scholarly journals Emotion Universals: The Foundation from which Cultural Variability of Emotion Emerges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunalan Manokara ◽  
Disa Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
Similarities And Differences

In this chapter, we argue that the question of whether emotions are universal or not must consider different components of emotions separately, and should recognise the possibility that the answers may not be consistent across components. Put differently, the degree to which cross-cultural similarities and differences are observed may depend on which component of that emotion is being examined (e.g., Levenson et al., 2007). We build on this notion and propose that universality for different components of emotions can be most usefully understood within a framework that differentiates between different degrees of universality. Applying the hierarchical framework of universals by Norenzayan and Heine (2005), we discuss typical sets of findings for two components of emotion: emotional experience and emotional expressions. By providing a common set of criteria against which to evaluate the empirical evidence, we hope that this approach may facilitate communication between scholars who hold differing perspectives on the role of culture on human emotion.

Antecedents and Appraisals of Triumph across Four Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110081
Author(s):  
Hyisung C. Hwang ◽  
David Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroshi Yamada ◽  
Aleksandra Kostic ◽  
Juliana Granskaya
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Discrete Emotion ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The U.S

This study examined cross-cultural similarities and differences in antecedents and appraisals of triumph. Participants in the U.S., Serbia, Russia, and Japan provided open-ended descriptions of previous antecedent events that elicited experiences of triumph, and completed a standard appraisal questionnaire about those events. Events that elicited pride were also included for comparison. The open-ended responses were coded using a framework that delineated theoretical characteristics of triumph based on previous research. Findings indicated cross-cultural similarities in the antecedents and appraisals of triumph-eliciting events. Cultural variations were also found, especially between Japan and the other cultural groups and with regard to self-evaluations, which suggested the role of culture in triggering and appraising emotion-eliciting events. These findings extended empirical evidence about these important components of triumph, further contributing to its possibility as a discrete emotion.

scholarly journals Contradictions in Counter-Intuitive Beliefs and Naïve Dialecticism

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Samson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cognitive Anthropology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractIn an article aimed at complementing Boyer and Sperber's (relatively structural) views of counter-intuitive concepts and their robustness in the religious domain, Franks (2003) has recently drawn attention to the fact that the tolerance of such conflict or contradiction appears to be less domain-specific in some cultures, such as those found in East Asia. This paper follows up on this important point by highlighting the similarities and differences of the tolerance for contradictions evident in East Asian 'naïve dialecticism' and nonnatural religious representations. It is argued that, despite their dissimilarity with respect to the content represented, both types of tolerances may be structurally similar. Both could also be anchored in intuition, albeit in qualitatively different ways. Given the general tolerance of psychological contradiction among persons of East Asian cultures and the potential role of religion, the question whether there is a place for the study of 'tolerance of contradiction' in cross-cultural psychology and cognitive anthropology is raised.

Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOCELYN M. KEILLOR ◽  
ANNA M. BARRETT ◽  
GREGORY P. CRUCIAN ◽  
SARAH KORTENKAMP, ◽  
KENNETH M. HEILMAN
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Experience Emotion ◽  
The Ideal

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions are either necessary or sufficient to produce emotional experience. Researchers have noted that the ideal test of the necessity aspect of this hypothesis would be an evaluation of emotional experience in a patient suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis; however, this condition is rare and no such report has been documented. We examined the role of facial expressions in the determination of emotion by studying a patient (F.P.) suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis. Despite her inability to convey emotions through facial expressions, F.P. reported normal emotional experience. When F.P. viewed emotionally evocative slides her reactions were not dampened relative to the normative sample. F.P. retained her ability to detect, discriminate, and image emotional expressions. These findings are not consistent with theories stating that feedback from an active face is necessary to experience emotion, or to process emotional facial expressions. (JINS, 2002, 8, 130–135.)

scholarly journals The Material Presence of Absence: A Dialogue between Museums and Cemeteries

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Meyer ◽  
Kate Woodthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Dead

This is an exploratory paper that aims to stimulate a dialogue between those interested in two particular spaces in society: the museum and the cemetery. Using empirical evidence from two research projects, the paper considers similarities and differences between the two sites, which are further explored through theoretical ideas about the social life of things and the agency of absence. Examining the materiality of these spaces, the paper addresses the role of objects in these two spaces and their respective associations with death, either through the dead themselves or the representation of those who have once lived. In particular, it explores the ‘presence of absence’ through three key points: its spatiality, its materiality, and its agency. Museums and cemeteries are, in this sense, directly comparable, as both spaces are shaped by and built upon the practice of making the absent present. Called ‘heterotopic’ by Foucault (1986) in that they are layered with multiple meanings, this paper will also argue for an understanding of museums and cemeteries as being able to transcend absence. Underpinning this is the belief that there remains much scope for future connections to be made between these two sites, theoretically, politically and practically.

Similarities and Differences Across Cultures: Questions to Inform a Third Generation for Health Promotion Research

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 142-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena J. Pasick ◽  
Carol N. D'onofrio ◽  
Regina Otero-Sabogal
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Cultural Tailoring ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Generation

The increasing diversity of American communities raises an important question about the efficiency, appropriateness, and feasibility of tailoring messages and intervention strategies to target groups identified by race and ethnicity. To explore this issue, This article distinguishes race and ethnicity from culture and then discusses four questions: (1) What is the meaning of culture in health promotion? (2) What is the role of culture in understanding health behavior? (3) What is the role of culture in the design of interventions? and (4) What do the relationships of culture to behavior and to intervention mean for cultural tailoring? Based on this analysis, the authors suggest that effective health promotion will tailor interventions by culture as necessary but reach across cultures when possible and appropriate. A framework is presented to assess the need for cultural tailoring, and a new generation of health promotion research is proposed to facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.

Similarities and Differences across Cultures: Questions to Inform a Third Generation for Health Promotion Research

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S142-S161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena J. Pasick ◽  
Carol N. D'Onofrio ◽  
Regina Otero-Sabogal
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Cultural Tailoring ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Generation

The increasing diversity of American communities raises an important question about the efficiency, appropriateness, and feasibility of tailoring messages and intervention strategies to target groups identified by race and ethnicity. To explore this issue, this article distinguishes race and ethnicity from culture and then discusses four questions: (1) What is the meaning of culture in health promotion? (2) What is the role of culture in understanding health behavior? (3) What is the role of culture in the design of interventions? and (4) What do the relationships of culture to behavior and to intervention mean for cultural tailoring? Based on this analysis, the authors suggest that effective health promotion will tailor interventions by culture as necessary but reach across cultures when possible and appropriate. A framework is presented to assess the need for cultural tailoring, and a new generation of health promotion research is proposed to facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Culture-Entrepreneurship Fit Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-120
Author(s):  
Saurav Pathak ◽  
Etayankara Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Comparative Entrepreneurship

Values are at the core of cultures, and this view has also dominated research on cross-cultural comparative entrepreneurship. However, empirical evidence relating cultural values and entrepreneurial behaviors has been mixed. Scholars have therefore suggested that cultural values may influence entrepreneurship only indirectly, thereby suggesting the existence of intermediary mechanisms linking cultural values and entrepreneurship. One such mechanism could be through the influence of culture-specific emotional intelligence (CSEI) on entrepreneurial behaviors. CSEI can be explained as culturally driven implicit beliefs rather than it being a direct manifestation of overarching cultural values, several manifestations of which shape entrepreneurial behaviors differently across countries. As such, CSEI has a unique position in the culture-entrepreneurship fit perspective.

Accelerated CREP - RRR: Turri, Buckwalter, & Blouw (2015)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeden Forrester Hall ◽  
Jordan Rose Wagge ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl ◽  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Evie Vergauwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Gettier Cases ◽  
Robust Estimate ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences

According to the Justified True Belief (JTB) account of knowledge, a person’s ability to know something is defined by having a belief that is both justified and true (i.e., knowledge is justified true belief). However, this account fails to consider the role of luck. In 1963, Gettier argued that JTB is insufficient because it does not account for certain situations, called Gettier cases, wherein a person is justified for believing something true but only because of luck. It is unclear whether lay people’s intuitions about knowledge lead them to agree with Gettier, such that lay people believe that individuals in these cases lack knowledge (referred to as Gettier intuitions). We attempt to provide a robust estimate of the Gettier intuition effect size by replicating Turri and colleagues’ (2015) Experiment 1. The Collaborative Replications and Education Project (CREP) selected this study for replication based on its undergraduate appeal, feasibility, and pedagogical value. However, in light of some inconsistent results, suboptimal designs, and inconsistent evidence for cultural variation (e.g., Machery et al., 2015; Nagel, et al., 2013; Seyedsayamdost et al., 2015; Starman & Friedman, 2012; Weinberg et al., 2001), the improved methodology of Turri et al. (2015) make it an important study to replicate cross-culturally. Therefore, we propose a multisite collaborative preregistered replication of Turri and colleague's (2015) Experiment 1 (35 labs from 14 countries across 4 continents signed up at time of submission; expected minimum N = 1,500). Results of this study are expected to provide a clearer picture of the Gettier intuition effect size, lay people’s theory and practice of knowledge, and potentially cross-cultural similarities and differences. Preprint: [X] Pre-registered protocols: [X]

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