scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT REGULARITIES AND EXTERNAL CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF REPAIR YOUNG CATTLE BROUGHT THROUGH THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbuch ◽  
O. V. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

Goal. To study the influence of interbreeding of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breeds on growth and development and exterior-constitutional features of repair young stock. Methods. Selection-genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. Results. Research and production studies were conducted on the basis of the breeding plant of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the population of purebred animals of the Podolsk factory type of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (UCHRMP) and local animals obtained from crossbreeding bulls of the Swiss breed. According to the results of experimental studies in identical conditions of feeding and keeping young animals of the experimental groups, it was found that the highest live weight, both at birth and in subsequent age periods is characterized by local young animals. However, a significant difference between the groups of 12.9 kg (td = 2.15; P > 0.95) in favor of crossbreeds is observed only at the age of 18 months. When studying the absolute increase in live weight of experimental calves in the three-month dynamics of postnatal ontogenesis, which is an indicator of the intensity of animal growth, the advantage of local animals over purebred peers was also established. The largest significant difference in their favor is observed at the age of 7–9 months (3.1 kg, td = 2.29, P > 0.95). In all other periods of cultivation, the difference is not significant. Comparative characteristics of the degree of stress in the growth of animals, which was determined by the relative increase in live weight in the three-month dynamics showed that the most intensively growing animals of both groups from birth to 3 months of age (168.0–169.3%), then – with increasing age, the growth rate gradually decreases. A significant difference between the experimental groups, according to the above indicators, has not been established. The average daily gains in live weight of animals, for all periods considered, were higher in local animals. On average, from birth to 18 months of age, they were: local heifers 660 g, purebred – 637 g. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young at 18 months of age had the highest height at the withers by 1.2 cm, height in the buttocks – 1.4 and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, respectively, 0.8 and 0.7 cm compared to local young, but inferior to the latter in latitudinal measurements: chest width 1.2 cm, width in macula – 0.9 and width in the buttocks – 1.1 cm. In general, animals of both groups are well developed and have a harmonious physique. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental groups of heifers, aged from birth to 18 months of age, show that local young animals obtained from crossing cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed with bulls of Swiss breed have slightly better performance than peers of purebred animals . However, the difference between the groups is in most cases unlikely. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young for all considered periods, from birth to 18 months of age, have higher indicators in height at the withers, height in the buttocks and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, but inferior to local in latitudinal measurements : chest width, width in macula and width in the buttocks. Thus, it can be argued that when using crossbreeding of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breed, the obtained young animals have slightly higher rates of growth and development, which will further positively affect the size and quality of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and duration use of cows herd.

scholarly journals Reproductive qualities and milk productivity of black-and-white cows depending on sire lineage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
S. L. Belozertseva ◽  
L. L. Petrukhina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of sire lineage on reproductive qualities and milk yield of cows. The study was carried out inIrkutskregion on a herd of Holsteinized black-andwhite cattle of Pribaikalsky type. The analysis of the main characteristics of reproductive capacity of herd cows on a farm was performed during 2013–2018. The material of the research work was based on the informational database of animals from the program of breeding register Selex. Cows were divided according to sire lineage and milk productivity into five groups by the level of milk yield: from 5000 to6500 kg, 6501-8000, 8001-9500, 9501-11000 and more than11001 kg. Successful insemination of heifers took place at the age of 15.7-16.6 months with the live weight of more than400 kg, which corresponds to zootechnical standards. The earliest (15.7 months) insemination was in heifers of Reflection Sovereign sire line, the age of first calving was 753 days with the live weight of561 kg. The latest (498 days) successful insemination was observed in heifers of Montvik Chieftain bull line with the live weight of498 kg. Cows of Sealing Trygen Rocket (8766 kg) and Reflection Sovereign (8704 kg) sire lines had the highest milk productivity with a significant difference (p ≥ 0.90). The cows of these lines had the longest service period (164 and 179 days), as well as the length of the calving interval (445 and 458 days), respectively. The coefficient of reproductive capacity of cows of different sire lines ranged from 0.80 to 0.88, which is a low indicator.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

scholarly journals The influence of the natural-climate zone on the cattle productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S. Voitenko ◽  
O. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

It has been highlighted the data of researches as for the influence of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine on display of economically useful signs of the most numerous cattle in the country like Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was the grounds to assert the efficiency of resources use in those conditions to which they are most adapted and have genetically determined potential. It was found that cowsof lactation breeding herds in the Forest-steppe zone produced 7344 kg of milk, which is 242 kg and 1125 kg more than in the Steppe and Polissya regions due to significant variation of the characteristic within each climatic zone (Cv = 11.6– 27,5%). The Polissya zone, where the animals' yieldwere 5764 kg, while in other climates 6982–6992 kg, does not contribute to the high productivity of the first lactation cows. It is proved that the duration of the service period in cows of three natural and climatic zones of Ukraine varied from 106 days in Polissya to 126 days – Forest-steppe, but it did not agree with the output of calves per 100 cows, which in 81 Polissya amounted to 82 and Forest-steppe – 79. The heifers of the Steppe zone are inseminated with live weight of 391 kg at the age of 477 days, and the Forest-steppe and Polissya with slightly less 385 kg and 387 kg, respectively, at the age of 493 days and 517 days. There is no significant difference in live weight at the ages of 6, 12 and 18 months between heifers of different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, but the degree of development of the trait after 6 months was slightly better in cattle of the Steppe zone. A positive correlation was found between milk yield of first lactation cows of all natural climatic zones and their live weight at 6, 12 and 18 months of age, as well as negative calf age at first insemination (-0.587 ... -0.810) with significant correlation from the cattle of the Steppe zone. A high correlation coefficient (+0.703) was found in cows between live weight of heifers at first insemination and first lactation in the Polissya region. Key words: natural and climatic zones, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, yield, lactation, live weight, reproductive ability indicators, selection traits.

scholarly journals PROTEIN COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL MILK VALUE OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF CAPA-CASEIN (CSN3)

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
I. Polieva ◽  
I. Korkh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The article presents the results of studies of protein composition and nutritional milk value of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows with different genotypes of kappa-casein. It was found that the milk of cows with the BB genotype contained more total protein by 0.41 and 0.28 %, the mass fraction of protein (Pro Total) – by 0.37 and 0.25 %, with a probable advantage over the protein content (casein) – by 0.46 and 0.29 % (p≤0.001) and the total amount of casein and globulin – by 0.39 and 0.27 % (p≤0.001) against analogs with genotypes AA and AB. There are differences in the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of milk. In particular, the difference in mass fractions of lactose and dry matter in milk between cows with the genotype BB and AA and AB was respectively 0.16 % (p≤0.001) and 0.11 % (p≤0.01) and 0.64 % (p≤0.001) and 0.37 % (p≤0.01). No less valuable in terms of mass fraction of dry matter was the milk of cows with genotype AB, in which the growth of this indicator against animals with genotype AA was at the level of 0.28 % with a statistically significant difference between them (p≤0.01). Freezing point and density as marker criteria that characterizing the presence of falsification were practically unchanged and did not exceed the permissible norms and amounted to 0.551–0.553 °С and 1028.04–1028.45 kg/m3. The content of somatic cells in the milk of cows of different genotypes of kappa-casein was within the permissible level according to the state standard, which indicates the absence of mastitis. Cows with genotype AA had an increased level of titrated acidity and concentration of free hydrogen ions (p≤0.01 – p≤0.001) against analogs with genotypes AB and BB. However, in general, the hydrogen pH of the milk of cows of all groups had a weakly acidic environment, the values of which ranged from 6.66 units. pH in cows with genotype BB up to 6.71 units. pH – in animals with genotype AA.

RAISING CALVES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A.N. Bigarina ◽  
◽  
K.H. Shaikenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This article presents the results of research on the growth and development of calves obtained from cows during early insemination. The object of the study was calves from birth to 6 months of age of a black-and-white breed of a dairy farm «Kamyshenka» LLP in the Astrakhan district of the Akmola region. Two experimental groups of calves were formed in a dairy farm. Group I included calves from cows inseminated at 14-15 months of age, and group II included calves from cows inseminated at 16-17 months of age. The following indicators were studied: live weight of calves at birth and at the age of 6 months, average daily, absolute and relative increases in live weight were calculated. At the same time, the exterior profile was studied by measurements from birth to 6 months of age, followed by the calculation of body indices. The live weight of calves at birth in the first experimental group averaged 30.9±0,32 kg, while in the second it was at the level of 29.8±0,44 kg, and at the age of 6 months it was 149.2±2,3 kg and 147.3±2,4± kg, respectively. According to the exterior profile data, there are also better indicators in the first experimental group than in the second, since the oblique length of the trunk was 104.43±0,7 and 102.33±0,9 cm, respectively. The difference in body type indices ranged from 0.58-1.41%, respectively.

scholarly journals Dependence of the production process of rennet semi-solid cheeses on quality indicators of raw milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (92) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
N. V. Bolgova ◽  
S. O. Huba ◽  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
V. V. Tsyhura ◽  
M. M. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Black And White ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dairy Breed

The analysis of literature sources on the question of the relevance of the influence of raw milk and its casein fraction on the production of rennet cheeses is presented in the paper. The studies were conducted to determine the suitability of using milk for the production of rennet milk from raw materials of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-rumped dairy breeds of the state enterprise “Research Institute of Agriculture of the North East of NAAS”. As a result of the studies on the cheesiness of milk samples from the two study groups, we can conclude that, compared to the literature data, the average milk values obtained from cows of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds are confirmed. While analyzing the technological parameters of milk, it should be noted that there is no significant difference between the samples. We should note only that the first sample is inferior to fat by 0.41. This ratio of fat to protein, in turn, affects the yield of the product and its consumption characteristics. The first sample the creation of casein was in 3.2 min. faster , phase of gelforming – for 0.3 min. faster and the clot processing was done requiring 3 min less time. The consumption of milk per 1 kg of cheese in the first sample was lower than 0.4 in the second. It should be noted that the curd grain obtained from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian black-ruby dairy breed had a softer structure, ie it contained more moisture than the grain from the milk of cows of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed. This subsequently affected the mass fraction of moisture in the finished product in the direction of increase and was reflected in the organoleptic evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, members of the tasting committee noted that the consistency, taste and smell of cheese made from milk of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were slightly better. The difference was not significant and was respectively 1 point. It should be noted that the mass fraction of fat in the first sample was 1.3% higher than in the second sample. In this case, we observe a decrease in the mass fraction of moisture in the first sample compared to the second by 1.8%. The difference in terms of mass fraction of salt was not significant and is 0.1%. Considering the results of the presented studies, it should be noted that both samples of cheese of semi-solid cows made of milk of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian black-and-white breeds meet the requirements of state standart 4669:2006 in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological parameters. However, the production of cheese from the milk of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed will reduce the loss of raw materials and produce cheese with better organoleptic characteristics.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF HEIFERS AND FIRST-CALF COWS UKRAINIAN RED AND BLACK-SPOTTED DAIRY BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Introduction. The significant and long-term increasing of milk yield is possible only with proper organization of heifer breeding. Therefore, now is important to study the ontogenetic patterns of living mass formation. It is known, that between the growth rate of heifers and their future milk productivity exists correlation. The young age’s animals, which have a high growth energy, in the first lactation give 5000–6000 kg of milk. The force of influence of the live weight the heifers on variability of milk productivity, in depending on the age and lactation, is concluded 8.21–42.87%. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of live weight, reproductive capacity and the level of their interconnection of heifers and first-born cows of Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on first-born, heifers of Ukrainian Red (UR) and Black-and-White dairy breeds (UBS) in SE «SH «Elitne» ISА NAAS». Groups of animals (n = 15) were formed for research by the method of analog pairs. Growth indicators were studied: live weight at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old age, at the first insemination. Reproductive ability was studied: age of the first insemination and calving, duration of pregnancy of heifers and first-born, duration of service and intercorporeal periods. Along with the main studied indicators, auxiliary indicators were calculated: reproductive capacity, fertility index and possible yield of calves per 100 cows. The biometric processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky, using Microsoft Excel software. Research results. The studies of ontogenetic patterns in formation the live weight of repair heifers in controlled herds demonstrated a fairly high level of their cultivation. However, it was found that the growth rate of live weight of heifers in the studied breeds at different ages was different. Thus, at the age of six months, the animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed. The interbreed difference in this period by live weight was 5.0 ± 1.70 kg (P < 0.01). At 9, 12, and 15 months their weight gaining was 15.0 ± 3.42 kg, respectively; 26.0 ± 4.08 kg; and 29.0 ± 6.48 kg, at P < 0.001. In general, during the growing period, the absolute increasing in live weight of UBS heifers by 7.0% exceeded that of UR heifers. At the same time, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were more precocious and had the age of the first insemination, which was 14.5 months at a live weight of 400 kg, while the peers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed were 15.4 months and 402 kg. Characterizing the coefficient of variation of live weight of heifers, we should note the tendency to decrease with age in both breeds. Thus, the level in the for Ukrainian Red reached 11.6% in three months, for Ukrainian Black-and-White – 15.0%, at the age of 15 months respectively 8.9% and 8.4%. It was established the significant coefficients of recurrence of live weight of heifers during the year with such at 9, 12 and 15 months of age with high degrees of probability. This indicates the possibility of effective early selection. The studies of the reproductive capacity of heifers and first-born demonstrated, that the age of first insemination and calving were significantly lower in heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The difference was 26.0 ± 9.8 days (td = 2.65, at P < 0.05) and 22.0 ± 9.5 days (td = 2.31, at P < 0.05), respectively. However, in terms of duration of pregnancy and service period of first-born cows, Ukrainian Red animals had positively lower values in compare to the analogues of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which provided a higher reproductive capacity at the level of (0.90 vs. 0.88) and estimated possibility yield of calves per 100 cows (90.3 vs. 87.7 heads). However, the fertility index for both breeds was at the same level 48.7–48.8. The interconnection of live weight of animals at different ages with the indicators of reproductive capacity was mostly the opposite in direction at an unreliable level in most cases. However, both breeds show a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months of age and fertility index, between live weight at 1st insemination and age of 1st insemination, and between live weight at 1st insemination and coefficient of reproducibility Conclusions. It was found, that at different ages the heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed significantly (p < 0.01) outnumbered the analogues of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed, and the coefficient of variation with age on this basis decreased for both breeds. The coefficients of recurrence of live weight of the studied heifers, which are quite significant at high degrees of probability, were revealed, which indicates the possibility of effective early selection. Thus, the live weight of Ukrainian Black-and-White heifers at 9, 12 and 15 months of age can be reliably predicted by its size at the age of three months after birth - heifers of Ukrainian Red dairy breed a little later. There was a positive interconnection between live weight at 6 months age and fertility index, between live weight at the first insemination and age of the first insemination and between live weight at the first insemination and кcoefficient of reproducibility.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability of cows and their descendants of different generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The research was carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed and their descendants of the first and second generations on the conditions of LLC “Veletenj” in the Glukhiv district of the Sumy region. In cows, based on a retrospective analysis of data and the results of their own searches, was studied the age dynamics of reproductive capacity of cows for the first-seventh and higher lactation, and their daughters and granddaughters for the first and higher lactation. It has been established that reproductive ability of cows to some extent is due to their age. Depending on the lactation, the duration of the parturition of the cows of LLC “Veletenj” varied from 278.2 to 280.0, the duration of the indifference period – from 64.4 to 69.0 days, service period – from 123.5 to 136.4, inter-calving period – from 402.2 to 414.8 and in the dry stable period – from 61.3 to 75.8 days, the reproduction rate was 0.91–0.93, the calves output for 100 cows was 90.9–93.0 the index of insemination is 2.41–2.56 and the fertility index is 42.2–44.8. The results of our research indicate that each subsequent generation of cows was characterized by a better reproductive ability, which, in our opinion, is due to the timely abandonment of fetuses and stimulation of infertile cows, as well as an improved level of feeding. The difference in the duration of the service period for the first lactation between the mothers and their daughters was 24.5, for the best lactation – 24.8, for the duration of the interotional period – 24.8 and 23.7 days, respectively, at P < 0.001 in all cases. A more significant difference in reproductive performance was observed between cows and their granddaughters. In terms of the duration of the service period for the first and best lactation, it was 15.5 (P < 0.05) and 33.3 (P < 0,001) and interotional period – 17.3 (P < 0.05) and 33,2 days (P < 0.001) respectively. Between the majority of the studied reproductive abilities of mothers and daughters for the first and higher lactation, the relative variability was positive and reliable, and mothers and granddaughters – low uncertainty and mostly negative (exception – the duration of calving). The highest positive correlation coefficients were observed between the duration of cervix and their daughters (r = 0.113 ± 0.039 at P < 0.001) and granddaughters (r = 0.211 ± 0.088 at P < 0.05) for the first lactation, as well as mothers and daughters for higher lactation (r = 0.114 ± 0.039 at P < 0.01). Between indicators of the indifference period (r = -0.036–0.051) and the index of fertility of cows (r = -0.080–0.014) and their descendants for the lactation under investigation have low, multidirectional, unreliable connections. The influence of mothers on indicators of reproductive function of descendants is established. They made the most significant impact on the duration of service and inter calving periods, reproduction rate, calving out of 100 cows and the index of daughter insemination (ηx2 = 27.57–52.22%). For higher lactation, this effect was significantly lower (exception – the index of insemination) – ηx2 = 15,39–28,10%.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF EXTERIOR OF PRIMARY COWS OBTAINED FROM BULLS MONBELIARD, NORWEGIAN RED AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. I. Bashchenko ◽  
O. V. Boiko ◽  
O. F. Honchar ◽  
Y. M. Sotnichenko ◽  
E. F. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Dairy Breed

Ukrainian Red- and Black-and-White dairy breeds, which are the most common in the region, as well as each biological system, are in constant variability and need constant scientifically-based support and improvement not only in general milk productivity, but also in such specific features as duration of economic use and reproducibility. A systematic approach in the optimization of breeding programs and the search for optimal crossbreeding options in populations of domestic dairy breeds is a little-studied and relevant area of research. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the formation of the exterior of the first-born cows obtained from bulls of the Montbeliard, Norwegian Red and Holstein breeds. Materials and methods of research. The research was conducted in 2019–2020 on the basis of 4 breeding farms of Cherkasy region. 120 heads of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds, 201 heads of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds, 80 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds and Montbeliards, 96 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds and Norwegian Black-and-White cows were taken into account. Comparative evaluation of animals on productive traits, exterior type was carried out within breeding herds, taking into account the structure of the genotype of animals. The study of morphological and physiological features of the udder of cows was carried out by determining the shape and size by taking measurements at 2–3 months of lactation for 1 hour. 30 min before milking. The functional properties of the udder were studied by the intensity of milk production (kg/min.) during the control milking. The milk yield was determined by the formula proposed by N. P. Pogribna and others. The growth intensity of repair heifers and the index of decline in growth energy were determined by the methods of Yu. K. Svechin, L. I. Dunaev, V. P. Kovalenko. Biometric processing of experimental data – statistical, correlation and analysis of variance were performed according to the methods of N. A. Plokhinsky and E. K. Mercury on a computer type IBM PC/AT. Research results. At the age of six months among local heifers obtained from breeders of the Montbeliard Breed received a live weight of more than 200 kg (when using Holstein Breeders for reproduction, the weight of heifers at 6 months was 174.4–182.1 kg), at the age of over 380 kg (383.5–384.8 kg), in 15 months over 440 kg (442.9–449.9 kg). From birth to 6 months of age, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein Breeders had a higher live weight compared to crossbreeds obtained from bulls of the Norwegian Breed. After 6 months of age, local heifers outnumbered their peers in terms of live weight with an unlikely difference. The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed had high growth rates with well-developed breasts in depth, width and girth: height at withers and buttocks, respectively 133.7 ± 0.96 cm and 136.1 ± 1.05 cm with well-developed chest depth (72.9 ± 1.17 cm), width 42.6 ± 2.18 cm) and girth 193.0 ± 1.54 cm), with a wide back in the macula 51.6 ± 3.77 sm and in the buttocks 35.2 ± 1.09 sm. Body measurements of local first-borns of genotype 1/2URW1/2M – only 80 heads: height at withers 124.7 ± 3.71 cm (below first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by 9.0 sm (P > 0.95) URW); in the buttocks 127.9 ± 2.19 sm (8.2 sm below the firstborn URW breed) (P > 0.99), oblique body length 158.3 ± 13.82 cm (4.6 cm below the firstborn URW breed)). However, they outnumbered the first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by measuring the depth of the breast 75.3 ± 3.11 cm (2.4 cm), breast width from 47.7 ± 2.40 cm (5.1 sm), chest circumference 205.0 ± 4 10 sm (12 sm (P > 0.99)), width of the buttocks in the macula and buttocks (6.1–3.1 sm (P > 0.95)). The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black- and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein breeders had a height at the withers and buttocks of 130.9 ± 1.22 cm and 137.2 ± 0.86 cm, respectively, with well-developed breasts in depth and girth. Local first-borns obtained from the selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of Norwegian Black-and-White breeders had no significant difference in basic body measurements with those of the same age as those obtained from Holstein breeders. Regardless of genotype and breed, the udder of first-born cows is large in volume (in girth – 128.6 ± 3.14 and 148.7 ± 2.66 sm, length – 35.1 ± 1.23 and 40.3 ± 1.55 sm and a width of 29.5 ± 3.26 and 33.8 ± 4.36 sm.) With proportionally developed parts of the udder, bath- or cup-shaped, firmly attached to the abdominal wall with cylindrical teats. Duration of milking 10.1 ± 0.167 – 12.2 ± 0.157 minutes, milk production rate 1.90 ± 0.01 – 2.50 ± 0.07 kg/min. It was found that with increasing daily milk yield, the intensity of milk production also increased: correlation coefficients (r = 0.439–0.577) have a high reliability (td = 3.97–7.58). The value of the udder index among the studied breeds and genotypes was different and ranged from 43.4 ± 0.06% to 45.2 ± 0.02%. Conclusions. The crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows with Norwegian Black-and-White breeders did not have a significant effect on the exterior type of repair heifers under 12 months of age. Crossbreeding with the Montbeliard breed made it possible to obtain heifers that were inferior in growth, but had a developed, three-dimensional body, chest and pelvis. The use of genetic material of the Montbeliard and Norwegian Black-and-White breeds has contributed to the formation of cows of the desired exterior type with good udder characteristics that meet modern requirements of machine mil.

scholarly journals The genetic determination of the economically useful characteristics of the cows of ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Private Research ◽  
Dairy Breed

The economically useful characteristics of dairy cows depend on many genetic, physiological, technological and environmental factors. The modern cow population of Ukrainian dairy cows was formed by using the improved Holstein breed. The contribution of this breed into both the creation and the improvement of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed is reflected in its genealogic structure, as the prevailing part of the lines is of Holstein origin. That’s why the estimation of animals of different lines and the male descendants of the bulls in service according to the main economically useful characteristics is one of the most topical matters concerning the improvement of the rate of genetic potential realization of the animals under peculiar conditions as well as of the formation of highly productive and profitable dairy herds. As it follows from mentioned above, the goal of our research was to determine the effects of the bulls in service and their belonging to the line on economically useful characteristics of the cows. The material for the research was the information concerning the breed and productive use of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed on the breeding plant of the private agrarian firm (PAF) “Yerchyky” of Zhytomyr oblast, as well as the results of private research. To make an analysis there was used the information about the cows which were lactating for the period of 7 years when the feeding and keeping conditions were similar ones. For the purpose of the research on the genetic determination of economically useful characteristics of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, it has been made an analysis from among the groups of paternity and linear belonging. The comparison of group middle young cows’ indices from different bulls in service and cows of various linear belonging has been made on the live mass, measurements and indices of body constitution, on milk productivity and morpho-functional characteristics of the udder as well as on their reproductive capacity. A considerable and highly reliable level of intergroup differentiation of cows of various linear belonging as well as of half-sisters by the bull has been determined on the economically useful characteristics. By means of single-factor variance analysis it has been determined that the paternity has a significant effect on the economically useful characteristics of cows that stipulates 0.71–21.92% of total phenotypic changeability of the characteristics being taken into account, whereas the belonging to the line was 0.54–12.70%. The study of the effects of paternity and linear belonging of cows on the parameters of their life-long productivity will be the perspective of the further research.

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