scholarly journals Utilization of Sea Water as Source of Electrical Energy of Coastal People

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Andri Kapuji Kaharian ◽  
Nani Sofroh ◽  
Didik Aribowo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ketinggian Dan Panjang Saluran Air Laut Terhadap Daya Yang Dihasilkan Pada Prototype Tidal Barrage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bima Sakti ◽  
Nur Rani Alham ◽  
Ahmad Nur Fajri ◽  
Ilham Rizal Ma’rif
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Water Turbines

<em>The need for electricity in Indonesia is very important considering the limited resources and the lack of manpower, making Indonesia desperately need to increase electricity generation. One source of energy that can be converted into electrical energy is tidal barrage using the tidal barrage method. The application of this energy is still very small in Indonesia but there are a number of areas that have the potential to be implemented by the power plant. Tidal power plants that utilize the potential energy contained in the differences in tides and tides of sea water by trapping water in dams and then moving water turbines and when the water turbine is connected to a generator can produce electrical energy. Related to how the output of the generated power can it is known by looking at what height the water level drives the turbine. This type of power plant is environmentally friendly because it does not damage the natural ecosystem and the dam can be used for various activities.</em><em></em>

Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Arévalo ◽  
Juan Manuel Ortiz ◽  
Eduard Borràs-Camps ◽  
Victor Monsalvo-Garcia ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Pre Treatment

The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)

Active Road Rumble Energy Harvesting Panels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salim Azzouz ◽  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Robert Rorabaugh ◽  
Christopher Venegas ◽  
Krista Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Turbine ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
Save Energy

Vehicles traveling through busy roads and highways waste a huge portion of their kinetic energy. Up to five percent of the car’s energy is lost due to braking. In an effort to save energy it is possible to harvest some of this lost energy through a mechanical device built into the road. With over 1 billion cars, there is a huge potential for a man made untapped energy to be collected and harvested. This presentation focuses on designing a mechanical system that collects the energy of cars passing over a depressible flapping road rumble panel. As the car passes over the flap, the panel depresses and turns a directional shaft. The energy of many panels is collected and is summed up in a continuously turning flywheel. The collected mechanical energy can then be converted into electrical energy. The panels would be located where car drivers encounter deceleration ramps, when approaching a stop sign or entering a toll plaza. The analysis of this active road rumbles concept involved 1) designing a prototype using a computer drawing software such as SolidWorks, then 2) modeling the system mathematically to figure out all the important and intervening parameters factoring in the expression of the equation of motion of such systems, and then finally 3) building a physical prototype to analyzes the performances of such systems. The SolidWorks drawings for the model have been created. The dynamical model used free body diagrams and Newton’s second laws to determine the different loads and the equation of motion of the road rumble system. The mathematical model took into consideration the parameters of a shock absorber with a spring/mass/damper system. The kinematic equations of the shaft and flywheels were used to determine the speed and acceleration of the power train. A physical prototype was tested manually for time and frequency responses. It has been found that the energy collecting flywheel is lightly damped and loses a small part of its energy to friction. A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of such system. The harvested energy was estimated by measuring the RPM of the flywheel, and it was found that such system have an acceptable return on the investment. It is envisioned that such harvesting energy systems can be used in many ways one of them is to empty a huge offshore silo tank filled with sea water and producing peak electrical energy by allowing the sea water back into the silo through a hydraulic turbine.

scholarly journals Low cost carbon electrodes to produce salinity gradient energy using reverse electrodialysis membranes: Effect of feed flow velocities and addition of Mg2+

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Tsalis Wahyu Najmiyah ◽  
Lina Aziyah ◽  
Yusuf Hendrawan ◽  
Dewi Maya Maharani ◽  
La Choviya Hawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Flow Velocities

In this research , we investigate the effect of feed flow velocity in both monovalent (Na+) and divalent (Mg2+) salt water solutions to harvest the electrical energy from the reverse electro dialysis (RED) membranes module. The synthetic sea water solution uses 0.5 M concentration of salt and the synthetic river water salt concentration of 0.017 M were used. The carbon electrode was used, due to its low cost, higher melting point, and insoluble in water. Variation of feed flow velocities (sea water and synthetic river water) of 8 cm2/s, 14 cm2/s, 19 cm2/s were used, in addition to compare electrical energy produced from the used of monovalent and divalent ions. The best result was obtained by using the velocity of feed solution 19 cm2/s with the electricty value of 8.033 mV, 0.002 Ω/cm2 and power density of 1,141 mW/m2, while the influence of the addition of Mg2 + ion in the feed solution resulted the electricty value of 4.47 mV, 0.003 Ω/cm2 and power density of 0.15 mW/m2. Albeit the results, some more configuration is needed and worth to be investigated in the future.

The Role of Sea Water Mineral Bonding Process with Graphite-Copper and Graphite-Aluminum Electrodes in Producing Electrical Energy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satryo B.Utomo ◽  
Winarto ◽  
Agung S. Widodo ◽  
ING Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Delocalized Electron ◽  
Copper Aluminum ◽  
Battery Technology

In the development of battery technology, the storage capacity and the cell voltage is determined by the anode and cathode materials that affect the rate of migration of electrons. The problem of Lithium battery is flammable. Therefore, new technology providing better performance should be developed. The aim of this research is to develop an electrode material composite that can collaborate with seawater to produce electricity. The electrodes tested are Copper, Aluminum, Activated Carbon, Wood Powder, Graphite Powder 4B and 8B .The result shows that each electrodes produces different voltage when contact with seawater. It is caused by the patterns of the electron movement disrupted by the electron of seawater in producing a new compound. The composite Graphite –Aluminum (GAL) generates high electricity about 580 mV compared to other material. The electrical conductivity of graphite material depends on the particle size which is larger at smaller the particle size. This research elucidates the role of seawater elements in boosting kinetic energy of delocalized electron on graphite resulting an electron jump.

scholarly journals Direct Conversion of Standard Sea Water Electrolyte to Electrical Energy

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sugandar Sumawiganda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Free Gibbs Energy ◽  
Free Ions

<p>This paper explains the techno-economical feasibility of very efficient direct energy conversion of standard seawater electrolytes to electrical energy based on solid state power electronics. It can be shown by applying free Gibbs energy concept and chemical REDOX reaction that the ions are in higher entropy than their associated solid crystal’s form, and therefore they have higher potential energy. The key problem is obviously to separate these free ions in separate subspaces according to its charge, since this separation will create electrical potential difference between them. The ions are essentially  electrons carrier and therefore despites they are moving with random velocity magnitude and direction, the external observer will observe an increasing electric charge due to free ions influx. This separation and migration can be performed by a rather strong electric field created by a special varnish insulated wire grid, VIWG. It will be shown that the energy expenditure for the liberation of ions from hydrates structure containment and migrate them to separate subspaces is  similar to energy activation for the oxidation exothermal process, which requires only marginal external energy. Thus the energy gain is 250 kJoule/kg standard seawater, which is only 0.55% of the fuel value of 1kg Texas’ crude oil, U.S.A. Unlike thermal energy conversion, this system may has 95% efficiency, since all rotating machines are eliminated. With this efficency, the “priceless” seawater feedstock leads to the electric energy tariff which can be as low as 30% of the current one. In addition, this system  provides with a number of significant comparative and competitive advantages compare to any known energy generation technology today, a.o.: zero pollution process, significant by products (fresh water, hydrogen gas, pure solid crystal atoms precipates) renewable since the availabilty of seawater feedstock is unlimited, scalable, modular, small foot-print, co-generation of Sodium/Chlorine fuel cell, and table salt (NaCl), and conventioanl hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell. It can be modified as power house for any kind of ship, as small as traditional fishing vessel to ocean liner. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Gibbs free energy, REDOX, hydrates, zero polution, fuel cell, scalable, modular </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Komposisi Air Laut dan Pasir Laut Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Okky Putri Prastuti
Keyword(s):  
Current Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Preliminary Study

Energi listrik adalah energi yang berasal dari muatan listrik yang menimbulkan medan listrik statis atau bergeraknya elektron pada konduktor (pengantar listrik) atau ion (positif atau negatif) pada zat cair atau gas. Energi listrik dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat untuk menghidupkan lampu penerangan, memanaskan, mendinginkan ataupun untuk menggerakkan kembali suatu peralatan mekanik untuk menghasilkan bentuk energi yang lain. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut dilakukan berbagai upaya pembaharuan energi salah satunya memanfaatkan campuran pasir laut dan air laut. Pemanfaatan air laut sudah diketahui bahwa memang bisa menghasilkan arus listrik. Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mengkombinasi air laut dan pasir laut sebagai bahan baku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis komposisi optimal antara air laut dan pasir laut dalam menghasilkan energi listrik. Sumber air laut dan pasir laut berasal dari Pantai Kenjeran Surabaya Indonesia. Metode penelitian berupa pencampuran air laut dan pasir laut dengan komposisi perbandingan persen berat pasir laut di dalam campuran sebesar 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Energi listrik yang dihasilkan ditunjukkan dengan mengamati aliran arus dan daya yang terlihat pada multimeter. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran arus dan tegangan didapatkan berturut-turut sebesar 2,4 V; 2,3 V; 2,3 V; 1,8 V; dan 0,9 V. Sehingga hasil analisis dari kandungan air laut dan pasir laut berpotensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi listrik, meskipun pasir laut berperan sebagai hambatan.Electrical energy is energy derived from electric charge that causes static electric field or the movement of electrons in a conductor (conductor of electricity) or ions (positive or negative) in a liquid or gas. The electrical energy needed by society to lighting, heating, cooling, or to move back in mechanical equipment to produce other forms of energy. Utilization of a mixture of sand and sea water is one of the methods of renewable energy. In other hand, utilization of sea water is known that it can generate electricity. This study is a preliminary study to combine sea water and sea sand as raw materials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the optimal composition of sea water and sea sand in generating electrical energy. Source of sea water and sea sand comes from Kenjeran Beach Surabaya Indonesia. Research methods such as mixing sea water and sea sand with a weight percent ratio sea sand in the mixture of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The electrical energy generated is determined by observing the current flow and power are seen on the multi meter. Based on the results of current and voltage measurements obtained respectively 2,4 V; 2,3 V; 2,3 V; 1,8 V; and 0,9 V. So the results of the analysis of the composition of sea water and sea sand can potentially be used as a source of electrical energy, although sea sand as agent of resistant.

scholarly journals Additional experiments and observations on the application of electrical combinations to the preservation of the copper sheathing of ships, and to other purposes

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 213-214
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Weak Solutions ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
General Science ◽  
Positive Power ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Extended Scale

Since his former communication the President has had an opportunity of prosecuting his researches upon the above subjects, upon an extended scale, and with results perfectly conclusive and satisfactory. He found that sheets of copper defended by from one 100th to one 150th part of zinc or iron, exposed for many weeks to the full flow of the tide in Portsmouth harbour, suffered no corrosion, and that even one 1000th part of cast iron exerted great protecting influence. Boats and the sides of ships protected in this way were also similarly preserved. Of the different protecting metals cast iron is most convenient, and the plumbaginous substance formed upon it does not impede the electrical action. The President formerly anticipated the deposition of earthy substances upon the negative copper, and this he now found to take place upon sheets of copper exposed about four months to seawater, and defended by from one 50th to one 80th their surface of zinc and iron. They became coated with carbonate of lime and magnesia; but this effect is easily prevented by duly diminishing the proportion of the protecting metal, so as to prevent the excess of negative power in the copper, which then remains bright and clean. The author observes, that many singular facts have occurred in the course of his researches, some of which bear upon general science. Weak solutions of salt act strongly upon copper, but strong ones do not affect it, apparently because they contain little air, the oxygen of which seems necessary to give the electro-positive power to these menstrua; upon the same principle, alkaline solutions and lime-water prevent the action of sea-water on copper, having in themselves the positive electrical energy which renders the copper negative.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document