scholarly journals Evaluate the Rate of Pollution in Soil using Simulink Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma N.M.Tawfiq ◽  
Mohammed A. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Contamination Sources ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Copper Lead

       In this paper we design a Simulink model which can be evaluate the concentration of Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, Cobalt, Nickel, Crum and Iron. So, this model would be a method to determine the contamination levels of these metals with the potential for this contamination sources with their impact. The aim of using Simulink environment is to solve differential equations individually and as given data in parallel with analytical mathematics trends. In general, mathematical models of the spread heavy metals in soil are modeled and solve to predict the behavior of the system under different conditions.

Distribution of heavy metals in seawater, sediment and biota of Jinhae Bay, Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Chan-Won ◽  
Kwon Young-Tack
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Jinhae Bay ◽  
Copper Lead

Over the past two decades, the coastal waters of Jinhae Bay have been extensively used by coastal communities and industries for the disposal of domestic and various industrial wastes, therefore increasing the level of pollutants in coastal waters with a subsequent increase in sediments, especially of heavy metals. Specific objectives of this research are to investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentration in biota, to compare the concentrations with those in sediment and water and to relate the bioconcentration to the different heavy metals in biota obtained from several sites. Sixty one percent of heavy metals was found in particulate form during the high runoff season and 32% during the dry season. The behavior of the particulate metals after flowing in to the enclosed coastal sea is an important factor in heavy metal contamination. Copper, lead and chromium contamination of sediment was revealed at several sites. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium and lead by the mussel (Mytilus edulis) were determined as 2,900, 2,814, 807, 423, 228 and 127 in the decreasing order, respectively. The areas located nearest to highly populated city and industries exhibited mussels with the largest accumulation of copper, lead and chromium.

Distribution and significance of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the Corio Bay ecosystem

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Smith ◽  
ECV Butler ◽  
BR Grant ◽  
GW Little ◽  
N Millis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Significant Interference ◽  
Copper Lead

Levels of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in sediments, waters and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Corio Bay (Vic.) were measured on two occasions in 1977. The bay has restricted water exchange with Port Phillip Bay and is known to have received a major input of cadmium. The respective concentrations of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the sediments were 2-50,2-2l0,4-398 and up to 12.6 �g/g; in the unfiltered waters, I .5-25, <0.4-11, 3.9-67 and 0.11-5.6 �g/l; and in the mussels, 4.8-21. 1.2-9.7, 105-110 and 9.8-53 �g/g on a dry weight basis. The observed levels of heavy metals are compared with threshold levels reported in the literature as causing significant interference with growth of phytoplankton and nutrient cycling by bacterial processes.

Contamination and Wildlife Communities in Stormwater Detention Ponds in Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, 1997 and 1998 Part II — Contamination and Biological Effects of Contamination

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Bishop ◽  
John Struger ◽  
Leonard J. Shirose ◽  
Lesley Dunn ◽  
G. Douglas Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Stormwater Ponds ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Stormwater Pond ◽  
Copper Lead

Abstract Due to concerns that wildlife may be attracted to Stormwater detention ponds and would be exposed to contaminants accumulating in these ponds, a field study of 15 Stormwater ponds and one natural wetland in Guelph and the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, was performed in 1997 and 1998. At 9 of 16 sites, copper levels in water exceeded the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQGs) for the protection of aquatic life. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines were also exceeded by average water concentrations for lead at four sites, for zinc at three sites, for chromium at seven sites, and turbidity at ten sites. At the natural wetland, only turbidity levels exceeded the CWQGs. Sediments from all ponds contained concentrations of at least one contaminant that exceeded the “lowest effects level” (LED of the Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment in Ontario. Stormwater pond sediments contained concentrations exceeding provincial sediment quality guidelines at the LEL for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-bhc), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP), turbidity, oil and grease, total PAHs, chromium, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and arsenic. Concentrations of g-bhc, TKN, TP, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and arsenic in the sediment of the natural wetland also exceeded the LEL. Sediments at one site exceeded the provincial guideline at the severe effect level for chromium. Concentrations of lead, zinc, cadmium and total PAHs in sediments were correlated with the age of the ponds. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were low (&lt;0.08 µg/g wet weight) in pump-kinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) collected from two ponds in Guelph. Red-winged blackbird [Agelaius phoeniceus) eggs from two ponds in Toronto contained up to 1130 ng/g pp’DDE and up to 670 ng/g total PCBs. Those concentrations were much higher than in a reference site, but an order of magnitude below concentrations associated with health effects in songbirds. Among four Stormwater ponds and one natural wetland in Guelph, there was statistically lower hatching success of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) eggs, and larvae took longer to metamorphose into frogs at two Stormwater ponds. Statistically fewer tadpoles survived to metamorphosis at one Stormwater pond. We conclude that Stormwater ponds do not offer clean ecosystems for wildlife and the monitoring of contamination and its effects within Stormwater ponds is necessary.

scholarly journals Study of the sorption properties of titanium phosphatestowards the metal ions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-2020) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
P. E. Evstropova ◽  
◽  
M. V. Maslova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Chemical Affinity ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Phosphate Groups

The process of sorption of lead, zinc, cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous solutions on titanium-containing sorbents of various compositions is studied. Morris —Weber and Boyd diffusion models, Lagergren pseudo-first ordermodels, and Ho and Mackay pseudo-second order models were used to simulate sorption kinetics. It was shown that the speed of the sorption process is influenced by both the composition of the sorbent and the interaction in the sorbent —sorbate system. Thehigh chemical affinity of the studied cations to phosphate groups determines the prospects of using titanium phosphate for the concentration of heavy metals and their subsequent immobilization in phosphate matrices.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AND ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE SAMPLES AS A TOOL FOR THEIR USE IN AGRICULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Jemima Gonçalves Pinto FONSECA ◽  
Lucas Prudêncio EITERER ◽  
Marcelo Henrique OTENIO ◽  
Leônidas Paixão PASSOS ◽  
Júlio César José SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Copper Lead

The influence of temperature and rainfall on nutrient levels, heavy metals, and etiologic agents in sludge samples collected at the Sewage Treatment Station of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was verified over 24 months. The results showed high levels of nitrogen (4.7-5.2%), phosphorus (1.4-2.2%), potassium (0.076-0.106%), magnesium (0.113-0.386%), iron 5.03%) and zinc (38.2-6902.1 mg Kg-1). For most of the investigated samples, the concentration of zinc was above the maximum allowed value (2,800 mg Kg-1). The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, copper, and lead were below the maximum values allowed by the legislation. Parasitological analyzes identified thermotolerant coliforms (0.49-160 NMP g-1) and helminth eggs (1 egg), however, in amounts less than allowed by legislation. These results are indicative of the efficiency of the sewage treatment process. The results showed a significant influence of the meteorological parameters on the concentrations of nitrogen, copper, lead, zinc and pathogens in the sludge. The results also showed a strong correlation between the concentrations of copper, lead and zinc indicating that the presence of these elements in the sewage sludge has a common origin. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using the investigated matrix as fertilizer when collected in rainy periods when it favors the dilution of the elements present in their soluble forms.

scholarly journals Чутливість мікроміцетів до важких металів

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
O. N. Korinovskaya ◽  
V. N. Gryshko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Maximal Concentration ◽  
Cunninghamella Echinulata ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Nickel ◽  
Copper Lead

The sensitivity of 33 micromycete species to nitric compounds of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and cadmium has been determined. Absidia butleri Lendn, Mortierella vanesae Dixon-Stewart, Cunninghamella echinulata Thaxte, Curvularia tuberculata Jain, Cladosporium cladosporiodes (Fresen) G. A. de Vries and Fusarium solani (C. Mart.) Appel et Wollenw are sensitive to minimal content of the heavy metals (0.75 of maximum permissible concentration (MPC)) in the growth medium. At the same time Trixoderma longibrachiatiim Rifai, Alternaria alternatа (Fr.) Keissl and Penicillium sp. 4 demonstrated moderate growth under maximal concentration (50 MPC). It is determined that minimal content of the heavy metals in the initial stage of influence (up to 48 h) promotes growth of only Fusarium oxysporum E. F. Sm. et Swingle, while retards growth of the other species.

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