scholarly journals Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

<p>In this study, the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the industrial wastewater from the vegetable tanning process were evaluated. Water from a food wastewater treatment system was used as seed inoculum for the aerobic process and mature granular methanogenic sludge from a brewery industrial wastewater plant was used for the anaerobic process. The water from the tanning industry had a biological to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 33% with values of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 342000 mg O2/L and total dissolved solids of 506595 mg/L. The assay of the tannery effluent under aerobic conditions resulted in a decrease of COD of 39.2% and a degradation of tannins lower than 12% after 26 days, while the anaerobic degradation showed a COD reduction of 65% with a 39% of degradation of tannins. The production of methane and Volatile Fatty Acids, during the anaerobic treatment, suggests a potential adaptation of biological organisms present in the mature anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge.</p>

Anaerobic baffled reactor treatment of biodiesel-processing wastewater with high strength of methanol and glycerol: reactor performance and biogas production

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Phukingngam ◽  
Orathai Chavalparit ◽  
Dararat Somchai ◽  
Maneerat Ongwandee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

AbstractBiodiesel-processing factories employing the alkali-catalyzed transesterification process generate a large amount of wastewater containing high amount of methanol, glycerol, and oil. As such, wastewater has high potential to produce biogas using anaerobic treatment. The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor for organic removal and biogas production from biodiesel wastewater. The effect of different organic loading rates, varying from 0.5 kg m−3 d−1 to 3.0 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand, was determined using three 22 L reactors, each comprising five separate compartments. Wastewater was pretreated with chemical coagulants to partially remove oil prior to experimentation. Results show that the anaerobic baffled reactor operated at 1.5 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand and ten days of hydraulic retention time provided the best removal efficiencies of 99 % of chemical oxygen demand, 100 % of methanol, and 100 % of glycerol. Increasing the organic loading rate over 1.5 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand led to excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids thereby making the pH drop to a value unfavorable for methanogenesis. The biogas production rate was 12 L d−1 and the methane composition accounted for 64–74 %. Phase-separated characteristics revealed that the highest chemical oxygen demand removal percentage was achieved in the first compartment and the removal efficiency gradually decreased longitudinally. A scanning electron microscopic study indicated that the most predominant group of microorganisms residing on the external surface of the granular sludge was Methanosarcina.

REMOVAL OF DYE AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REDUCTION FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING HYBRID BIOREACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi ◽  
Reza Katal ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Seyed Omid Rastegar ◽  
Poorya Mavaddat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Reduction

Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Michalska ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

Effect of agitation on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor in the treatment of dairy effluents

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Penteado ◽  
R. S. S. Santana ◽  
A. L. B. Dibiazi ◽  
S. C. de Pinho ◽  
R. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Dairy Effluents

Agitation rate is an important parameter in the operation of Anaerobic Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactors (ASBBRs), and a proper agitation rate guarantees good mixing, improves mass transfer, and enhances the solubility of the particulate organic matter. Dairy effluents have a high amount of particulate organic matter, and their anaerobic digestion presents inhibitory intermediates (e.g., long-chain fatty acids). The importance of studying agitation in such batch systems is clear. The present study aimed to evaluate how agitation frequency influences the anaerobic treatment of dairy effluents. The ASBBR was fed with wastewater from milk pasteurisation process and cheese manufacture with no whey segregation. The organic matter concentration, measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD), was maintained at approximately 8,000 mg/L. The reactor was operated with four agitation frequencies: 500 rpm, 350 rpm, 200 rpm, and no agitation. In terms of COD removal efficiency, similar results were observed for 500 rpm and 350 rpm (around 90%) and for 200 rpm and no agitation (around 80%). Increasing the system’s agitation thus not only improved the global efficiency of organic matter removal but also influenced volatile acid production and consumption and clearly modified this balance in each experimental condition.

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Source-Separated Organics

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh laqa Kakar ◽  
Ehssan Hosseini Koupaie ◽  
Hisham Hafez ◽  
Elsayed Elbeshbishy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature

The current study investigates the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) on acidification of source-separated organics (SSO) in terms of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and solubilization. Temperature and retention time for HTP of SSO ranged from 150 to 240 °C and 5 to 30 min, respectively. The soluble substance after hydrothermal pretreatment initially increased, reaching its peak at 210 °C and then declined gradually. The highest overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization of 63% was observed at “210 °C-20 min” compared to 17% for raw SSO. The highest VFAs yield of 1536 mg VFAs/g VSS added was observed at “210 °C-20 min” compared to 768 mg VFAs/g VSS for raw SSO. Intensification of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature beyond 210 °C resulted in the mineralization of the organics and adversely affected the process.

scholarly journals Anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate wastes

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
Barry L. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Dairy Wastes ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Cooking Liquor

Six parallel upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors were operated at chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads from 3 to 10 kg COD/(m3∙d). Four reactors (R1–R4) were fed sodium sulfate at loads of 1–3 kg S-SO4/(m3∙d). Reactors R1 and R2 were fed spent cheese whey with R1 being operated in an unstripped and R2 in a stripped mode. At COD loads below 5 kg/(m3∙d), the removal in R1 was 60–80% COD and generally trailed R2 by a margin of 0–15%. At higher COD loads and at higher SO4/COD ratios, the performance of R1 deteriorated significantly. A similar situation was found in the pair R3 (unstripped) and R4 (stripped), which was fed a mixture of spent whey and sulfite cooking liquor. Reactors R5 and R6 were subjected to the same feed as R3 and R4, but no sulfate was added. A comparison of R4 with R6 indicated slightly lower COD removal in R4 with similar amounts of volatile fatty acids accumulating in both reactors in cases of overloading. Key words: anaerobic treatment, sulfides, methanogenesis, inhibition, sludge bed reactor, dairy wastes, pulp and paper wastes, sulfate reduction.

Anaerobic treatment of concentrated latex processing wastewater in two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanketA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriuma Jawjit ◽  
Winai Liengcharernsit
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This study aims to investigate treatment performance of the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) applied to concentrated latex processing wastewater in Thailand. First, optimal conditions including the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the acid tank and the UASB tank, pH, and temperature (mesophilic and thermophilic) were determined. It was found that the HRT at 24 h and 48 h were the optimal HRT for the acid tank and the UASB tank, respectively. The pH of the system should be controlled at 7 to prevent rubber coagulation and to achieve high treatment performance, and the mesophilic condition (35°C) was found to be the optimal temperature. Second, the two-stage UASB was applied with the optimal conditions mentioned earlier with real wastewater at a latex mill. It was found that methane production was about 0.116 L CH4/g COD removed (16.3–22.8 m3CH4/d), and average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) removal efficiency were about 82% and 92%, respectively. In case of SS removal, the results revealed that the two-stage UASB was capable of overcoming the limitations of the single-stage UASB in treating concentrated latex effluent. The results indicated that application of the two-stage UASB to concentrated latex processing wastewater is feasible. Nevertheless, combination with other treatment systems (e.g., oxidation pond, aerated lagoon) is necessary to meet Thailand's industrial effluent standards (in the case of COD).

scholarly journals Characterization of Leachate from a Woodwaste Pile

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Ken J. Hall ◽  
Arash Masbough ◽  
Kevin Frankowski ◽  
Sheldon J.B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Late Closure ◽  
Leachate Quality

Abstract Leachate was generated when precipitation percolated through a pile of woodwaste, including trimmings, off-specification wood chips, shredded bark and roots, and sawdust from several cedar processing mills. The “young” woodwaste leachate produced in the pile's placement period was amber, acidic (pH 3.4–3.7), nutrient-poor (inorganic nitrogen 1.4–3.2 mg L-1, orthophosphate 3.3–4.3 mg P L-1), of very high oxygen demand (chemical oxygen demand 12,559–14,254 mg L-1, tannin and lignin 3066–5150 mg L-1 as tannic acid, volatile fatty acids 1564–2132 mg L-1), and very toxic to aquatic life (96-h median lethal concentration of 0.74% leachate). The leachate at 1.5 years old in the closure period had lower oxygen demand and higher ammonia, and became less acidic and darker. The leachate had a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 0.33 in the placement period and 0.14 in the late closure period. Volatile fatty acids accounted for 6 to 34% chemical oxygen demand, varying as the pile developed and with woodwaste age. Tannin and lignin accounted for 33 to 45% chemical oxygen demand. More than 98% contaminants were in dissolved form. The monthly variation of leachate quality was likely a result of both temperature and precipitation. pH was significantly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, tannin and lignin, and volatile fatty acids.

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