scholarly journals All forests are not equal: population demographics and denning behaviour of a recovering small carnivore in human modified landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Twining ◽  
W. Ian Montgomery ◽  
Neil Reid ◽  
Nikki Marks ◽  
David G. Tosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Demographics ◽  
Equal Population

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Influenza in Thailand: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802098292
Author(s):  
S. Kiertiburanakul ◽  
W. Phongsamart ◽  
T. Tantawichien ◽  
W. Manosuthi ◽  
P. Kulchaitanaroaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Influenza Illness

Thailand has a high incidence and high mortality rates of influenza. This study summarizes the evidence on economic burden or costs of influenza subsequent to the occurrence of influenza illness in the Thai population by specific characteristics such as population demographics, health conditions, healthcare facilities, and/or cost types from published literature. A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases. All costs were extracted and adjusted to 2018 US dollar value. Out of 581 records, 11 articles (1 with macroeconomic analysis and 10 with microeconomic analyses) were included. Direct medical costs per episode for outpatients and inpatients ranged from US$4.21 to US$212.17 and from US$163.62 to US$4577.83, respectively, across distinct influenza illnesses. The overall burden of influenza was between US$31.1 and US$83.6 million per year and 50-53% of these estimates referred to lost productivity. Costs of screening for an outbreak of influenza at an 8-bed-intensive-care-unit hospital was US$38242.75 per year. Labor-sensitive sectors such as services were the most affected part of the Thai economy. High economic burden tended to occur among children and older adults with co-morbidities and to be related to complications, non-vaccinated status, and severe influenza illness. Strategies involving prevention, limit of transmission, and treatment focusing on aforementioned patients’ factors, containment of hospitalization expenses and quarantine process, and assistance on labor-sensitive economy sectors are likely to reduce the economic burden of influenza. However, a research gap exists regarding knowledge about the economic burden of influenza in Thailand.

Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gales ◽  
Robert D. McCauley ◽  
Janet Lanyon ◽  
Dave Holley
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Ningaloo Reef ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Plausible Hypothesis ◽  
Exmouth Gulf ◽  
Regional Abundance

The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.

The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Organization Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Stakeholder Needs

Organizational change and innovation are central and enduring issues in management theory and practice. The need to understand processes of organization change and innovation has never been greater in order to respond to dramatic changes in population demographics, technology, stakeholder needs, competitive survival, and social, economic, environmental, health, and sustainability concerns. These concerns call for a better understanding of managing organization change and innovation. Why and what organizations change is generally well known; how organizations change is the central focus of this handbook. It focuses on processes of change, or the sequence of events in which organizational characteristics and activities change and develop over time, and the factors that influence these processes, with the organization as the central unit of analysis. Across the diverse and wide-ranging contributions, three central questions evolve: what is the nature of change and process; what are the key concepts and models for understanding organization change and innovation; and how we should study change and innovation. This handbook presents critical evolving scholarship and explores its implications for future research and practice on organizational change and innovation.

Assessment of public perception regarding wastewater reuse

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Robinson ◽  
C.H. Robinson ◽  
S.A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Lawn Irrigation ◽  
Or Applications

A descriptive-correlational study was recently conducted in a four county metropolitan area in the southeast United States (US) as part of a collaborative effort between nursing and environmental engineering researchers. The purpose of the study was to assess attitudes, knowledge and information sources concerning wastewater reuse and evaluate the results with respect to population demographics. The study indicated that both men and women unfavorably view the use of wastewater for possible consumption (released into potable surface or groundwater supplies) or applications involving close, personal contact (laundry). Women were especially concerned about pumping wastewater into the groundwater for subsequent potable use. Both genders felt that wastewater reuse for applications not involving close personal contact (such as firefighting, car washing, lawn irrigation and agricultural uses) was acceptable. General knowledge concerning wastewater reuse was mixed. Those with lower incomes, less education, and 65 years of age or older had significantly less knowledge of this issue than younger, more educated, higher income individuals. Primary sources of information for most demographic groups included newspaper and television, although the Internet was identified as a frequent source for selected groups.

scholarly journals An integrated population model for estimating the relative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on a threatened population of Pacific trout

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Scheuerell ◽  
Casey P. Ruff ◽  
Joseph H. Anderson ◽  
Eric M. Beamer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
List Type ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Integrated Population Model ◽  
The North

SummaryAssessing the degree to which at-risk species are regulated by density dependent versus density independent factors is often complicated by incomplete or biased information. If not addressed in an appropriate manner, errors in the data can affect estimates of population demographics, which may obfuscate the anticipated response of the population to a specific action.We developed a Bayesian integrated population model that accounts explicitly for interannual variability in the number of reproducing adults and their age structure, harvest, and environmental conditions. We apply the model to 41 years of data for a population of threatened steelhead troutOncorhynchus mykissusing freshwater flows, ocean indices, and releases of hatchery-born conspecifics as covariates.We found compelling evidence that the population is under strong density dependence, despite being well below its historical population size. In the freshwater portion of the lifecycle, we found a negative relationship between productivity (offspring per parent) and peak winter flows, and a positive relationship with summer flows. We also found a negative relationship between productivity and releases of hatchery conspecifics. In the marine portion of the lifecycle, we found a positive correlation between productivity and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Furthermore, harvest rates on wild fish have been sufficiently low to ensure very little risk of overfishing.Synthesis and applications.The evidence for density dependent population regulation, combined with the substantial loss of juvenile rearing habitat in this river basin, suggests that habitat restoration could benefit this population of at-risk steelhead. Our results also imply that hatchery programs for steelhead need to be considered carefully with respect to habitat availability and recovery goals for wild steelhead. If releases of hatchery steelhead have indeed limited the production potential of wild steelhead, there are likely significant tradeoffs between providing harvest opportunities via hatchery steelhead production, and achieving wild steelhead recovery goals.

scholarly journals Between Stars and Stripes: Regions for American Healthcare Reform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Reform ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Equal Population ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Better Than

Analyzes government administration healthcare reform requires. Defines vast scaling of enterprise to cover the entire US. Reviews management constraints to supervise and learn. Always requires hierarchies. Too many layers pass effectiveness thresholds. Proposed reforms: "Medicare for All," may extend UK NHS-like program to US residents; "Public Option" may extend government insurance to US residents who choose it. Debate thus far about costs. Administrative requirements more critical to success (or failure.) Ignored in some plans. Examine how scale is managed in healthcare delivery, in smaller and some large nations. Administration of major medical reforms across US market will take a decade plus to roll-out. Must be carefully managed, to meet healthcare expectations and maintain political support. Success will exploit regionalisation, seeding new programs in areas with equal population sizes and ethnic compositions. Nationalization of some insurers is better than "putting them out of business," could smooth Public Option surge. But perfection is enemy of good: success will follow Moynihan's rule: show benefits to the privileged to serve the underprivileged.

scholarly journals Boarding Injuries: The Long and the Short of It

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Fabian ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Ray M. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Prospective Investigation

As the popularity of longboarding increases, trauma centers are treating an increased number of high severity injuries. Current literature lacks descriptions of the types of injuries experienced by longboarders, a distinct subset of the skateboarding culture. A retrospective review of longboarding and skateboarding injury cases was conducted at a level II trauma center from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011. Specific injuries in addition to high injury severity factors (hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), patient treatment options, disposition, and outcome) were calculated to compare longboarder to skateboarder injuries. A total of 824 patients met the inclusion criteria. Skull fractures, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly more common among longboard patients than skateboarders (P<0.0001). All patients with an ISS above 15 were longboarders. Hospital and ICU LOS in days was also significantly greater for longboarders compared with skateboarders (P<0.0001). Of the three patients that died, each was a longboarder and each experienced a head injury. Longboard injuries account for a higher incidence rate of severe head injuries compared to skateboard injuries. Our data show that further, prospective investigation into the longboarding population demographics and injury patterns is necessary to contribute to effective injury prevention in this population.

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