scholarly journals The Impact of College Men’s Sexual Coercion Perpetration on Proclivity toward Sexual Assault and Their Cognitive and Emotional Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Garrido-Macías ◽  
Inmaculada Valor-Segura ◽  
Francisca Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
The Impact

Sexual coercion is one of the most frequent manifestations of sexual aggression that occurs within intimate relationships. The current research examined the role of previous perpetration of sexual coercion toward an intimate partner on men’s proclivity toward partner sexual assault and their cognitive and emotional reactions to a sexual assault scenario. Male college students with (n = 45) and without (n = 52) self-reported previous sexual coercion perpetration watched a video clip showing an unwanted sexual interaction that included verbal and physical tactics used by the perpetrator, and they indicated the point at which they would stop acting like the man (response latency), their degree of identification with the perpetrator, their attributions of responsibility to victim and perpetrator, and their emotional state. Results indicated that prior sexual coercion perpetrators scored higher on sexual assault proclivity and reported lower responsibility attributed to the perpetrator than did nonperpetrators. No differences were found in attributed victim’s responsibility and emotional reactions. Furthermore, the increase in severity of the sexual aggression situation resulted in lower identification with the man, higher responsibility toward him, and more negative emotions in general. Findings could have implications for both the assessment of individual risk of future sexual assault and primary prevention efforts.

Perceptions of Rape: The Influence of Closeness of Relationship, Intoxication and Sex of Participant

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina S. Hammock ◽  
Deborah R. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Acquaintance Rape ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
Victim Intoxication ◽  
The Impact

Intoxication of the assailant and/or victim is often mentioned in relation to acquaintance rape. The present study tests how independent observers use this information in their perceptions of acquaintance and stranger rape. One hundred and forty-nine females and 104 males read scenarios depicting a sexual assault and made attributions of responsibility for the rape and evaluated the actors. Victims’ intoxication consistently influenced perceptions of victim culpability as well as respondent evaluation of her. The impact of closeness of relationship was much more complex and less consistent than the effects of victim intoxication.

The Role of Auditors' Emotions and Moods on Audit Judgment: A Research Summary with Suggested Practice Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. P1-P8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kimberly K. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Audit Judgment ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY The reality for auditors is that, during the audit process, they will experience emotional reactions, such as liking or disliking toward client personnel, or anxiety about components of tasks. Auditors also may experience different moods while conducting audits. Research reveals that an important consequence of auditors experiencing emotions and moods is that these reactions can influence their decision making. We provide a summary of the results and practice implications associated with several studies in a stream of research that has examined the impact of auditors' emotions and moods on audit judgments.

Widening the Lens: An Ecological Review of Campus Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Moylan ◽  
McKenzie Javorka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
Campus Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Campus Level

Varying prevalence rates of sexual violence across colleges and universities indicate the need to understand institutional factors underlying such variation; however, research often focuses exclusively on individual risk and protective factors, which both under theorizes and under explains the phenomenon of campus sexual assault. In this review, we propose that broadening to include campus- and contextual-level factors is necessary to fully explain campus sexual assault. Using an ecological approach, we identify and synthesize research related to campus-level variation in sexual violence, including availability of campus services and resources for survivors, institutional risk factors such as alcohol and party culture, athletics, and fraternities, and the impact of policies at the state and federal levels. Suggestions are made for conducting additional research at the campus level and implications of reframing campus sexual assault from an institutional lens are discussed, including the importance of this approach for practice, evaluation, and policy.

When Are Designers Willing to Take Risks? How Concept Creativity and Prototype Fidelity Influence Perceived Risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Starkey ◽  
Jessica Menold ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Building prototypes is an important part of the concept selection phase of the design process, where fuzzy ideas get represented to support communication and decision making. However, previous studies have shown that prototypes generate different levels of user feedback based on their fidelity and aesthetics. Furthermore, prior research on concept selection has shown that individual risk attitude effects how individuals select ideas, as creative ideas are perceived to be riskier in comparison to less creative ideas. While the role of risk has been investigated in concept selection, there is lack of research on how risk is related to the selection of prototypes at various levels of fidelity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prototype fidelity, concept creativity, and risk aversion, on perceived riskiness and concept selection through a between-subjects study with 72 engineering students. The results revealed that there was a “goldilocks” effect in which students choose concepts with “just the right amount” of novelty, not too much and not too little, as long as quality was adequate. In addition, the prototype fidelity of a concept had an interaction with uniqueness, indicating that unique concepts are more likely to be perceived as less risky if presented at higher levels of fidelity.

Sexual coercion, sexual aggression, or sexual assault: how measurement impacts our understanding of sexual violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leana Bouffard ◽  
Amanda Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Definitions of rape and sexual aggression have varied widely in the research literature, resulting in a wide range of estimates for perpetration and remaining questions as to the factors that may affect involvement in sexual violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The current study uses a sample of college men to assess multiple forms of measurement of sexual aggression and theoretical predictors. Findings Findings indicate that the different measures of sexual aggression (broad vs narrow; hypothetical vs behavioral) are significantly correlated with each other. Additionally, many theoretical predictors (rape myths, low self-control, sexual entitlement, and pornography use) are consistently related to all measurement forms. However, some variables (masculinity, peer support for violence against women, sexual partners, and alcohol and drug use) are only related to broad measures of sexual aggression, and some are related only to hypothetical (i.e. certainty of apprehension) or behavioral measures (i.e. fraternity membership). Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen approach, the results may lack generalizability. Findings do, however, point to important considerations in defining sexual aggression moving forward. Practical implications Results point to the importance of aiming policy and programs at the particular characteristics that most consistently impact sexual aggression. Originality/value This paper addresses lingering questions about the impact of differences in definition and measurement on understanding sexual aggression.

Sexual assault

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Monica Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Impact

As GPs we provide life-long care for patients. This provides an opportunity to sensitively and meaningfully help victims of sexual assault and can have a profound impact on patients, their families, and society. Many patients present late, due to fears of sharing their story and a lack of faith in organisations. This article aims to discuss the impact of sexual assault, and provide a practical approach to identifying and managing sexual assault in primary care. We will discuss the role of the sexual assault referral centres and additional resources available to support patients and doctors.

scholarly journals How Dramatic Events Can Affect Emotionality in Social Posting: The Impact of COVID-19 on Reddit

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Valerio Basile ◽  
Francesco Cauteruccio ◽  
Giorgio Terracina
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak impacted almost all the aspects of ordinary life. In this context, social networks quickly started playing the role of a sounding board for the content produced by people. Studying how dramatic events affect the way people interact with each other and react to poorly known situations is recognized as a relevant research task. Since automatically identifying country-based COVID-19 social posts on generalized social networks, like Twitter and Facebook, is a difficult task, in this work we concentrate on Reddit megathreads, which provide a unique opportunity to study focused reactions of people by both topic and country. We analyze specific reactions and we compare them with a “normal” period, not affected by the pandemic; in particular, we consider structural variations in social posting behavior, emotional reactions under the Plutchik model of basic emotions, and emotional reactions under unconventional emotions, such as skepticism, particularly relevant in the COVID-19 context.

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