Antecedents and Appraisals of Triumph across Four Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110081
Author(s):  
Hyisung C. Hwang ◽  
David Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroshi Yamada ◽  
Aleksandra Kostic ◽  
Juliana Granskaya
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Discrete Emotion ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The U.S

This study examined cross-cultural similarities and differences in antecedents and appraisals of triumph. Participants in the U.S., Serbia, Russia, and Japan provided open-ended descriptions of previous antecedent events that elicited experiences of triumph, and completed a standard appraisal questionnaire about those events. Events that elicited pride were also included for comparison. The open-ended responses were coded using a framework that delineated theoretical characteristics of triumph based on previous research. Findings indicated cross-cultural similarities in the antecedents and appraisals of triumph-eliciting events. Cultural variations were also found, especially between Japan and the other cultural groups and with regard to self-evaluations, which suggested the role of culture in triggering and appraising emotion-eliciting events. These findings extended empirical evidence about these important components of triumph, further contributing to its possibility as a discrete emotion.

scholarly journals Emotion Universals: The Foundation from which Cultural Variability of Emotion Emerges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunalan Manokara ◽  
Disa Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
Similarities And Differences

In this chapter, we argue that the question of whether emotions are universal or not must consider different components of emotions separately, and should recognise the possibility that the answers may not be consistent across components. Put differently, the degree to which cross-cultural similarities and differences are observed may depend on which component of that emotion is being examined (e.g., Levenson et al., 2007). We build on this notion and propose that universality for different components of emotions can be most usefully understood within a framework that differentiates between different degrees of universality. Applying the hierarchical framework of universals by Norenzayan and Heine (2005), we discuss typical sets of findings for two components of emotion: emotional experience and emotional expressions. By providing a common set of criteria against which to evaluate the empirical evidence, we hope that this approach may facilitate communication between scholars who hold differing perspectives on the role of culture on human emotion.

Show your teeth or not: The role of the mouth and eyes in smiles and its cross-cultural variations

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Yue Ge ◽  
Wen-Bo Luo ◽  
Yue-Jia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variations

AbstractPrevious studies with Westerners have found that both the mouth and eyes are crucial in identifying and interpreting smiles. We proposed that Easterners (e.g., Chinese and Japanese) evaluate the role of the mouth and eyes in smiles differently from Westerners. Individuals in collectivistic Eastern society heavily rely on information from the eyes to identify and interpret the meaning of smiles.

scholarly journals Contradictions in Counter-Intuitive Beliefs and Naïve Dialecticism

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Samson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cognitive Anthropology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractIn an article aimed at complementing Boyer and Sperber's (relatively structural) views of counter-intuitive concepts and their robustness in the religious domain, Franks (2003) has recently drawn attention to the fact that the tolerance of such conflict or contradiction appears to be less domain-specific in some cultures, such as those found in East Asia. This paper follows up on this important point by highlighting the similarities and differences of the tolerance for contradictions evident in East Asian 'naïve dialecticism' and nonnatural religious representations. It is argued that, despite their dissimilarity with respect to the content represented, both types of tolerances may be structurally similar. Both could also be anchored in intuition, albeit in qualitatively different ways. Given the general tolerance of psychological contradiction among persons of East Asian cultures and the potential role of religion, the question whether there is a place for the study of 'tolerance of contradiction' in cross-cultural psychology and cognitive anthropology is raised.

scholarly journals Religion, Social Connectedness, and Xenophobic Responses to Ebola

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxie Chuang ◽  
Kimin Eom ◽  
Heejung S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
The U.S

This study examined the role of religion in xenophobic responses to the threat of Ebola. Religious communities often offer members strong social ties and social support, which may help members cope with psychological and physical threat, including global threats like Ebola. Our analysis of a nationally representative sample in the U.S. (N = 1,000) found that overall, the more vulnerable to Ebola people felt, the more they exhibited xenophobic responses, but this relationship was moderated by importance of religion. Those who perceived religion as more important in their lives exhibited weaker xenophobic reactions than those who perceived religion as less important. Furthermore, social connectedness measured by collectivism explained the moderating role of religion, suggesting that higher collectivism associated with religion served as a psychological buffer. Religious people showed attenuated threat responses because they had a stronger social system that may offer resources for its members to cope with psychological and physical threats. The current research highlights that different cultural groups react to increased threats in divergent ways.

Institutional Change, Industrial Transitions, and Regime Resistance Politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Policy Reform ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Structure ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
The U.S

The chapter focuses on the processes of industrial change in relationship to social movements. It builds on two literatures, one on institutional logics and the other on industrial transitions, and shows similarities and differences between the two literatures. It then examines the problem of resistance from industrial regime organizations or incumbent. Empirical material is based on the case of regime resistance to energy transition policies in the U.S., where the incumbent organizations have closed down the political opportunity structure for policy reform. It then draws on research that discusses three strategies that industrial transition coalitions can use to overcome regime resistance: countervailing industrial power (finding allies in neighboring industries), ideological judo (using regime ideology and frames to advance transition policies), and dual-use design (building coalitions by redefining energy transition policies in terms of a different institutional logic).

scholarly journals Street-connectedness and education in Kenya: Experiences of formal schooling as rationale for inclusive pedagogies of practice

Prospects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Su Lyn Corcoran ◽  
Lillian Aoko Awimbo ◽  
Kelvin Mugwanga ◽  
Irene Atieno Aluoch
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on street-connectedness and inclusive education, presenting original research findings from two Kenyan studies. Both studies aim to understand street-connected young people’s experiences of education. The first focused on transitioning from the street into education or training, to explore the challenges of making that transition. The second focused on young people who had lived on the street for extended periods of time and were still there at the time of data generation. Both studies generated significant insight into (a) education as motivating initial migrations to the street, (b) the role of fear, embarrassment, and shame in preventing young people from going (back) into formal education, and (c) how acceptance and support are key to overcoming feelings of not belonging and other challenges when transitioning from the street into school. The article provides empirical evidence that should be considered when planning inclusive education provision for street-connected young people globally.

Cultural Variations in the Curse of Knowledge: the Curse of Knowledge Bias in Children from a Nomadic Pastoralist Culture in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 366-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siba Ghrear ◽  
Maciej Chudek ◽  
Klint Fung ◽  
Sarah Mathew ◽  
Susan A. J. Birch
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralist ◽  
Curse Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Bias

AbstractWe examined the universality of the curse of knowledge (i.e., the tendency to be biased by one’s knowledge when inferring other perspectives) by investigating it in a unique cross-cultural sample; a nomadic Nilo-Saharan pastoralist society in East Africa, the Turkana. Forty Turkana children were asked eight factual questions and asked to predict how widely-known those facts were among their peers. To test the effect of their knowledge, we taught children the answers to half of the questions, while the other half were unknown. Based on findings suggesting the bias’s universality, we predicted that children would estimate that more of their peers would know the answers to the questions that were taught versus the unknown questions. We also predicted that with age children would become less biased by their knowledge. In contrast, we found that only Turkana males were biased by their knowledge when inferring their peers’ perspectives, and the bias did not change with age. We discuss the implications of these findings.

The role of style in the ethnolect: Style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second-generation speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Gnevsheva
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Style Shifting ◽  
Australian English ◽  
First And Second Generation

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The paper aimed to investigate style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second- generation bilingual migrants. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three groups of speakers (first- and second-generation Russian–English bilinguals as well as monolingual Anglo Australians) were audio-recorded in three different styles (conversation, interview, and reading). Data and Analysis: Their production of the goose and trap vowels across the styles was analyzed quantitatively. Findings/Conclusions: Overall differences were found between the groups such that first- and second-generation speakers produced more Russian-like vowels compared to the monolinguals; with the biggest differences between the first-generation speakers and the other two groups. In terms of style-shifting, no significant differences were found in the monolingual speakers, and both first- and second-generation speakers were found to produce most Australian English-like vowels in the conversation style. At the same time, certain differences between the two bilingual groups surfaced, such as no significant differences in the first-generation speakers’ production of the goose vowel and in the vowels’ linguistic conditioning. Originality: Previous studies have compared ethnolects in the first- and second-generations of migrants and mainstream varieties in order to theorize ethnolect formation. Several studies have also investigated intraspeaker style-shifting between more ‘mainstream’ and more ‘ethnic’ in ethnolect speakers, but such style-shifting is rarely compared across generations. Significance/Implications: The similarities and differences between the two bilingual groups suggest that ethnolectal features may be originally derived from the community language but may be reallocated to other sociolinguistic meanings in the second generation.

scholarly journals Financialisation and the coupon pool

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Froud ◽  
Sukhdev Johal ◽  
Karel Williams
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Generic Term

This article aims to extend our understanding of the role of capital markets in present day capitalism. It starts from a critical examination of established terms, shareholder value, corporate governance and financialisation, before suggesting a new generic term, coupon pool capitalism. The second half aims to demonstrate that, unlike the other terms, the coupon pool concept distinctively emphasises the generation of contradictions and instabilities. Empirical evidence is used to support the concept and explore dynamics.

The developmental role of experience-based metacognition for cultural diversity in executive function, motivation, and mindreading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Chasiotis
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Developmental Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

How children obtain an understanding of mental states in others—“mindreading” or “theory of mind” (ToM)—during their cognitive development is a major concern in developmental psychology. There is also much debate about and empirical research on the developmental relationship between ToM and the set of processes that monitor and control thoughts and actions, i.e., executive functioning (EF). Until recently, little was known about the cross-cultural variation of both concepts. This chapter presents empirical findings on these concepts and takes a metacognitive perspective to clarify their relationship. A series of cross-cultural studies have been undertaken to specify the relationship between EF and ToM by verifying assumptions about the quality of conflict inhibition necessary for the development of ToM’s key aspect, false-belief understanding. The main argument is that an experience-based view of the metacognitive mechanisms involved might give a more parsimonious explanation of their relationship and their cultural variations.

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