the ionization in accord with the experimental data is proposed. The results indicate that, for wide ranges of iodine and pyridine concentration, one quarter of the I2 is dissociated into ionic species.

scholarly journals THE MONOPOLY PRACTICE AND UNFAIR BUSINESS COMPETITION IN THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ACTIVITY THROUGH THE FOREIGN PATENT IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 69-91
Author(s):  
Rahmanisa Purnamasari Faujura ◽  
Elisatris Gultom ◽  
Sudjana Sudjana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Foreign Patent ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Patent License

It is a common knowledge that technology development shall be in line with the development of a nation. This fact is raising the need of developing countries as Indonesia to maximize potential in the field of technology. However, it is not easy as it sounds, there are many obstacles for a country to develop its potential in technology, notably for the expert in the relevant country to master the necessary skills. Due to this limitation, many countries are beginning to fill-in the gap by registering license of foreign patent. It is expected that the use of foreign patent will replace the higher cost and longer time needed in developing local technology in the developing countries. Unfortunately, the use of foreign patent license does not itself automatically enhance one’s ability to master the necessary skills. Many cases where developing countries were deceived by the ‘grant-back’ clause attached to the foreign patent license. The licensee’s position is consequently considered has lower than of the licensor, which in its turn may rise monopoly practice and unfair business competition. This study is conducted with the purpose to formulate an effective technology transfer through the licensing of foreign patent that can refrain from the repetition of monopoly practice and unfair business competition, according to the TRIPs signed by WTO and the positive law in Indonesia. This study is using juridical-normative approach as the methodology of research, it also use analytical approach through the Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patent; Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of the Monopoly Practice and Unfair Business Competition as well as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights signed by the World Trade Organization, with respect to the license agreement of the foreign patent. Based on the issue as established previously in this journal, the expected outcome of increased information dissemination towards countries using patent licensing agreement in technology and information development related to any matter in intellectual property specifically in licensing agreement, which has higher possibility for Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Therefore, shows that in principle in order to prevent the licensing of foreign patent to lead onto the monopoly practice and unfair business competition, a country must establish a controlling entity to supervise the execution of the foreign patent and at the same time, enacting harmonious rules and regulations with such supervision.

Aspects of Innovation and Technology Transfer in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Silvius Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Technological Transfer ◽  
Patent License ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
The University

Abstract Technological information, knowledge transfer, research and innovation are factors of success in the contemporary economy. Romania is on the last place in Europe in terms of innovation, and the Romanian regions occupy the last positions the picture of the European innovation at the regional level. The paper presents a presentation of the situation of the innovation in Romania, with aspects concerning the need for innovation of SMEs. Domestic companies need innovation to cope with the European and international competition. The collaboration with the university/research institutes and the patent/license acquisition have a low share, showing the lack of technology transfer and of certain partnerships between the business environment and the research area. The establishment of networks specialized in technological transfer, with government support, can be a solution for the sustainable growth of the national economy.

Voltammetry of drugs at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailemichael Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ph Range

In this review, the results of the electrochemical investigations made on the transfer of ionizable drugs at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) in the last decade have been presented. In many of the studies, cyclic voltammetry has been used to investigate the transfer characteristics of the charged species and deduce their partition coefficients, which are very important parameters to infer the lipophilicity of drugs in biological systems. The electrochemical technique allows the precise determination of the distribution of ionic species between two phases in a wider pH range. Such studies point out the complexity of the distribution of ionizable compounds and offer a new approach to relate the structure of such compounds to their passive transport across biological membranes.

scholarly journals PATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT IN IMPROVING NATIONAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Yandi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Government Control ◽  
License Agreement ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Patent License ◽  
License Agreements ◽  
Licensing Agreements ◽  
Legal Concepts

Patent License Agreement is one form of technology transfer that can be done to cover the unavailability of technology needed in the country A license is a permit granted by a patent holder, both exclusiveor non-exclusive, to the licensee based on a written agreement for use patents that are protected within certain periods and conditions. Agreement Patent licenses play a big role in advancing the national economy. that is, as a function of government control and supervision in the field of technology, in the end it will impact on the implementation of technology transfer. Remembering the role of the licensing agreement is so large, all efforts intended to support the optimization of the implementation of patent license agreements need to be sought. The purpose of this scientific journal writing is: 1. To find out and analyzelegal protection in patent licensing agreements and their role in advancing the national economy 2. To find out and analyze forms of optimization of arrangements in patent licensing agreements so as to improve the national economy The method used is a normative juridical type, with an approach through legislation, namely Act Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents, as well as approaches to legal concepts that can support the optimization of patent license agreements.

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