scholarly journals Mathematical Study on Impact of Temperature in Malaria Disease Transmission Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bhuju ◽  
GR Phaijoo ◽  
DB Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Study

Simulating disease transmission dynamics at a multi-scale level

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe B Hoshen ◽  
Anthony H Burton ◽  
Themis J V Bowcock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals The effects of flooding and weather conditions on leptospirosis transmission in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarat Chadsuthi ◽  
Karine Chalvet-Monfray ◽  
Anuwat Wiratsudakul ◽  
Charin Modchang
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transmission Models

AbstractThe epidemic of leptospirosis in humans occurs annually in Thailand. In this study, we have developed mathematical models to investigate transmission dynamics between humans, animals, and a contaminated environment. We compared different leptospire transmission models involving flooding and weather conditions, shedding and multiplication rate in a contaminated environment. We found that the model in which the transmission rate depends on both flooding and temperature, best-fits the reported human data on leptospirosis in Thailand. Our results indicate that flooding strongly contributes to disease transmission, where a high degree of flooding leads to a higher number of infected individuals. Sensitivity analysis showed that the transmission rate of leptospires from a contaminated environment was the most important parameter for the total number of human cases. Our results suggest that public education should target people who work in contaminated environments to prevent Leptospira infections.

scholarly journals Estimasi Reproduction Number Model Matematika Penyebaran Malaria di Sumba Tengah, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Ervin Mawo Banni ◽  
Maria A Kleden ◽  
Maria Lobo ◽  
Meksianis Zadrak Ndii
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Awareness Program ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Malaria Eradication

Malaria is transmitted via a bite of mosquitoes and it is dangerous if it is not properly treated. Mathematical modeling can be formulated to understand the disease transmission dynamics. In this paper, a mathematical model with an awareness program has been formulated and the reproduction number has been estimated against the data from Weeluri Health Center, Mamboro District, Central Sumba. The calculation showed that the reproduction number is R0 = 1.2562. Results showed that if the efficacy of the awareness program is lower than 20%, the reproduction number is still above unity. If the efficacy of the awareness program is higher than 20%, the reproduction number is lower than unity. This implies that the efficacy of awareness programs is the key to the success of Malaria eradication.

scholarly journals Relatedness and genetic structure of big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) maternity colonies in an urban-wildland interface provides insight into rabies transmission dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith M. Walker ◽  
Colin J. Sobek ◽  
Camille E. Platts-McPharlin ◽  
Carol L. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Eptesicus Fuscus ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Disease Exposure

AbstractBig brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) are the bat species most frequently found to be rabid in North America and are a key source of sylvatic rabies in wildlife. Females can form summer maternity colonies in urban areas, often using access holes in the exterior of buildings to roost in relatively large numbers. In Flagstaff, Arizona, these roosts are commonly found in houses adjacent to golf courses, where habitat quality (food, water, shelter) is high for bats and for mesocarnivores such as striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Periodic rabies outbreaks in Flagstaff involving all three of these mammals are primarily caused by an E. fuscus variant of the disease. However, little is known about E. fuscus social behavior during the summer months and how it may drive space use and hence disease exposure to conspecifics and mesocarnivores. To address this knowledge gap, we collected 88 unique genetic samples via buccal swabs from E. fuscus captured at four maternity roosts surrounding a golf course during summer of 2013. We used 7 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic relatedness among individuals and genetic structure within and among colonies in order to infer whether females selected roosts based on kinship, and used genetics and radio telemetry to determine the frequency of roost switching. We found roost switching through genetics (two mother and adult daughter pairs at the same and different roosts) and telemetry, and no evidence of elevated genetic relatedness within colonies or genetic structure between colonies. These results have important implications for disease transmission dynamics in that social cohesion based on relatedness does not act to constrain the virus to a particular roost area. Instead, geographic mobility may increase disease exposure to neighboring areas. We discuss mitigating actions for bat conservation and public health.

Assessing the impact of agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission: A mathematical study

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150049
Author(s):  
Liming Cai ◽  
Peixia Yue ◽  
Mini Ghosh ◽  
Xuezhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
The Impact

Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease, which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide. The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agrochemicals. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated and analyzed to assess the effect of agrochemicals on the transmission of schistosomiasis. The proposed model incorporates the effects of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on susceptible snails and snail predators along with schistosomiasis disease transmission. The existence and stability of the equilibria in the model are discussed. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters of the proposed model, which contributes most in the transmission of this disease. Numerical simulations are also performed to assess the impact of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on schistosomiasis outbreaks. Our study reveals that the agricultural pollution can enhance the transmission intensity of schistosomiasis, and in order to prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis, the use of pesticides should be controlled.

Mathematical Study of a Class of Epidemiological Models with Multiple Infectious Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
S. Bowong ◽  
A. Temgoua ◽  
Y. Malong ◽  
J. Mbang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractThis paper deals with the mathematical analysis of a general class of epidemiological models with multiple infectious stages for the transmission dynamics of a communicable disease. We provide a theoretical study of the model. We derive the basic reproduction number $\mathcal R_0$ that determines the extinction and the persistence of the infection. We show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable whenever $\mathcal R_0 \leq 1$, while when $\mathcal R_0 \gt 1$, the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and there exists a unique endemic equilibrium point which is globally asymptotically stable. A case study for tuberculosis (TB) is considered to numerically support the analytical results.

scholarly journals Parasite-mediated host behavioural modifications: Gyrodactylus turnbulli infected Trinidadian guppies increase contact rates with uninfected conspecifics

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Reynolds ◽  
Elisavet A. Arapi ◽  
Jo Cable
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
First Time

AbstractWhile group formation provides antipredatory defences, increases foraging efficiency and mating opportunities, it can be counterintuitive by promoting disease transmission amongst social hosts. Upon introduction of a pathogen, uninfected individuals often modify their social preferences to reduce infection risk. Infected hosts also exhibit behavioural changes, for example, removing themselves from a group to prevent an epidemic. Conversely, here we show how Trinidadian guppies infected with a directly transmitted ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli, significantly increase their contact rates with uninfected conspecifics. As uninfected fish never perform this behaviour, this is suggestive of a parasite-mediated behavioural response of infected hosts, presumably to offload their parasites. In the early stages of infection, however, such behavioural modifications are ineffective in alleviating parasite burdens. Additionally, we show that fish exposed to G. turnbulli infections for a second time, spent less time associating than those exposed to parasites for the first time. We speculate that individuals build and retain an infection cue repertoire, enabling them to rapidly recognize and avoid infectious conspecifics. This study highlights the importance of considering host behavioural modifications when investigating disease transmission dynamics.

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