scholarly journals THE GENETIC CONDITIONALITY OF THE ECONOMICALLY USEFUL TRAITS OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
A. L. Shuliar ◽  
A. L. Shuliar ◽  
S. P. Omelkovych ◽  
V. P. Tkachuk ◽  
V. F. Andriichuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Dairy Breed

The intensification of dairy cattle selection determines the need of the systematic evaluation of animals in herds and populations on the main economically useful traits. They have an integrated origin and are controlled by significant groups of factors (genetic, physiological, technological and environmental). In dairy herds, the influence of such genetic factors as belonging to the breed and intrabreed types, the conditional blood share of improving breeds, the linear belonging, the family belonging, the origin by father is realized in the phenotypic performance of economically useful traits of animals with the simultaneous significant influence of environmental conditions. Among the hereditary factors, that determine the level of intergroup differentiation by the main selected traits, are significant the origin by father and the linear belonging. In addition, the world gene pool of the Holstein breed has an impact on the heredity of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which requires constant monitoring of breeding groups of animals in different herds. Based on this, the aim of our research was to study the genetic conditionality of the economically useful traits of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, that is, the study of the influence of such genetic factors as the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, the origin by father and the linear belonging on these traits. The research was conducted in the herd of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky» Popilnia district Zhytomyr oblast during 2015–2019. The study was carried out on the materials of the breeding and productive use of 766 first-calf cows and 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for their disposal were determined according to veterinary disposal acts. The statistical data processing was done using the method of variational statistics. The power of influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of economically useful traits of the cows was determined by One-Way-ANOVA. The results of the study of the influence of genetic factors on the economically useful traits of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed are presented. It was found that the power of the influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of live weight, measurements and indices of body constitution was 0.4–17.6%; indicators of milk productivity of cows – 0.3–20.8%; morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder – 0.5–21.9%; parameters of reproductive capacity – 2.3–9.3% and lifetime use – 0.1–12.6% (P < 0.05–0.001). The factors of the origin by father and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had a more significant effect on mass-and-metric parameters and indices of body constitution, and the influence of the linear belonging on these indicators was the smallest. Among the studied genetic factors the origin by father had significant effect on the milk productivity and morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder, while the smallest influence of the linear belonging was on the indicators of milk productivity, and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had the smallest effect on the characteristics of the udder. Regarding the indicators of reproduction and lifetime use of cows, the effect of the studied genetic factors on them was distributed without any trends. The prospect of further research is to study the influence of paratypic factors on economically useful traits of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky».

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals GENETIC FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vechorka ◽  
L. M. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Line P ◽  
Dairy Breed

The purpose of research was to study the influence of genetic factors (belonging to the line and conditional blood on the improvement breed) on the formation of milk productivity of cows in Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the basic pedigree herds (“Mayak” of Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region and LLC “Vladana” of Sumy district in the Sumy region) in the conditions of the central and northeastern region of Ukraine at the present stage of breeding. The level of indicators of dairy productivity of cows in the controlled herds of two breeding farms of breed which was created according to the classical scheme of reproductive crossbreeding, testified to excellent results of the breed formation. The milk yield of cows during the evaluation of seven lactations changed to third, and after the fourth, the number of animals in both households slightly decreased. For the best lactation, he equaled 6548 kg from cows of the farm "Mayak", and 7326 kg from cows of "Vladana" farm. With regard to the content of fat in milk, a very important breeding indicator – its quality, it varied within 0,78–3,86% in cows of herds of the farm "Mayak" and 3,75–3,99% – in cows herds of the economy "Vladana". However, the best possible characterization of the genetic potential of dairy animals was milk yield for the best lactation, which was determined in controlled herds of farms "Mayak" and "Vladana", respectively – 8276 and 8779 kg of milk. According to the results of research, differentiation of indicators characterizing the milk yield of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breeds undeniably testified to the hereditary effect of genealogical formations on their variability. In the herd of "Mayak" farm, the best were lines of Inhance 343514 and Valiant 1650414 and the genealogical line – Starbuck 352790 were found to be the best. The reliable difference of filial dgeneration of the above mentioned lines for milk yield of the first (654–1598 kg; P < 0.001) and the best (1238–2062 kg; P < 0.001) of lactation in comparison with the progeny of lines Eleveishn, Mett and P. F. A. Chif testified about their hereditary influence on the development of this trait. Sufficiently well characterized performance indicators in the herd "Vladana" most numerous offspring of bull-sires line P. F. A. Chif with a yield for the first and best lactation respectively – 6580 and 7886 kg of milk. Their difference by this indicator at the age of the first lactation was significant in comparison with offspring of Eleveishn line (1537 kg; P < 0.001), R. Sovrin (1430 kg; P < 0.001) and Starbuck (509 kg; P < 0.001). According to the higher lactation, offspring of the sires of line P. F. A. Chif dominated on cows of remaining lines with a very high difference of 905 kg (P < 0.001; Hanover line) to 1164 kg (P < 0.001; R. Sovrein's line). When studying the effect of conditional inheritance Holstein dairy efficiency it found that the best highest milk yield according to the first lactation were both controlled by the crossbred animal herds with a high proportion of Holstein blood, whereas in low-blooded animal milk yield was significantly less. The difference in favor of animals with Holstein heredity 87.6–100% in comparison with all groups of cows with lower blood in the herd "Mayak" was according to the first lactation from 263 kg (P < 0.01; 75.1–87.5% ) to 1765 kg (P < 0.001, 50.1–62.5%). In the herd "Vladana", high-blood animals by Holstein breed (87.6–100%) dominated on the rest group of crossbred cows for milk yield in the first lactation 704–2429 kg with high reliability (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Created Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed at the present stage of breeding consolidation has been characterized by excellent results on the basis of milk productivity, regardless of the region of its use, which depending on the successful selection of genealogical formations. Structuring of the breed into differentiated genealogical and stud lines was a prerequisite for further effective intrabreed breeding. According to the research of two leading breeding flocks found a significant impact on conventional blood by the improvement breed formation on milk production of cows, including best performance obtained by absorbing crossing.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF HEIFERS AND FIRST-CALF COWS UKRAINIAN RED AND BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Introduction. The significant and long-term increasing of milk yield is possible only with proper organization of heifer breeding. Therefore, now is important to study the ontogenetic patterns of living mass formation. It is known, that between the growth rate of heifers and their future milk productivity exists correlation. The young age’s animals, which have a high growth energy, in the first lactation give 5000–6000 kg of milk. The force of influence of the live weight the heifers on variability of milk productivity, in depending on the age and lactation, is concluded 8.21–42.87%. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of live weight, reproductive capacity and the level of their interconnection of heifers and first-born cows of Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on first-born, heifers of Ukrainian Red (UR) and Black-and-White dairy breeds (UBS) in SE «SH «Elitne» ISА NAAS». Groups of animals (n = 15) were formed for research by the method of analog pairs. Growth indicators were studied: live weight at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old age, at the first insemination. Reproductive ability was studied: age of the first insemination and calving, duration of pregnancy of heifers and first-born, duration of service and intercorporeal periods. Along with the main studied indicators, auxiliary indicators were calculated: reproductive capacity, fertility index and possible yield of calves per 100 cows. The biometric processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky, using Microsoft Excel software. Research results. The studies of ontogenetic patterns in formation the live weight of repair heifers in controlled herds demonstrated a fairly high level of their cultivation. However, it was found that the growth rate of live weight of heifers in the studied breeds at different ages was different. Thus, at the age of six months, the animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The interbreed difference in this period by live weight was 5.0 ± 1.70 kg (P < 0.01). At 9, 12, and 15 months their weight gaining was 15.0 ± 3.42 kg, respectively; 26.0 ± 4.08 kg; and 29.0 ± 6.48 kg, at P < 0.001. In general, during the growing period, the absolute increasing in live weight of UBS heifers by 7.0% exceeded that of UR heifers. At the same time, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were more precocious and had the age of the first insemination, which was 14.5 months at a live weight of 400 kg, while the peers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed were 15.4 months and 402 kg. Characterizing the coefficient of variation of live weight of heifers, we should note the tendency to decrease with age in both breeds. Thus, the level in the for Ukrainian Red reached 11.6% in three months, for Ukrainian Black-and-White – 15.0%, at the age of 15 months respectively 8.9% and 8.4%. It was established the significant coefficients of recurrence of live weight of heifers during the year with such at 9, 12 and 15 months of age with high degrees of probability. This indicates the possibility of effective early selection. The studies of the reproductive capacity of heifers and first-born demonstrated, that the age of first insemination and calving were significantly lower in heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The difference was 26.0 ± 9.8 days (td = 2.65, at P < 0.05) and 22.0 ± 9.5 days (td = 2.31, at P < 0.05), respectively. However, in terms of duration of pregnancy and service period of first-born cows, Ukrainian Red animals had positively lower values in compare to the analogues of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which provided a higher reproductive capacity at the level of (0.90 vs. 0.88) and estimated possibility yield of calves per 100 cows (90.3 vs. 87.7 heads). However, the fertility index for both breeds was at the same level 48.7–48.8. The interconnection of live weight of animals at different ages with the indicators of reproductive capacity was mostly the opposite in direction at an unreliable level in most cases. However, both breeds show a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months of age and fertility index, between live weight at 1st insemination and age of 1st insemination, and between live weight at 1st insemination and coefficient of reproducibility Conclusions. It was found, that at different ages the heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly (p < 0.01) outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed, and the coefficient of variation with age on this basis decreased for both breeds. The coefficients of recurrence of live weight of the studied heifers, which are quite significant at high degrees of probability, were revealed, which indicates the possibility of effective early selection. Thus, the live weight of Ukrainian Black-and-White heifers at 9, 12 and 15 months of age can be reliably predicted by its size at the age of three months after birth - heifers of Ukrainian Red dairy breed a little later. There was a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months age and fertility index, between live weight at the first insemination and age of the first insemination and between live weight at the first insemination and кcoefficient of reproducibility.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENETIC FACTORS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
Yu. F. Melnik ◽  
О. D. Biriukova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed

The study was conducted on the materials of primary breeding records in the herd of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of the State Enterprise of the State Enterprise experienced farm “Khristinovske” of the Institute of animal breeding and genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science. The calculations were performed by the methods of mathematical statistics by means of software package "STATISTICA-12,0" on the PC. Observed matrix of observations in the format “*.sta”, which contains data on 448 variables of 1540 cows Breeding work has provided a gradual increase in dairy productivity of the herd. The average hope for the 305 days of lactation of the firstborn herds in the last 18 years ranged from 2571 kg in 1999 calving to 7106 kg in 2015 year. The fat content of milk ranged from 3.34% (2000 year) to 4.02% (2013 year). In general, the curvilinear increase in milk yields of the firstborn in the analyzed years reaches more than 4500 kg or almost 2.8 times. The biological regularity of increase of dairy productivity of cows with age is realized. The experimental animals that were calved during the control period are the daughters of 31 boogies, belonging mainly to 12 lines and related groups and related to two (Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy and Holstein) breeds. The deterioration of the firstborn's yield in the studied herd was the Holstein breed Ingibitor EТ Red 402151, Jupy Red TV TL 114386090 and the sire of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed May 5573. Firstborns demonstrate the realization of the genetic potential of the breed, however, with age, the influence of environmental factors leads to the elimination of intergenerational differences in productivity. In mature age cows, this advantage is offset. No qualitative milk indicators of probable unidirectional patterns of intergroup differentiation of cows of different breeds and conditional blood were found. Belonging to a lineage or kinship group has a relatively low but significant effect on the phenotypic variability of milk yield and protein content of firstborn milk. By protein content, the influence of the specified genetic factor prolongs (even doubles) to the second lactation. The effect of linear affiliation on the live weight of heifers and cows after the first two calves, the age of the first calving and the length of time between the first two calves were statistically significant. A statistically significant influence of linear affiliation (on average 8.3%) and paternal ancestry (13.1%) on the variability of individual signs of live weight, dairy productivity and reproductive capacity of cows was established. The influence of the father in the herd under study is 1.58 times more significant than the linear membership of the animals. Revealed a significant level of differentiation of cow groups of different lines, related groups, and half-sisters by paternal father for the first lactation. For the firstborn, there was a tendency for curvilinear productivity increase with an increase in the conditional share of heredity in the Holstein breed. In the interspecific comparison, a statistically significant excess of the Holstein milk yields over such cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed (404 ± 158.0 kg, td = 2.57, P < 0.02) was established, which is leveled by the third lactation. A significant level of differentiation of groups of cows of different lines, related groups and half-sisters by father for milk yield for the first lactation was revealed. Combining estimates of enhancing effect and phenotypic consolidation, the most desirable for further use in the herd are the prepotent enhancers Tumpy EТ Red Tl 112367468 and Michel Red 402213, and the most undesirable are the pretentious tadpill Inhibitor EТ Red 403860 and Jupy Red TV TL 114386090.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF ECONOMIC UTILITIES OF DAIRY CATCH DEPENDING ON ORIGIN OF THE FATHER, LINE AND RELATED GROUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Bazyshina
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bay Window ◽  
Related Group ◽  
The Difference

Material and methods of research. The study was carried out based on the materials of the primary pedigree registration in the herd of the leading breeding plants for breeding Ukrainian red and black-and-white dairy breeds of cattle, OOO "Agrofirma "Svitanok" in the Donetsk region. The number of the firstborns we analyzed amounted to 515. In general, the matrix of observations was compiled containing information on 1271 animals for 448 variables (signs). Results. In order to assess the effectiveness of the use of these selection groups in the herd, a comparative analysis of group averages for the main breeding characteristics was carried out. The significant difference in the number of bulls used in the herd of the bull breeding farm was taken into account, taking into account the characteristics of the daughters. Through the age of the first calving, the difference between the best and worst groups of half-sisters reached 159 ± 0.1 days or 20.3% (P <0.001), the reproductive capacity - 0,109 ± 0,017 or 11,3% (P <0,001), I milk for 305 days of the first lactation - 1616 ± 169.2 kg or 24.8% (P <0.001), the second - 1229 ± 57.2 kg or 18, 0% (P <0.001), the third - 1899 ± 426, 8 kg or 27.9% (P <0.001). On the content of fat in milk, the intergroup difference reached 0.41 ± 0.039% (P <0.001) of the first, 0.18 ± 0.053% (P <0.001) - for the second and 0.09 ± 0.020% (P <0.05) - (P <0.001), 0.11 ± 0.050% (P <0.001), and 0.11 ± 0.039% (P <0.1), respectively. The most abundant is Offspring used in recent years by the bulls Jupiter 27640964506 (64 daughters), Campino 112825601 (84 daughters) and Kadisko 579904182 (65 daughters). It is noteworthy that in comparison with the above the milk production for 305 days of the first lactation was in the daughters of the bulls Erik 348025783 (6508 ± 259.7 kg) and Jansker 345199616 (6497 ± 184.6 kg). The daughters of the bull S.S.Khoma 399264 KKG-1314 (4.06 ± 0.050%) differed in the high fat content of milk with comparatively low milk yields. Analysis of the exteriors of cows of daughters of different bulls attests to a certain degree of intergroup differentiation in these characters of the cows in question. The largest and tallest are the daughters of the bulls of the Holstein breed and the golshtinized type. According to some measurements, cows of golshtinized type do not even achieve standards for cows of fatty type, which are much lower. The daughters of the bull of the Holstein breed Erica 248025783, being large and tall among the cows of the groups under analysis, satisfied the standard Southern intra-pore type of the Ukrainian black-ripened milk breed only by measuring the breadth of the chest (42.5 ± 0.75 cm). The daughters of the bulls SSHouma 399264 KKG-1314 and Dragomir 113021400 almost satisfied the standard of the gholshtinized type of the Ukrainian red dairy breed only in the area of ​​the pastern (18.6 ± 0.17 and 18.5 ± 0.13 cm). Intergroup differentiation of half-sisters after the father, in many cases proved to be significant and highly reliable. Bulls that were used in the herd belong to the lines and related groups of Ukrainian red and black-and-white dairy breeds with the numerical advantage of breeding groups of golshtinized type. Among the compared groups, the largest number of daughters were the producers of the Validian 1650414 group (166 head), Starbuck 352790 (114 goals), Chifa 1427381 (92 votes) and Kevelye 1620273 (83 votes). The highest milk productivity for the first and subsequent lactation with uniform growth was found in the cows of related groups of Holstein-type Maple 1430145, Olivishna 1491007, Starbak 352790 and Kevelie 1620273. The cows of the related groups Eliveyshna 1491007 and Kevelie 1620273 are the fastest-growing among the cows of the registered lines and related groups. Low among the cows of the registered lines and related groups, the cows of the fat-milk type of the related group by bay window 17021 differed in milk productivity. Conclusion. The phenotypic variability of the selected economically useful traits of herd cows is largely determined by the influence of genetic factors, which makes it possible to expect a very significant effectiveness and efficiency of breeding in the herd. The origin of the father results in 7-61%, and belonging to the line or related group of 3-51% of the total phenotypic variability of the characteristics considered.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND FERTILITY OF HEIFERS UNDER DIFFERENT SCHEMES WATERING OF WHOLE MILK

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
G. S. Sharapa ◽  
O. V. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Average Fertility

The purpose of the research was to study the effects of feeding different amounts of whole milk and the feeding of high quality feed on the development of heifers and their reproductive capacity and productivity of cows. The research was carried out at farm property "Chayka" (branch "Lisne" and "Chemer") on heifers of the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed and "Shupiki" and "Agrarian Investment Union" (AIU) on the heifers of the Ukrainian red-and-white milk breed. Three schemes were used for drawing whole milk to calves. In the "Lisne" pumped 260 kg of milk for 65 days; "Chemer" – 310 kg for 45 days; "Shupiki" and "AIU" – 360 kg for 90 days. When conducting experiments, it was found that the average live weight of calves in 3 months. The age was 100,97 + 0,893 kg; in 6 months – 166.17 + 1,794 kg; in 9 months – 239.23 + 2.831 kg, in 12 months – 308,60 + 3,648 kg in 15 months – 371,50 + 5,008 kg. There was no special difference in the live weight of calves, drinking 310 and 360 kg of milk. Average daily gain of heifers were, in the main, within 660-895 g. in 3 months. The age of somewhat higher was the live weight of calves, who drank a large amount of whole milk. Through a clinical examination of calves and weighing, it was found that, on average, up to 80 kg live weight had 5.2% calves, from 81 to 100 kg 43.5%, and more than 100 kg – 51.3%. At the age of 3 months. A greater number of calves (52.8–69.1%) had a live weight of over 100 kg, and lagged in growth from 2.4 to 9.8%. More lag (9.2%) was in the group of calves, drinking 260 kg of milk (P > 0.999). In the experiments, the development and productivity of the daughters of the separate bulls of the Holstein breed of red-and-white suit was studied. Somewhat larger live weight had a heifer under the nickname "Lukka" at birth (39.2 kg) and within 3–15 months. Dairy productivity was higher among the daughters of the bug "Kantsler" (for 305 days of the first lactation 7438.7 kg). The duration of the service period on average was 142.7 days. On the chickens of 2014–2015 births at the state enterprise "Chemer" (Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed) and "Shupiki" (Ukrainian red-and-white milk breed) found that puberty occurs in 24–30% calves at the age of 9–10 months. Among the 700 goals. Stewed heifers were detected 6.4% with abnormalities of genital organs. In the study of fertilization of well-developed heifers 13–16 months. Age (459 with a live weight of 365–380 kg), it was found that the average fertility from the first insemination was 73.6%. It was better to have younger heifers (83–89%) with high live weight for fertilization. Total from 13 to 16 months. 84.3% of heifers were impregnated with age, and the rest were later. In the experiments, the milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed (512 lactas) and Ukrainian red-and-white milk breeds (406 lactations) was analyzed. Indicators indicate satisfactory milk productivity of cows for the first two lactations (over 7.5 thousand kg) under different schemes for giving to calves of milk. Conclusions: Feeding calves from 260 to 360 kg of whole milk and feeding the premature feed or full-grain granules provides their normal development in 90,2–97,6% of calves with daily increments of 660–895 g. The heifers which drank 310–360 kg milk smaller increments were observed in some calves of all groups after the milking period (from three to six months). The average fertility index of heifers from the first insemination is 73.6%. The best results are observed in heifers 13-15 months. Age for live weight 365–380 kg. The conditions of growing and feeding the experimental heifers in the milk and after-milk periods provide a relatively satisfactory milk yield (on average more than 7.5 thousand kg) of cows.

INFLUENCE OF LIVE WEIGHT IN CULTIVATION ON THE DURATION OF PRODUCTIVE USE OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT BLOODLINE ON THE HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Danets ◽  
I. V. Tkachova ◽  
V. P. Shablia
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Complex Integral ◽  
The Cost ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Integral Feature ◽  
A Share

The duration of productive use is a complex integral feature and is determined by both genetic and paratypical factors. This feature should ensure maximum milk productivity of animals, economic efficiency of dairy farms and generally limit the cost of raising and keeping cows. Research conducted in the experimental farms of state enterprises "Kutuzovka", Kharkov district of Kharkov region using cow’s Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (4038 cows). We studied the duration of productive use of cows divided into gradations according to the conditional bloodline for the Holstein breed, depending on the weight in the control age periods of cultivation (at birth, at 6, 12 and 18 months). The maximum value of the duration of productive use was recorded in the group of cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% inclusive (the average duration of productive use is 2.77 lactations). The highest indicator of the duration of productive use of the studied animals was 4.09 lactations. Among cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% longer produced those born with a weight of more than 40 kg (4.09 lactations), at 6 months of age weighed 100-149 kg, at 12 months – 200-249 kg, at 18 months of age – 350-399 kg. Among animals with a share of bloodline of 31-60 %, those that had a weight at the age of 6 months produced the longest: 155-190 kg (3.17 lactations), at 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.98 lactations), at 18 months – 350-399 kg (3.06 lactations). In the most numerous gradation with the share of bloodline for the Holstein breed 61-90 %, the longest productive use was characterized by animals born with a weight of 30-39 kg (2.12 lactation), at 6 months of age they weighed more than 200 kg (3.29 lactation), at 12 months-300-349 kg (3.40 lactation), at 18 months – 400-449 kg (2.82 lactation). The average duration of productive use of cows of this grade is quite low – in the range of 2.82-3.29 lactations. The highest degree of influence on the duration of productive use in this gradation of animals was recorded by the live weight factor at 6 months of age (η2 = 10.8). Сcomparative assessment of the cows gradation with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed of 91 % or more found that the longest productive use was characterized by cows that had a live weight at birth of 30-39 kg (1.93 lactation), in 6 months – 155-199 kg (2.73 lactation), in 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.87 lactation) and in 18 months – 350-399 kg (2.62 lactation). The degree of influence of live weight at this age on the duration of productive use of cows is insignificant, except for live weight at 6 months of age (η2 = 11.8).

scholarly journals Relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of milk productivity of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar ◽  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Relative Variability

The research was conducted on cattle of Black-and-White breed (Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed) at LLC “Veleten” Glukhiv district of Sumy region (n = 1956) and PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy” of Kamyansko-Dniprovsk district of Zaporizhzhia region (n = 1981). Based on retrospective data analysis (“Uniform-Agri” – program of dairy herd management) for the period from 2004 to 2017 it was studied the live weight of cows in growing period (newborns, 6, 12; 18 months, at first insemination and after the first calving), body measurements of heifers (height at shoulders, chest depth, chest width, chest girth behind the shoulder blades, oblique body length, width of hips, wrist girth) and traits of reproducibility (age at first insemination, age at first calving, duration of service period, insemination index, fertility index) and milk productivity of cows (milk yields for 305 days, fat and protein content in milk for the first, second and third lactation). Based on our previously obtained data by correlation analysis method it was studied the relative variability of phenotypic traits and indicators of dairy productivity of cows. It is established that the connections of live weight of cows during their rearing with traits of milk productivity were multidirectional and ranged from slightly improbable to moderately significant values. At the same time, in both farms, the most significant highly probable connection was noted between the live weight of animals at the age of 12 months and the milk yield of first-borns that indicates the possibility of selecting heifers at the specified age to provide them future high milk productivity. There was significant variability of the relationship between body measurements and the amount of milk yield of cows for the first, second and third lactation. However, cows of both farms, had direct connection, but a bit weaker in animals at PJSC “Breeding Plant “Stepnoy”. Positive correlation coefficients between indicators of exterior and milk yields of cows give reasons to claim the efficiency of indirect selection of heifers by body measurements. Rational management of dairy farming and high profits depend a lot on knowledge of regularities of correlative variability of productive traits of cows and indicators of reproductive capacity. It is established that the connections between the traits of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of animals were different and ranged from weak to medium and from reliable to improbable. The most significant highly reliable, however, with negative correlation coefficients were observed between milk yield of cows for all studied lactations and their age at the first insemination and the first calving

scholarly journals Reproductive qualities and milk productivity of black-and-white cows depending on sire lineage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
S. L. Belozertseva ◽  
L. L. Petrukhina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of sire lineage on reproductive qualities and milk yield of cows. The study was carried out inIrkutskregion on a herd of Holsteinized black-andwhite cattle of Pribaikalsky type. The analysis of the main characteristics of reproductive capacity of herd cows on a farm was performed during 2013–2018. The material of the research work was based on the informational database of animals from the program of breeding register Selex. Cows were divided according to sire lineage and milk productivity into five groups by the level of milk yield: from 5000 to6500 kg, 6501-8000, 8001-9500, 9501-11000 and more than11001 kg. Successful insemination of heifers took place at the age of 15.7-16.6 months with the live weight of more than400 kg, which corresponds to zootechnical standards. The earliest (15.7 months) insemination was in heifers of Reflection Sovereign sire line, the age of first calving was 753 days with the live weight of561 kg. The latest (498 days) successful insemination was observed in heifers of Montvik Chieftain bull line with the live weight of498 kg. Cows of Sealing Trygen Rocket (8766 kg) and Reflection Sovereign (8704 kg) sire lines had the highest milk productivity with a significant difference (p ≥ 0.90). The cows of these lines had the longest service period (164 and 179 days), as well as the length of the calving interval (445 and 458 days), respectively. The coefficient of reproductive capacity of cows of different sire lines ranged from 0.80 to 0.88, which is a low indicator.

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